1.1 This test method covers the determination of the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of synthetic plastic materials (including formulation additives that may be biodegradable) on exposure to activated-sewage sludge inoculum under laboratory conditions. 1.2 This test method is designed to index plastic materials that are more or less biodegradable relative to a standard in an aerobic environment. 1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria present in the activated sewage sludge. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.

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The degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradability of a plastic material in this test method may be predictive of the time period required to eliminate that plastic from the environment depending on the similarities of the environments. With increasing use of plastics, disposal is a major issue. This test method may be useful to estimate the degree and persistence of plastics in biologically active anaerobic disposal sites. This test method determines the rate and degree of anaerobic biodegradation by measuring the evolved volume of carbon dioxide and methane, as a function of time of exposure to anaerobic-digester sludge.Anaerobic sewer-digester sludge from treatment of clarifier sludge at a waste-water treatment plant that treats principally municipal waste is an acceptable active anaerobic environment (available over a wide geographical area) in which to test a broad range of plastic materials. This test method may be considered an accelerated test with respect to a typical anaerobic environment, such as landfill sites that plastics encounter in usual disposal methods because of the highly active microbial population of anaerobic-digester sludge.1.1 This test method determines the degree and rate of anaerobic biodegradation of synthetic plastic materials (including formulation additives) on exposure to anaerobic-digester municipal sewage sludge from a waste-water plant, under laboratory conditions.1.2 This test method is designed to index plastic materials that are more or less biodegradable relative to a positive standard in an anaerobic environment.1.3 This test method is applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the microorganisms present in anaerobic sewage sludge.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.

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5.1 Storage stability depends on complex interactions. It varies with feedstock type and source, and the processing used. The rate of degradation may not change uniformly with temperature. Chemical reactions may lead to a change in color followed by the formation of soluble gums and insoluble sediments. Insoluble sediments may overload filters, and plug nozzles and injectors.5.2 This test method, which does not require the test sample to be heated, uses a portable apparatus and allows tests to be carried out on site or in the laboratory to give a result within 35 min.5.3 The potential beneficial effects of stability additives in fuels may not be recognized by this test method. Therefore, the actual storage stability of middle distillate fuels with stability additives may not be correctly indicated by these test results.5.4 The unstable reactive compounds (phenalenes and phenalenones) detected by this test method may be present in fuels containing catalytically cracked or straight run materials and can affect the potential instability of the fuel.5.5 If this test method is used by any party for a rapid assessment of stability, it is the responsibility of parties concerned to decide whether or not this procedure yields meaningful results.5.6 Interpretation of results and correlation with other test methods is given in Appendix X1.1.1 This test method covers a procedure3 for the rapid determination of phenalenes and phenalenones in middle distillate fuels, including marine, automotive, heating, and gas turbine fuel such as those specified in Specifications D396, D975, D2069, and D2880. Phenalenes and phenalenones affect the potential instability of fuels, leading to fuel degradation products during storage, which may cause performance problems.1.2 This test method is applicable to both dyed and undyed fuels at all points in the distribution chain from refinery to end-user. It is not applicable to fuels containing residual oil. The portable apparatus allows the whole test to be conducted on site or in a laboratory and does not require the test sample to be heated.1.3 This test method is suitable for testing samples with a relative absorbance of up to 5.00 absorbance units (AU).NOTE 1: The precision of the test method has been established on relative absorbance up to 1.00 AU. For relative absorbance above 1.00 AU the precision may not apply.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice outlines a method for the determination of bromine and chlorine, alone or together.4.2 CIIR and BIIR rubbers contain small amounts of chlorine and bromine and CR rubbers contain large amounts of chlorine. For quality control and research and development, it is sometimes necessary to determine the amount of these halogens in rubber. This practice can be used for these purposes.1.1 This practice covers the determination of bromine and chlorine in rubber.1.2 This procedure is applicable to raw or cured NR, SBR, BR, IR, IIR, CIIR, BIIR, and EPDM rubbers and blends of these.1.3 Iodine interferes, but substances such as Zn2+, S, CN−, and (CO3)2 − do not.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method may indicate the presence of lead salts in leather. Lead salts may be found in pigments used in leather manufacture.1.1 This test method covers qualitatively determining the presence of lead salts in leather.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method provides a way to detect contamination on printed wiring board fingers that affects the electrical performance of such fingers. Such contamination may arise during PWB manufacture, circuit assembly, or service life and may include solder mask, solder flux, hardened lubricants, dust, or other materials. This test method provides a nondestructive method of inspecting such fingers at any point in the life of the product including after original manufacture, after assembly of circuit components to the PWB, and after time in service such as when returned for repair. Because this test method uses two probes to finger contacts in series, it provides a sensitive test for contaminants that may increase electrical resistance when the fingers are plugged into an edgecard connector that typically makes contact to the finger through only one contact to finger interface.5.2 Practice B667 describes a more general procedure for measuring contact resistance of any solid material in practically any geometrical form. The method in Practice B667 should be used for general studies and fundamental studies of electrical contact materials.1.1 This test method defines a resistance probing test for detecting the presence of foreign matter on Printed Wiring Board (PWB) contacts or fingers that adversely affects electrical performance. This test method is defined specifically for such fingers coated with gold. Application of this test method to other types of electrical contacts or to fingers coated with other materials may be possible and desirable but may require some changes in fixturing, procedures, or failure criteria.1.2 Practice B667 describes another contact resistance probe method that has more general application to electrical contacts of various materials and shapes. Practice B667 should be used for more fundamental studies. This test method provides a fast inspection method for printed wiring board fingers.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar will all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It is known that contamination by water can affect the shear stability of some greases in service. This test method is widely used to determine the wet shear stability of greases in service. Many grease specifications require these procedures as a wet shear stability test. No accurate correlation is established between the test results and wet shear stability of grease in actual service.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the shear stability of lubricating grease in the presence of water (wet shear stability) by a full scale grease worker. This test method is also known as the water stability test.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Although chlorinated phenol-treated wood has become less common due to environmental concerns, repellent-treated wood is commonly specified in construction. This test method provides a means to verify the presence of a significant level of water repellent protection.1.1 This test method covers simple qualitative field or laboratory tests to determine water repellency or the presence of chlorinated phenol2 preservative chemicals in wood products that are specified to be water repellent preservative treated.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Horizontal metal surfaces, on which water droplets tend to be retained, are more prone to rusting and corrosion than vertical or sloping surfaces. This test method is therefore more discriminating than Test Method D665 (Procedure A), since it gives a separate evaluation of the oil on a horizontal and a vertical surface. The test method indicates the ability of oils to prevent rusting and corrosion of all ferrous surfaces in steam turbines under full flow and quasi-static conditions. It is used for specification of new oils.1.1 This test method covers the ability of steam-turbine oils to prevent the rusting of horizontal and vertical ferrous surfaces when water becomes mixed with the oil.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Factors governing selection of a method for the determination of uranium include available quantity of sample, sample purity, desired level of reliability, and equipment availability.4.2 This test method is suitable for samples between 20 mg to 300 mg of uranium, is applicable to fast breeder reactor (FBR)-mixed oxides having a uranium to plutonium ratio of 2.5 and greater, is tolerant towards most metallic impurity elements usually specified for FBR-mixed oxide fuel, and uses no special equipment.4.3 The ruggedness of the titration method has been studied for both the volumetric (6) and the weight (7) titration of uranium with dichromate.1.1 This test method covers unirradiated uranium-plutonium mixed oxide having a uranium to plutonium ratio of 2.5 and greater. The presence of larger amounts of plutonium (Pu) that give lower uranium to plutonium ratios may give low analysis results for uranium (U) (1)2, if the amount of plutonium together with the uranium is sufficient to slow the reduction step and prevent complete reduction of the uranium in the allotted time. Use of this test method for lower uranium to plutonium ratios may be possible, especially when 20 mg to 50 mg quantities of uranium are being titrated rather than the 100 mg to 300 mg in the study cited in Ref (1). Confirmation of that information should be obtained before this test method is used for ratios of uranium to plutonium less than 2.5.1.2 The amount of uranium determined in the data presented in Section 12 was 20 mg to 50 mg. However, this test method, as stated, contains iron in excess of that needed to reduce the combined quantities of uranium and plutonium in a solution containing 300 mg of uranium with uranium to plutonium ratios greater than or equal to 2.5. Solutions containing up to 300 mg uranium with uranium to plutonium ratios greater than or equal to 2.5 have been analyzed (1) using the reagent volumes and conditions as described in Section 10.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Rock for erosion control consists of individual pieces of natural quarried stone or large boulders and cobbles. The ability of these individual pieces of stone to resist deterioration due to weathering action affects the stability of the integral placement of rock for erosion control and hence, the stability of construction projects, structures, shorelines, and stream banks.5.2 Deterioration of stone in this test is one indicator that similar samples exposed to wet/dry and freeze/thaw cycles may break down in a water-soaked environment condition in service.5.3 This test method was developed to be used in conjunction with additional test methods listed in Practice D4992. This test method provides a quantitative value indicating potential resistance to weathering; however, the results of this test method are not to be used as the sole basis for the determination of rock durability.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the testing for and quantitative determination of the presence of swelling clays of the smectite group in rock for erosion control. The test particles are intended to be representative of erosion control rock and its durability. The test is appropriate for breakwater stone, armor stone, riprap and gabion sized rock materials.1.2 Ethylene glycol is one of the materials that react with swelling clays to form an organoclay complex having a larger basal spacing than that of the clay mineral itself. Rock containing swelling clay of the smectite group will be expected to undergo expansive breakdown upon soaking in ethylene glycol. If the amount, distribution, state of expansion, and ability to take up glycol is such as to cause such breakdown to occur, it may be expected that similar breakdown may occur of similar rock samples exposed, for longer times, to wetting and drying or freezing and thawing in a water-soaked condition in service.1.3 The prepared size of the rock specimens may eliminate some of the internal features present in the gross structure. The test specimens may not be representative of the quality of the larger rock samples used in construction. Careful examination of the rock source and proper sampling are essential in minimizing this limitation.1.3.1 The test is time intensive and requires over two weeks to complete the sample preparation, testing and analysis portions of the procedure.1.4 The use of reclaimed concrete and materials other than natural rock is beyond the scope of this test method.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In this system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given unless dynamic (F=ma) calculations are involved.1.5.2 The SI units presented for apparatus are substitutions of the inch-pound units, other similar SI units should be acceptable providing they meet the technical requirements established by the inch-pound apparatus.1.5.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units: the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.5.4 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either SI or gravitational inch pound. Other units are permissible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.6.1 For purposes of comparing measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.6.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated, in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analytical methods for engineering design.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the acid number of sulfonated and sulfated oils for the purpose of quality assurance.1.1 This test method covers determination of the acidity as free fatty acids in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps, or both, existing in a sample of sulfonated or sulfated oil, or both, by calculation from the total alkalinity and free-and-alkali combined fatty acids.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The depth of color achieved in dyeing fabric according to this practice is relative to the amount of sizing in the fabric. This practice employs a chromatic staining scale from 1 to 5 which is inversely proportional to the relative amount of sizing in the fabric. A light color stain indicates a low concentration of sizing and warrants a high numerical rating, while a dark color stain indicates a high concentration of sizing and warrants a low numerical rating.5.2 The accuracy of this practice depends upon the ability of the testing personnel to match the color of the stain to the colors in the AATCC 9 Step ChromaticTransference Scale.1.1 Using a color scale of 1 to 5, this practice describes the procedures for determining the presence and relative amount of sizing in fabrics made of undyed nylon or non-cationically dyeable polyester yarns prepared with a cationically dyeable sizing1.2 Procedures and apparatus other than those stated in this standard may be used by agreement of purchaser and supplier with the specific deviations from the standard acknowledged in the report.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Factors governing selection of a method for the determination of uranium include available quantity of sample, homogeneity of material sampled, sample purity, desired level of reliability, and facility available equipment.5.2 This uranium assay method is referenced in the Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Uranium Dioxide Powders and Pellets (Test Methods C696) and in the Test Methods for Chemical, Mass Spectrometric, and Spectrochemical, Nuclear, and Radiochemical Analysis of Nuclear-Grade Uranyl Nitrate Solutions (Test Methods C799). This uranium assay method may also be used for uranium hexafluoride and uranium ore concentrate. This test method determines 20 mg to 200 mg of uranium; is applicable to product, fuel, and scrap material after the material is dissolved; is tolerant towards most metallic impurity elements usually specified in product and fuel; and uses no special equipment.5.3 The ruggedness of the titration method has been studied for both the volumetric (6) and the weight (7) titration of uranium with dichromate.5.4 Fitness for Purpose of Safeguards and Nuclear Safety Application—Methods intended for use in safeguards and nuclear safety applications shall meet the requirements specified by Guide C1068 for use in such applications.5.4.1 When used in conjunction with the appropriate certified reference materials (SRM6 or CRM), this procedure can demonstrate traceability to the national measurement base. However, use of the test method does not automatically guarantee regulatory acceptance of the resulting safeguards measurements. It remains the sole responsibility of the user of this test method to assure that its application to safeguards has the approval of the proper regulatory authorities.1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Modified Davies and Gray technique, covers the titration of uranium in product, fuel, and scrap materials after the material is dissolved. The test method is versatile and has been ruggedness tested. With appropriate sample preparation, this test method can give precise and unbiased uranium assays over a wide variety of material types (1, 2).2 Details of the titration procedure in the presence of plutonium with appropriate modifications are given in Test Method C1204.1.2 Uranium levels titrated are usually 20 mg to 50 mg, but up to 200 mg uranium can be titrated using the reagent volumes stated in this test method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safeguard and safety precaution statements, see Section 5.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In many instances, such as in the gears of a steam turbine, water can become mixed with the lubricant, and rusting of ferrous parts can occur. This test indicates how well inhibited mineral oils aid in preventing this type of rusting. This test method is also used for testing hydraulic and circulating oils, including heavier-than-water fluids. It is used for specification of new oils and monitoring of in-service oils.NOTE 3: This test method was used as a basis for Test Method D3603. Test Method D3603 is used to test the oil on separate horizontal and vertical test rod surfaces, and can provide a more discriminating evaluation.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the ability of inhibited mineral oils, particularly steam-turbine oils, to aid in preventing the rusting of ferrous parts should water become mixed with the oil. This test method is also used for testing other oils, such as hydraulic oils and circulating oils. Provision is made in the procedure for testing heavier-than-water fluids.NOTE 1: For synthetic fluids, such as phosphate ester types, the plastic holder and beaker cover should be made of chemically resistant material suitable for the type of fluid tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 7.4 – 7.6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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