【国外标准】 Standard Test Methods for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High-Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—1K Procedure (0.4 % Fuel Sulfur) and 1N Procedure (0.04 % Fuel Sulfur)

5.1 These are accelerated engine oil tests (known as the 1K and 1N test procedures), performed in a standardized, calibrated, stationary single-cylinder diesel engine using either mass fraction 0.4 % sulfur fuel (1K test) or mass fraction 0.04 % sulfur fuel (1N test), that give a measure of (1) piston and ring groove deposit forming tendency, (2) piston, ring and liner scuffing and (3) oil consumption.5.2 The 1K test was correlated with vehicles equipped with certain multi-cylinder direct injection engines used in heavy duty and high speed service prior to 1989, particularly with respect to aluminum piston deposits, and oil consumption, when fuel sulfur was nominally mass fraction 0.4 %. These data are given in Research Report RR:D02-1273.95.3 The 1N test has been used to predict piston deposit formation in four-stroke cycle, direct injection, diesel engines that have been calibrated to meet 1994 U.S. federal exhaust emission requirements for heavy-duty engines operated on fuel containing less than mass fraction 0.05 % sulfur. See Research Report RR:D02-1321.95.4 These test methods are used in the establishment of diesel engine oil specification requirements as cited in Specification D4485 for appropriate API Performance Category oils (API 1509).5.5 These test methods are also used in diesel engine oil development.1.1 These test methods cover the performance of engine oils intended for use in certain diesel engines. They are performed in a standardized high-speed, single-cylinder diesel engine by either the 1K (0.4 % mass fuel sulfur) or 1N (0.04 % mass fuel sulfur) procedure.3 The only difference in the two test methods is the fuel used. Piston and ring groove deposit-forming tendency and oil consumption are measured. Also, the piston, the rings, and the liner are examined for distress and the rings for mobility. These test methods are required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy API service categories CF-4 and CH-4 for 1K, and CG-4 for 1N of Specification D4485.1.2 These test methods, although based on the original Caterpillar 1K/1N procedures,3 also embody TMC information letters issued before these test methods were first published. These test methods are subject to frequent change. Until the next revision of these test methods, TMC will update changes in these test methods by the issuance of information letters which shall be obtained from TMC (see Annex A1 – Annex A4).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or single source equipment specified. Also Brake Specific Fuel Consumption is measured in kilograms per kilowatthour.1.4 The following is the Table of Contents:    SectionIntroduction   1Referenced documents 2Terminology 3Summary of Test Methods 4 5Apparatus 6  General Laboratory Requirements 6.1  Test Engine 6.2  Test Engine Accessories and Parts 6.3Reagents and Materials 7Test Oil Sample Requirements 8Preparation of Apparatus 9  Engine Inspection 9.1  Engine Pre-Test Lubrication System Flush 9.2  Engine Pre-Test Measurements and Inspections 9.3  Engine Assembly 9.4  Pressure Testing of Fuel System Assembly 9.5Calibration of Engine Test Stand 10  General Requirements and Frequency of Calibration 10.1  Runs 10.2  Specified Test Parameters 10.3  Calibration Test Acceptance Criteria 10.4  Action on Rejection of Calibration Test 10.5  Test Numbering 10.6  Reference Oils 10.7  Severity Adjustments 10.8Engine Operating Procedure 11  Engine Run-In 11.1  Cool-Down Procedure 11.2  Warm-Up Procedure 11.3  Operating Conditions and Oil Additions 11.4  Measurement of Oil Consumption 11.5  Sampling Used Oil 11.6  Shutdowns, Lost Time and Off Tolerance Conditions 11.7  Recording of Exhaust Temperature 11.8  Air-Fuel Ratio Measurement 11.9  Recording of Engine Conditions 11.10  Humidity Requirements/Calibration/Measurement 11.11Inspections, Photographs and Measurements 12  Reference to Reporting Form 12.1  Pre-Test Measurements of Engine Parts 12.2  Post-Test Information 12.3  Oil Inspections 12.4Report 13  General Directions 13.1  Electronic Transmission of Test Results (Optional) 13.12  Reporting Calibration Test Results 13.13Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15  ANNEXES  ASTM Test Monitoring Center Organization Annex A1ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Calibration Procedures Annex A2ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Maintenance Activities Annex A3ASTM Test Monitoring Center: Related Information Annex A4Specifications for Test Engine and Engine Build Annex A5Intake Air System Details Annex A6Exhaust System Details Annex A7Cooling System Details Annex A8Oil System Modifications and Instrument Locations Annex A9Other Pressure and Temperature Measurement Locations Annex A10Oil Consumption Linear Regression Method Annex A11Test Fuel Specifications Annex A12Lubrication System, Flush Apparatus and Procedure Annex A13Engine Operating Conditions Annex A14Procedure for Rating Piston and Liner Annex A15Calculation of Percent Offset and Percent Deviation Annex A161K/1N Test Reporting Annex A17Parts List by Part Number (P/N) and Warranty Annex A18Safety Precautions Annex A19  APPENDIXES  Humidity Data Appendix X1Statistical Equations for Mean and Standard Deviation Appendix X2Examples of Forms for Reporting Appendix X3Optional Recording of Oil Pass Limits Appendix X41.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements appear throughout the text. Being engine tests, these test methods do have definite hazards that shall be met by safe practices (see Annex A19 on Safety Precautions).1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.