定价： 260元 / 折扣价： 221 元

定价： 689元 / 折扣价： 586 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is well suited for measuring the viscosity of glasses between the range within which rotational viscometry (see Practice C965) is useful and the range within which beam bending viscometry is useful (see Test Method C1350M). It can be used to determine the viscosity/temperature curve in the region near the softening point (see Test Method C338). This test method is useful for providing information related to the behavior of glass as it is formed into an object of commerce, and in research and development.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the viscosity of glass from 104 Pa·s to 108 Pa·s by measuring the rate of viscous compression of a small, solid cylinder.21.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method describes a laboratory test for determining the resistance of metallic materials to metal-to-metal wear produced in a crossed cylinder apparatus. The intent of this test method is to produce data that will reproducibly rank materials in their resistance to wear and evaluate the compatibility of different metal couples. The test method is normally used to determine the wear resistance of a material when it wears against itself. However, the test can also be used to evaluate the compatibility of different materials. 1.2 When the rotating and stationary bars are of the same material, wear test results are reported as the total volume loss in cubic millimetres for the rotating and stationary cylinders. The manner of recording the results also specifies the particular test procedure used. The value is obtained by adding the volume loss of the rotating member to the volume loss of the nonrotating member. Materials of higher wear resistance will have lower volume loss. Note 1-To attain uniformity among laboratories, it is the intent of this test method to require that volume loss due to wear be reported only in the metric system as cubic millimetres (1 mm = 6.102 X 10 in. ). 1.3 When dissimilar materials are being tested, wear test results are reported as the volume loss in cubic millimetres for the rotating and stationary test bars separately. When two different metals or alloys are tested, it is also recommended that each metal or alloy be tested in both the stationary and moving positions. Then, for each metal or alloy, the combined volume of wear in both positions should be used in comparisons with self-mated wear volume. 1.4 The test method describes three recommended procedures that are appropriate for different degrees of wear resistance. Note 2-The crossed cylinder wear test inherently exhibits a time varying contact area. A plot of wear volume versus sliding distance is typically nonlinear. Therefore, results obtained using parameters other than those specified in the test method cannot be used to calculate an expected value. 1.4.1 Procedure A -This is a relatively severe test that will rank metallic materials which have high-wear resistance. Materials with wear resistance in the high-speed tool steel category are particularly suited to this test. 1.4.2 Procedure B -This is a short-term variation of Procedure A. 1.4.3 Procedure C -This is a lower speed and shorter term variation of Procedure A that is particularly useful in ranking materials of low-wear resistance. 1.5 In reporting, the values stated in SI units are preferred. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.95.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.95.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    SectionIntroduction   1Referenced documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Methods 4 5Apparatus 6  General Laboratory Requirements 6.1  Test Engine 6.2  Test Engine Accessories and Parts 6.3Reagents and Materials 7Test Oil Sample Requirements 8Preparation of Apparatus 9  Engine Inspection 9.1  Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush 9.2  Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections 9.3  Engine Assembly 9.4  Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly 9.5Calibration of Engine Test Stand 10  General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration 10.1  Runs 10.2  Specified Test Parameters 10.3  Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria 10.4  Action on Rejection of Calibration Test 10.5  Test Numbering 10.6  Reference Oils 10.7  Severity Adjustments 10.8Engine Operating Procedure 11  Engine Run-In 11.1  Cool-Down Procedure 11.2  Warm-Up Procedure 11.3  Operating Conditions and Oil Additions 11.4  Measurement of Oil Consumption 11.5  Sampling Used Oil 11.6  Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions 11.7  Recording of Exhaust Temperature 11.8  Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement 11.9  Recording of Engine Conditions 11.10  Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement 11.11Inspections, Photographs and Measurements 12  Reference to Reporting Form 12.1  Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts 12.2  Post-Test Information 12.3  Oil Inspections 12.4Report 13  General Directions 13.1  Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional) 13.12  Reporting Calibration Test Results 13.13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15  ANNEXES  ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Specifications for Test Engine and Engine Build Annex A5Intake Air System Details Annex A6Exhaust System Details Annex A7Cooling System Details Annex A8Oil System Modifications and Instrument Locations Annex A9Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement Locations Annex A10Oil Consumption Linear Regression Method Annex A11Test Fuel Specifications Annex A12Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and Procedure Annex A13Engine Operating Conditions Annex A14Procedure for Rating Piston and Liner Annex A15Calculation of Percent Offset and Percent Deviation Annex A161K/1N Test Reporting Annex A17Parts List by Part Number (P/N) and Warranty Annex A18Safety Precautions Annex A19  APPENDIXES  Humidity Data Appendix X1Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Appendix X2Examples of Forms for Reporting Appendix X3Optional Recording of Oil Pass Limits Appendix X41.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements appear throughout the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards that shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A19 on Safety Precautions).1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 983元 / 折扣价： 836 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method can be utilized to determine the fatigue resistance of asphalt mixtures. The test method is generally valid for specimens that are tested at intermediate temperatures. The three-point bending cylinder test samples are obtained by coring a 68 mm diameter cylinder from the center of a 150 mm diameter gyratory compacted sample, or horizontal coring from field cores or slabs cut from field sections. After coring, the sample is ready for testing and no further sample preparations steps are required. The two ends of the 68 mm diameter three-point bending cylinder sample do not need to be sliced.5.2 The Timoshenko beam theory is used to calculate the reduction in dynamic modulus for each loading cycle. The test can be used to investigate the fatigue behavior of asphalt mixtures at various strain levels, temperatures, and frequencies. The results can be used to compare the fatigue life (Nf) for different asphalt mixtures. The Nf value can be calculated as the 50 % reduction in dynamic modulus. The Nf value is an indicator of fatigue performance of asphalt mixtures containing various mix design properties, asphalt binder types and modifications, gradations, and recycled materials. Typically, a higher Nf value indicates better fatigue performance. The Nf value may be used to identify crack-prone mixtures in performance-based mix design or in construction acceptance procedures, or both.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this test method are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results may depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the fatigue life (number of cycles to failure, Nf) of asphalt mixtures, and also the reduction in dynamic modulus (|E*|) with loading cycles, using cylindrical samples subjected to three-point cyclic bending. The results obtained from this test can be used to calibrate Viscoelastic Continuum Damage (VECD) models to obtain a damage characteristic curve, which in turn can be used to obtain fatigue lives (Nf) at a variety of temperatures, strain levels, and frequencies (a separate standard practice is being drafted for this procedure). Even though this test method is intended primarily for displacement (strain) controlled fatigue testing, certain sections may provide useful information for force-controlled tests.1.2 The test method describes the testing apparatus, instrumentation, specimen fabrication, and analysis procedures required to determine the number of cycles to failure of asphalt concrete.1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended to give a relatively rapid indication of the potential expansive reactivity of certain carbonate rocks that may be used as concrete aggregates. The test method has been successfully used in (1) research and (2) preliminary screening of aggregate sources to indicate the presence of material with a potential for deleterious expansion when used in concrete.5.2 The test method is intended as a research and screening method rather than as the basis of a specification requirement. It is intended to supplement data from field service records, petrographic examinations according to Guide C295/C295M, and tests of aggregate in concrete according to Test Method C1105.5.3 Alkalies participating in the expansive reactions with aggregate constituents in concrete usually are derived from the hydraulic cement; under certain circumstances they may be derived from other constituents of concrete or from external sources. Two types of alkali reactivity of aggregates are recognized: (1) alkali-silica reaction involving certain siliceous rocks, minerals, and artificial glasses, and (2) alkali carbonate reaction involving dolomite in certain calcitic dolomites, dolomitic limestones, and dolostones. This test method is not suitable as a means to detect alkali-silica reaction.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of a specimen of carbonate rock while immersed in a solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at room temperature. The length changes occurring during such immersion indicate the general level of reactivity of the rock and whether tests should be made to determine the effect of aggregate prepared from the rock upon the volume change in concrete.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile and other materials is very complex. The resistance to abrasion is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the type, kind, and amount of finishing material added to the fibers, yarns, or fabric.5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent surfaces, it is assumed that the abradant will not change appreciably in a specific series of tests, but obviously similar abradants used in different laboratories will not likely change at the same rate due to differences in usage. Permanent abradants may also change due to pick up of finishing or other material from test fabrics and must accordingly be cleaned at frequent intervals. The measurement of the relative amount of abrasion may also be affected by the method of evaluation and may be influenced by the judgment of the operator.5.4 The resistance of textile materials to abrasion as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance or durability as experienced in the actual use of the material. While “abrasion resistance” (often stated in terms of the number of cycles on a specified machine, using a specified technique to produce a specified degree or amount of abrasion) and “durability” (defined as the ability to withstand deterioration or wearing out in use, including the effects of abrasion) are frequently related, the relationship varies with different end uses, and different factors may be necessary in any calculation of predicted durability from specific abrasion data. Laboratory tests may be reliable as an indication of relative end-use performance in cases where the difference in abrasion resistance of various materials is large, but they should not be relied upon where differences in laboratory test findings are small. In general, they should not be relied upon for prediction of actual wear-life in specific end uses unless there are data showing the specific relationship between laboratory abrasion tests and actual wear in the intended end-use.5.5 These general observations apply to all types of fabrics, including woven, nonwoven, and knit apparel fabrics, household fabrics, industrial fabrics, and floor coverings. It is not surprising, therefore, to find that there are many different types of abrasion testing machines, abradants, testing conditions, testing procedures, methods of evaluation of abrasion resistance, and interpretation of results.5.6 All the test methods and instruments so far developed for abrasion resistance may show a high degree of variability in results obtained by different operators and in different laboratories; however, they represent the methods now most widely in use. This test method provides a comparative measurement of the resistance of woven textile fabrics to abrasion, and may not necessarily predict the actual performance of fabrics in actual use.5.7 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two or more laboratories, comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the material from which the disparate test results were obtained, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.NOTE 1: Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods D3885, D3886, and AATCC 93.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice is intended to be used for stiff to extremely dry concrete mixtures commonly used in roller-compacted concrete construction. This practice is used instead of rodding or internal vibration, which cannot properly consolidate concrete of this consistency (Note 1).NOTE 1: Further description of this concrete consistency is given in ACI 207.5 Roller-Compacted Mass Concrete3 and 211.3 Guide for Selecting Proportions for No-Slump Concrete3. The consistency of roller-compacted concrete may be determined in accordance with Test Method C1170/C1170M.1.1 This practice covers procedures for making cylindrical test specimens from concrete when the standard procedures of rodding and internal vibration, as described in Practice C31/C31M, are not practicable. This practice is applicable to freshly mixed concrete, prepared in the laboratory and the field, having a nominal maximum size aggregate of 50 mm [2 in.] or less. If the nominal maximum size aggregate is larger than 50 mm [2 in.], the practice is applicable only when performed on the fraction passing the 50-mm [2-in.] sieve with the larger aggregate being removed in accordance with Practice C172. This practice, intended for use in testing roller-compacted concrete, may be applicable to testing other types of concrete such as cement-treated aggregate and mixtures similar to soil-cement.1.2 Two methods are provided for making concrete cylinders using a vibrating table:1.2.1 Method A is a procedure for making test specimens in steel reusable molds attached to a vibrating table.1.2.2 Method B is a procedure for making test specimens in single-use plastic molds that have been inserted into a metal sleeve attached to a vibrating table.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this practice refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method can be used to determine the in-place density of soils which do not contain significant amounts of particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.), and which can be readily retained in the drive cylinder. This test method may also be used to determine the in-place density of compacted soils used in construction of structural fill, highway embankments, or earth dams. When the in-place density is to be used as a basis for acceptance, the drive cylinder volumes must be as large as practical and not less than 850 cm3 (0.030 ft3 ).4.2 The general principles of this test method have been successfully used to obtain samples of various field compacted fine-grained soils having a maximum particle size of 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) for purposes other than density determinations, such as testing for engineering properties.NOTE 1: Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this standard: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies which meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing. Users of this method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of in-place density of soil by the drive-cylinder method. The test method involves obtaining an intact soil sample by driving a thin-walled cylinder into the soil and conducting specific measurements and calculations for the determination of in-place density. When sampling or in-place density is required at depth, Test Method D1587 should be used.1.2 This test method is not recommended for sampling organic or friable soils which may compress during sampling. This test method may not be applicable for soft, organic, highly plastic, noncohesive, saturated or other soils which are easily deformed, compress during sampling, or which may not be retained in the drive cylinder sampler. This test may not be applicable with very hard natural soils or heavily compacted soils that may not be easily penetrated with the drive cylinder sampler. The use of this test method in soils containing an appreciable amount of particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) may result in damage to the drive cylinder equipment. Soils containing particles larger than 4.75 mm (3/16 in.) may not yield valid results if voids are created along the wall of the cylinder during driving, or if particles are dislodged from the sample ends during trimming.1.3 This test method is limited to the procedures necessary for obtaining specimens suitable for determining the in-place density and water content of certain soils. The procedures, precautions, and requirements necessary for selecting locations for obtaining intact samples, suitable for laboratory testing or otherwise determining engineering properties, is beyond the scope of this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and a unit of force (lbf). This implicitly combines two separate systems of units; that is, the absolute system and the gravitational system. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or the recording of density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.5.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice, intended for use in testing roller-compacted concrete, may be applicable to testing other types of cementitious material such as coarse-grained, soil-cement. This practice provides standardized requirements for molding stiff to very dry consistency concrete mixtures commonly used in roller compacted concrete construction. This practice is used instead of rodding or internal vibration, which cannot properly consolidate concrete of this consistency.NOTE 1: Further description of roller compacted concrete consistency is given in ACI 207.5R and ACI 211.3. The consistency of concrete using a vibrating table may be determined in accordance with Test Methods C1170/C1170M.4.2 This practice is used to mold cylindrical test specimens commonly used for testing compressive or tensile strength of concrete. Specimens tested for compressive strength and splitting tensile strength shall be in accordance with Test Methods C39/C39M and C496/C496M, respectively. Test specimens also may be used to determine density of fresh concrete.NOTE 2: For some extremely dry mixtures; (those with a consistency greater than 45 s when tested in accordance with Test Methods C1170/C1170M)5 the density of specimens made in accordance with this practice may be greater than the in-place density of roller-compacted concrete due to the greater potential for voids at the bottom of the lifts in the field.NOTE 3: The mass of the apparatus and amount of force applied by the operator may significantly affect the density of specimens made from these mixtures; thus, discretion is advised when interpreting test results on specimens made according to this practice.1.1 This practice2 covers molding cylindrical test specimens from concrete when the standard procedures of rodding and internal vibration, as described in Practice C31/C31M and Practice C1176/C1176M, are not practicable. This practice is applicable to freshly-mixed concrete, prepared in the laboratory and the field.1.2 Freshly-mixed concrete is molded in cylindrical molds using an electric vibrating hammer equipped with a shaft and circular plate.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 The text of this practice references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice allows for compositional analysis of the gases in equilibrium with crude oil, condensate, and liquid petroleum products at a 4:1 vapor/liquid ratio at ambient temperature for analysis using typical instrumentation (RGA) already available in typical refinery laboratories. These highly volatile components can result in vapor pressure conditions above atmospheric pressure, so this mechanically simple system is easily adaptable to day-to-day application at low cost/effort using existing analytical equipment.5.2 This practice allows for compositional analysis and day-to-day tracking or trending of the light hydrocarbons in crude oil for the purpose of identifying unusual blending of NGL, LPG, butane etc. into individual crude oil batch receipts.5.3 This practice allows identification of gases: including: CO, CO2, H2, H2S, N2, O2, CH4, C2H6, C3H8, etc. that can contribute to vapor pressure by Test Method D6377, but are not identified using Test Method D8003 (see Note 1). These components can originate from production or can be the result of the use of pad gas and may not be native to the original product. Significant difference in Test Method D6377 vapor pressure measurements at low V/L (for example, 0.1:1) versus high V/L (for example, 4:1) indicate the contribution of high vapor pressure gases such as those in 5.2.NOTE 1: Test Method D8003 does identify: CH4, C2H6, and C3H8. Test Method D8003 does not identify: CO, CO2, H2, H2S, N2, and O2.5.4 Nitrogen and combustion gases (mostly nitrogen and CO2 with minor concentrations of air) at positive pressures up to 2500 mm water column (nominal 4 psig) is required by International Marine Organization (IMO) Marine Pollution (MARPOL) and Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) regulations for the marine transport of crude oil. Analysis of the equilibrium vapor may be required to determine the contribution of inert gases to the total vapor pressure of the crude oil on receipt at the discharge port or refinery.1.1 This practice covers the preparation of an equilibrium gas sample of live crude oil, condensate, or liquid petroleum products, using a Practice D8009 manual piston cylinder (MPC) as a vapor tight expansion chamber to generate an equilibrium vapor/liquid pair at a known temperature and vapor/liquid ratio (V/L). Inert gas such as helium or argon is injected to the equilibrium vapor space of the MPC to provide an equilibrium vapor sample sufficiently above atmospheric pressure for subsequent analysis using a standard refinery gas analyzer (RGA) such as described in Test Method D7833. Other gas analysis methods may be used provided they meet the minimum performance criteria stated in 7.4.1.1.2 This practice is suitable for UN Class 3 Liquid samples having vapor pressures between 0 kPa and 300 kPa at 50.0 °C, and 0.1:1 to 4:1 vapor/liquid ratio, spanning the nominal range near bubble point (Test Method D6377 VPCr,0.1) to Test Methods D323 (RVP), D4953, and D5191 (V/L=4). The temperature may vary over a wide range, provided that the cylinder is maintained at isothermal and isobaric conditions to prevent condensation of equilibrium vapor upon cooling either in the cylinder or in the injection system of the Refinery Gas Analyzer (RGA, Test Method D7833). The method is best suited for preparation of an equilibrium gas/liquid pair near ambient conditions, typical of routine daily operations in a typical refinery quality assurance or marine terminal laboratory, to routinely monitor the light ends content of crude oil receipts.1.3 This practice is suitable to prepare an equilibrium liquid/vapor sample pair in a sealed sampling system (no light ends loss from either phase). The equilibrium gas phase is suitable for subsequent gas analysis of both hydrocarbon and fixed/inert gases in the sample, including: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide, C1 to C7 hydrocarbons at levels consistent with the Test Method D7833 method used. The equilibrium liquid phase can be subsequently analyzed by Test Method D8003 to obtain paired analytical results on both the equilibrium liquid and vapor pair with a sealed sample system.1.4 Addition of the diluent gas provides a positive pressure sample to allow the use of a typical RGA-type gas injection system that operates only slightly above barometric pressure. The preferred diluent gas shall be the same as the carrier gas used in the RGA (typically helium or argon). Choice of diluent or carrier gas may affect the ability to detect some inert gases (especially O2 or H2) in some RGA configurations conforming to Test Method D7833.1.5 The VLE gas generation and subsequent RGA output is used as a screening method to identify gas components that can be present in the crude oil affecting the total vapor pressure. The RGA output only represents the equilibrium vapor components present and relative to one another. Due to dilution of the VLE gas with inert gas, the RGA output does not purport to accurately provide the actual vapor composition at VLE conditions and is definitely not representative of the composition of the whole sample.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers cylinder burst disk assemblies for paintball marker propellant sources their application and installation requirements. The materials and processes used to manufacture the burst disk assembly shall result in items with mechanical strength sufficient to pass the applicable burst pressure tests. Materials used shall be corrosion resistant, chemically compatible with the propellant used, and shall not promote galvanic action. The burst disk assembly and related port features shall be free of burrs and sharp edges. Burst disk assemblies intended for use with the specified service pressure shall meet the prescribed rupture pressure and temperature conditions. The relief hole in the burst disk assembly shall provide for flow to adequately vent the cylinder as specified. The rupture disk and seal shall be permanently retained on the plug to provide proper alignment and assembly. The burst disk assembly and port shall conform to the physical envelope as described in the illustrations given. The burst disk shall be marked with manufacturer code and rated burst pressure. Prior to installation the mating port and the burst disk assembly shall be inspected to confirm compliance with physical envelope requirements, cleanliness, and general suitability for use.1.1 This specification covers burst disk assemblies for paintball marker propellant sources their application and installation requirements.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Diesel fuel injection equipment has some reliance on lubricating properties of the diesel fuel. Shortened life of engine components, such as diesel fuel injection pumps and injectors, has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in a diesel fuel.5.2 The trend of SLBOCLE test results to diesel injection system pump component distress due to wear has been demonstrated in pump rig tests for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is believed to be a factor in the operation of the component.65.3 The tangential friction force, as measured in the SLBOCLE test, is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity evaluations are also sensitive to trace contaminants acquired during test fuel sampling and storage.5.4 The SLBOCLE and High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR, Test Method D6079) are two methods for evaluating diesel fuel lubricity. No absolute correlation has been developed between the two test methods.5.5 The SLBOCLE may be used to evaluate the relative effectiveness of diesel fuels for preventing wear under the prescribed test conditions. If a standard SLBOCLE rating has been set, then the single-load test provides a more rapid evaluation than the incremental load test. Correlation of SLBOCLE test results with field performance of diesel fuel injection systems has not yet been determined.5.6 This test method is designed to evaluate boundary lubrication properties. While viscosity effects on lubricity in this test method are not totally eliminated, they are minimized.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the lubricity (load carrying ability) of diesel fuels using a scuffing load ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (SLBOCLE).1.2 This test method is applicable to middle distillate fuels, such as Grades Low Sulfur No. 1 D, Low Sulfur No. 2 D, No. 1 D, and No. 2 D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D975; and other similar petroleum-based fuels which can be used in diesel engines.NOTE 1: It is not known that this test method will predict the performance of all additive/fuel combinations. Additional work is underway to further establish this correlation and future revisions of the standard may be necessary once this work is complete.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Section 7.

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