定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元

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定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

定价： 345元 / 折扣价： 294 元 加购物车

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5.1 Results from this accelerated corrosion test shall not be considered as an indicator of the useful life of the metal equipment. Many factors need consideration for applicability to specific circumstances. Refer to Guide C1696 and Practice G31 for additional information.5.2 Corrosion associated with insulation is an important concern for insulation manufacturers, specification writers, designers, contractors, users and operators of the equipment. Some material specifications contain test methods (or reference test methods contained in other material specifications), for use in evaluating the insulation with regard to the corrosion of steel, copper, and aluminum. In some cases these tests are not applicable or effective and have not been evaluated for precision and bias.5.3 A properly selected, installed, and maintained insulation system will reduce the corrosion that often occurs on an un-insulated structure. However, when the protective weather-resistant covering of an insulation system fails, the conditions for the aqueous environment necessary for corrosion under insulation (CUI) often develop. It is possible the insulation contains, collects, or concentrates corrosive agents, or a combination thereof, often found in industrial and coastal environments. If water is not present, these electrolytes cannot migrate to the metal surface. The electrochemical reaction resulting in the aqueous corrosion of metal surfaces cannot take place in the absence of water and electrolytes. Additional environmental factors contributing to increased corrosion rates are oxygen, and elevated-temperature (near boiling point).5.4 Chlorides and other corrosive ions are common to many environments. The primary corrosion preventative is to protect insulation and metal from contamination and moisture. Insulation covers, jackets, and metal coating of various kinds are often used to prevent water infiltration and contact with the metal.5.5 This procedure can be used to evaluate all types of thermal insulation and fireproofing materials (industrial, commercial, residential, cryogenic, fire-resistive, insulating cement) manufactured using inorganic or organic materials, faced or unfaced, for which a filtered extraction solution can be obtained.5.6 This procedure can be used with all metal types for which a coupon can be prepared such as mild steel, stainless steel, copper, or aluminum. Other metals (copper, aluminum) will need different times, reference solutions and cleaning practices. It shall not be interpreted that the steel procedures work for everything. When procedures are developed for other metals they will be balloted for inclusion in the document.5.7 This procedure can also be applicable to insulation accessories including jacketing, covers, adhesives, cements, and binders associated with insulation and insulation products.5.8 Heat treatment of the insulation (as recommended by the manufacturer up to the maximum potential exposure temperature) can be used to simulate possible conditions of use.5.9 Adhesives can be tested by first drying followed by water extraction or by applying a known quantity of the test adhesive to a test piece of insulation and then extracting.5.10 Insulating cements can be tested by casting a slab, drying, and extracting or by using the uncured insulating cement powder for extraction.5.11 Reference tests prepared with various concentrations of solutions that are conducive to the corrosion of the tested metal serve as comparative criteria. Solutions containing chloride, sodium hydroxide, various acids (sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, and citric acid), as well as “blank” tests using only de-ionized water and tap water are used.5.12 Research can be done on insulation that has been specially formulated to inhibit corrosion in the presence of corrosive ions through modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives. Corrosive ions can also be added to the insulation extraction solutions to determine the effectiveness of any inhibitors present.5.13 Protective surface treatments and coatings of different types and thickness can be applied to the metal coupons and compared using various corrosive liquids.5.14 Several sets of tests are recommended because of the number of factors that affect corrosion. An average of the tests and the standard deviation between the test results are used on the data. Much of the corrosion literature recommends a minimum of three specimens for every test. Consult Guide G16 for additional statistical methods to apply to the corrosion data.1.1 This practice covers procedures for a quantitative accelerated laboratory evaluation of the influence of extraction solutions containing ions leached from thermal insulation on the aqueous corrosion of metals. The primary intent of the practice is for use with thermal insulation and associated materials that contribute to, or alternatively inhibit, the aqueous corrosion of different types and grades of metals due to soluble ions that are leached by water from within the insulation. The quantitative evaluation criteria are Mass Loss Corrosion Rate (MLCR) expressed in mils per year determined from the weight loss due to corrosion of exposed metal coupons after they are cleaned.1.2 This practice cannot cover all possible field conditions that contribute to aqueous corrosion. The intent is to provide an accelerated means to obtain a non-subjective numeric value for judging the potential contribution to the corrosion of metals that can come from ions contained in thermal insulation materials or other experimental solutions. The calculated numeric value is the mass loss corrosion rate. This calculation is based on general corrosion spread equally over the test duration and the exposed area of the experimental cells created for the test. Corrosion found in field situations and this accelerated test also involves pitting and edge effects and the rate changes over time.1.3 The insulation extraction solutions prepared for use in the test can be altered by the addition of corrosive ions to the solutions to simulate contamination from an external source. Ions expected to provide corrosion inhibition can be added to investigate their inhibitory effect.1.4 Prepared laboratory ionic solutions are used as reference solutions and controls, to provide a means of calibration and comparison.21.5 Other liquids can be tested for their potential corrosiveness including cooling tower water, boiler feed, and chemical stocks. Added chemical inhibitors or protective coatings applied to the metal can also be evaluated using the general guidelines of the practice.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Ultrasonic extraction using dilute nitric acid is a simpler and easier method for extracting lead from environmental samples than are traditional digestion methods that employ hot plate or microwave digestion with concentrated acids (3), (5), (7), (8). Hence, ultrasonic extraction may be used in lieu of the more rigorous strong acid/high temperature digestion methods (for example, see Ref (3) and Test Method E1613), provided that the performance is demonstrated using accepted criteria as delineated in Guide E1775.5.2 In contrast with hot plate or microwave digestion techniques, ultrasonic extraction is field-portable, which allows for on-site sample analysis.1.1 This practice covers an ultrasonic extraction procedure for the extraction of lead from environmental samples of interest in lead abatement and renovation (or related) work, for analytical purposes.1.2 Environmental matrices of concern include dry paint films, settled dusts, soils, and air particulates.1.3 Samples subjected to ultrasonic extraction are prepared for subsequent determination of lead by laboratory analytical methods.1.4 This practice includes, where applicable, descriptions of procedures for sample homogenization and weighing prior to ultrasonic extraction.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended as a means for obtaining an extract from mine rock samples. The extract may be used to estimate the final pH and release of certain constituents of the test sample under the laboratory conditions described in this test method.5.2 The pH of the extraction fluid used in this test method should reflect the pH of precipitation in the geographic region in which the mine rock is being evaluated.5.3 This test method is designed to mobilize potential contaminants present in the solids, so that the resulting extract can be used to assess leachate that could potentially be produced from mine rock in the field.5.4 This test method has not been demonstrated to simulate actual site leaching conditions.5.5 This test method produces extracts that are amenable to the determination of both major and minor (trace) constituents. When minor constituents are being determined, it is especially important that precautions be taken in sample preservation, storage, and handling to avoid possible contamination of the extracts.5.6 This test method is a comparative method intended for use as a routine method for monitoring mine rock. It is assumed that all who use this method will be trained analysts capable of performing skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the column percolation extraction of mine rock in order to determine the potential for dissolution and mobility of certain constituents by meteoric water.1.2 This test method is intended to describe the procedure for performing column percolation extractions only. It does not describe all types of sampling and analytical requirements that may be associated with its application.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Extraction of organic pollutants from wastes can provide information on the susceptibility of compounds to leeching, water quality changes, or other site conditions.5.2 Rapid heating, in combination with temperatures in excess of the atmospheric boiling point of organic solvents, reduces sample extraction times.5.3 Small amounts of solvents (30 mL) are used resulting in reduced sample preparation cost and time.1.1 This practice describes the closed vessel microwave extraction of soils, sediments, sludges, and wastes for subsequent determination of solvent extractable semivolatile and nonvolatile organic compounds by such techniques as gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.1.1.1 Compounds listed in Tables 1–5 can be extracted from the preceding materials.1.2 This test method is applicable to samples that will pass through a 10-mesh (approximately 2-mm opening) screen.1.3 The detection limit and linear concentration range for each compound is dependent on the gas chromatograph or gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer technique employed and may be found in the manual accompanying the instrument used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 For the middle distillates whose boiling range is between 170 °C and 400 °C by such distillation methods like Test Method D2887, Procedure A can separate and determine the content of total aromatics and total nonaromatics by SPE and GC analysis of the resulting fractions. The determination of the total content of saturates and aromatics in petroleum middle distillates is useful to investigate the effects of petroleum processes on production of various finished fuels.5.2 The total aromatics content and polycyclic aromatics content are important to characterize the quality of diesel fuels. This test method is demonstrated to be time-saving and eco-friendly by reducing the amount of reagent consumption and avoiding the necessity of solvent evaporation step as required, for example, in such Test Method D2549.5.3 The determination of detailed hydrocarbon composition by mass spectrometry requires a preliminary separation of the sample into representative aromatics and nonaromatics, as in Test Method D2425, where Test Method D2549 is used to separate the distillate fuel. The SPE fractionation procedure described herein may provide a suitable fractionation alternative approach for these mass spectrometric types of methods.5.4 Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel. Procedure B can provide a separation and determination technique to monitor the FAME content for FAME biodiesel blends.1.1 This test method covers the separation and determination of representative aromatics, nonaromatics, and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fractions in middle distillates that boil between 170 °C and 400 °C, including biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME, by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography.1.2 This test method provides two procedures, A and B. Procedure A is applicable to the petroleum-based middle distillates fuel, and Procedure B is applicable to the biodiesel blends with up to 20 % by volume of FAME.1.3 This test method is applicable to middle distillates samples with aromatics content ranging from 5 % to 50 % by mass and biodiesel blends with FAME content in the range of 0.5 % to 20 % by volume. This test method may apply to concentrations outside these ranges, but the precision has not been determined.1.4 For Procedure B, biodiesels in the form of fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) can also fully elute into the FAME fraction, and they have the similar FID (flame ionization detector) relative response factors with that of FAME. The determined content of FAME fractions are the sum of concentrations of FAME and FAEE by this test method (see 3.2.5).1.5 From the investigation results obtained for FAME determination, the low concentrations of monoglycerides (usually less than 0.5 % by mass in biodiesel blends) are not detectable under the gas chromatographic (GC) condition of this test method and will not interfere with the determination of FAME by Procedure B. As a result, biodiesel blends, conforming to the requirements of Specification D7467, containing up to 20 % by volume of biodiesel blendstock meeting the requirements in Specification D6751, typically contain concentrations of monoglycerides of less than 0.1 % by mass. The diglycerides and triglycerides, if present, are not detected under the GC condition of this test method due to their higher boiling points.NOTE 1: If a sample is suspected of containing an abnormal FAME biodiesel feedstock than specified in Specification D6751, for example, a sample contaminated with vegetable oil with a high level of total triglycerides, the content of mono-, di-, or tri-glycerides in the isolated FAME fraction may be determined using Test Method D6584. Samples containing biodiesels with a high amount of glycerides than specified in Specification D6751 may contaminate the GC column and not recommended for this test method.1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This is a performance-based method, and modifications are allowed to improve performance.5.1.1 Due to the rapid development of newer instrumentation and column chemistries, changes to the analysis described in this standard are allowed as long as better or equivalent performance data result. Any modifications shall be documented and performance data generated. The user of the data generated by this standard shall be made aware of these changes and given the performance data demonstrating better or equivalent performance.5.2 Organophosphate pesticides affect the nervous system by disrupting the enzyme that regulates acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. They were developed during the early 19th century, but their effects on insects, which were similar to their effects on humans, were discovered in 1932. Some are poisonous and were used as chemical weapon agents. Organophosphate pesticides are usually not persistent in the environment.7,85.3 This test method is for the analysis of selected organophosphorous based pesticide degradation products.5.4 This method has been investigated for use with various soils.1.1 This procedure covers the determination of Diisopropyl Methylphosphonate (DIMP), Ethyl Methylphosphonic Acid (EMPA), Isopropyl Methylphosphonic Acid (IMPA), Methylphosphonic Acid (MPA), and Pinacolyl Methylphosphonic Acid (PMPA), referred to collectively as organophosphonates (OPs) in this test method, in soil. This method is based upon solvent extraction of a soil by pressurized fluid extraction (PFE). The extract is filtered and analyzed by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). OPs are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by this method.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The method detection limit2 (MDL), electrospray ionization (ESI) mode, and reporting range3 for the OPs are listed in Table 1.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a general procedure for the solid phase micro extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from an aqueous matrix or its headspace. Solid sorbent extraction is used as the initial step in the extraction of organic constituents for the purpose of quantifying or screening for extractable organic compounds.5.2 Typical detection limits that can be achieved using SPME techniques with gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (FID), electron capture detector (ECD), or with a mass spectrometer (MS) range from mg/L to μg/L. The detection limit, linear concentration range, and sensitivity of the test method for a specific organic compound will depend upon the aqueous matrix, the fiber phase, the sample temperature, sample volume, sample mixing, and the determinative technique employed.5.3 SPME has the advantages of speed, no desorption solvent, simple extraction device, and the use of small amounts of sample.5.3.1 Extraction devices vary from a manual SPME fiber holder to automated commercial device specifically designed for SPME.5.3.2 Listed below are examples of organic compounds that can be determined by this practice. This list includes both high and low boiling compounds.Volatile Organic Compounds (1-3)3Pesticides, General (4, 5)Organochlorine Pesticides (6)Organophosphorous Pesticides (7, 8)Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (9, 10)Polychlorinated Biphenyls (10)Phenols (11)Nitrophenols (12)Amines (13)5.3.3 SPME may be used to screen water samples prior to purge and trap extraction to determine if dilution is necessary, thereby eliminating the possibility of trap overload.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the extraction of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds from water and its headspace using solid phase micro extraction (SPME).1.2 The compounds of interest must have a greater affinity for the SPME-absorbent polymer or adsorbent or combinations of these than the water or headspace phase in which they reside.1.3 Not all of the analytes that can be determined by SPME are addressed in this practice. The applicability of the absorbent polymer, adsorbent, or combination thereof, to extract the compound(s) of interest must be demonstrated before use.1.4 This practice provides sample extracts suitable for quantitative or qualitative analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).1.5 Where used, it is the responsibility of the user to validate the application of SPME to the analysis of interest.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 12.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a means of both controlling the process and rating the quality of finished products.Extraction tests permit verification of the desired gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met: The filler is not soluble in xylene or toluene at the extraction temperature and the amount of filler present in the compound is known or can be determined.Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. Usually it has been found that, at extraction levels up to 50 %, the extraction solvent remains clear and free of filler.Since some oxidative degradation of the material can occur at the extraction temperatures used in this procedure, despite the use of a closed cell which allows for minimal introduction of oxygen, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.Before proceeding with this method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply1.1 The gel content of crosslinked ethylene plastics is determined by solvent extraction with xylene or toluene. This test method is applicable to ethylene plastics of all densities, including those containing fillers; provided the fillers are insoluble in the extraction solvent(s).1.2 This test method uses pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) to increase the speed and reduce the amount of solvent required for solvent extraction. The results of this method are similar to Test Method D2765.1.3 Extraction tests shall be performed on samples of any shape (see 7.2). Specimens shall be selected from those portions of the article most susceptible to insufficient crosslinking or selected from portions representative of the entire article. This test method has been developed for production and quality control of crosslinked polyethylene pipe but may be applicable to other products such as multilayer materials and fibers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This method makes use of minimal reagents and allows for solvent recovery and re-use. Due to the use of minimal reagents, health and safety concerns are minimized in comparison to other methods.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. This test method is similar to Test Method D2765.

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