1.1 This descriptive nomenclature is intended to give accurate descriptions of some common or important naturally occurring and synthetic constituents of aggregates for radiation-shielding concrete, that, at the same time, are not common or important constituents of concrete aggregates in general use. While most of the minerals and rocks discussed below may occur in small quantities in aggregates in general use, they are not major constituents of such aggregates. Common constituents of aggregates in general use are described in Descriptive Nomenclature C294. Radiation-shielding concrete often contains such aggregates, but other special aggregates are used in some circumstances.1.2 The synthetic aggregates included are ferrophosphorus and boron frit.1.3 The descriptions are not adequate to permit the identification of materials, since accurate identification of natural and synthetic aggregate constituents in many cases can only be made by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer, using the apparatus and procedures of those sciences.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The procedures recommended in this guide can be used to assess the sensory characteristics before, during, and after usage of skin care products.5.2 This guide is applicable to product categories that include skin lotions and creams, facial moisturizers, hand lotions and creams, anti-aging lotions and creams, suntan lotions, personal repellents, and other skin care products.5.3 Procedures of the type described herein may be used to communicate perceived sensory properties within and between manufacturers and to the consumer through the media. These guidelines are suggested to meet the need for ascertaining the performance of experimental and commercial products.5.4 These procedures are to be used by assessors who are screened for sensory acuity, trained to use their senses to evaluate products, and in the procedures outlined by the panel method of choice, either technical assessor or consumer behavioral approach.5.5 This guide provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effective in training skinfeel panels and providing sensory evaluation descriptions.1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures for two different descriptive analysis approaches that may be used to qualitatively describe the sensory attributes of skin creams and lotions and quantitatively measure their intensity, similarities, and differences over time. Descriptive analysis can be used to define the sensory experience of skin care products that can then be used to provide direction in product formulation, competitive assessment, ingredient substitutions, research guidance, and advertising claim substantiation.1.2 Guidelines are provided to assist the reader in determining which approach best meets their research objectives, either the (1) technical assessor or (2) consumer behavior approach to language development and evaluation.1.3 Guidelines are provided for the selection and training of assessors, defining sensory attributes, measuring intensities on rating scales, developing procedures for the manipulation of the product alone and the product on the skin, product handling, and evaluation of skin condition before testing.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides information on terms commonly applied to concrete aggregates. This standard is intended to assist in understanding the meaning and significance of the terms.4.2 Many of the materials described frequently occur in particles that do not display all the characteristics given in the descriptions, and most of the described rocks grade from varieties meeting one description to varieties meeting another with all intermediate stages being found.4.3 The accurate identification of rocks and minerals can, in many cases, be made only by a qualified geologist, mineralogist, or petrographer using the apparatus and procedures of these sciences. Reference to these descriptions may, however, serve to indicate or prevent gross errors in identification. Identification of the constituent materials in an aggregate may assist in characterizing its engineering properties, but identification alone cannot provide the sole basis for predicting behavior of aggregates in service. Aggregates of any type or combination of types may perform well or poorly in service depending upon the exposure to which the concrete is subjected, the physical and chemical properties of the matrix in which they are embedded, their physical condition at the time they are used, and other factors. Constituents that may occur only in minor amounts in the aggregate may or may not decisively influence its performance. Information about concrete aggregate performance in concrete has been published by ASTM.41.1 This descriptive nomenclature provides brief descriptions of some of the more commonly occurring, or more important, natural and artificial materials of which mineral aggregates are composed. The descriptions provide a basis for understanding these terms as applied to concrete aggregates. When appropriate, brief observations regarding the potential effects of using the natural and artificial materials in concrete are discussed.NOTE 1: These descriptions characterize minerals and rocks as they occur in nature and blast-furnace slag or lightweight aggregates that are prepared by the alteration of the structure and composition of natural material. Information about lightweight aggregates is given in Specifications C330, C331, and C332.1.2 This standard does not include descriptions of constituents of aggregates used in radiation shielding concrete. See Descriptive Nomenclature C638.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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6.1 The methods outlined in this guide can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe the performance and sensory characteristics of shampoos.6.2 The methods described in this guide may be used for product formulation and research guidance as well as for quality control.6.3 These methods may be used by individuals who familiarize themselves with these procedures and who have previous experience with sensory evaluation.6.4 Variables that may affect results include, but are not limited to, water conditions (for example, hardness), hair type, and hair condition. These variables should be controlled or accounted for in the experimental design.6.5 These are suggested procedures and are not intended to exclude alternate methods, which may effectively provide the same or similar results.1.1 The objective of this guide is to provide procedures which may be used in the design, execution, and analysis of studies to quantitatively assess the objective sensory attributes of shampoos. This is one of many appropriate techniques used in the hair-care industry. These attributes can then be used to define performance of shampoos and to provide direction in product formulation, research guidance testing, and claim substantiation. This guide includes the sensory properties involved in dispensing a product, as well as the attributes pertinent to shampooing swatches, half and whole heads. Although this guide is specific to shampoos, the procedures should be applicable to most hair-care products.1.2 Guidelines are provided for the definition of terminology, procedures for manipulation of products, identification/selection of hair type, and assessor training. References for rating scales are not provided in this guide. The user should be aware that some sensory practices may require the use of attribute references (anchors) when training the assessors.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This guide is meant to be used with and applied to individual trained descriptive assessors.5.2 The procedures recommended in this guide can be used by the panel leader to periodically appraise the performance of individual descriptive assessors.5.3 Tracking assessor performance will provide information as to the quality of the data being generated. Performance information may be used to decide whether to use the data to interpret product profiles.5.4 Monitoring assessor performance will enable the panel leader to identify retraining needs or to identify assessors who are not performing well enough to continue participating on a panel.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for measuring and tracking the performance of individual assessors on a descriptive sensory panel.1.2 This guide provides guidelines to assist sensory professionals in measuring performance for given assessors. Measuring performance will form the basis for (1) determining the reliability of the results, and (2) establishing remedial actions for an individual assessor.1.3 This guide examines various aspects of trained assessor performance; such as repeatability, discrimination, and agreement and demonstrates some ways to measure them. The procedures will help the sensory professional determine areas of good performance as well as those that require improvement.1.4 Individual assessor performance is tracked using established statistical procedures. These procedures depend on whether replicates are collected and if they are collected over multiple sessions or within a single session.1.5 This guide provides suggested procedures, including statistical procedures that can be done using standard statistical software, for evaluating performance and is not meant to exclude other methods that may be effectively used for a similar purpose.1.6 Methods for training and screening assessors are not within the scope of this guide. This guide does not address how to communicate performance feedback information to individual assessors. This monitoring of panel reproducibility, a measure of the panel’s ability to reproduce the results of other panels, is also not within the scope of this guide.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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