1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for flexible annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe with an interior liner. It covers nominal sizes 3 in. (75 mm), 4 in. (100 mm), 5 in. (125 mm), 6 in. (150 mm), 8 in. (200 mm), 10 in. (250 mm), 12 in. (300 mm), 15 in. (375 mm), 18 in (450 mm), and 24 in (600 mm).1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) lined flexible annular corrugated polyethylene pipe for subsurface and land drainage systems, such as agricultural or foundations, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.NOTE 1: Pipe produced in accordance with this specification is to be installed in compliance with Practice F449. Lined flexible annular corrugated polyethylene provides axial flexibility allowing for subsurface installation using tile plows and allows the pipe to be coiled for storage and transport.NOTE 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to agricultural applications for water table control.NOTE 3: Lined flexible pipe provided in coiled lengths will experience distortion or folding in the interior pipe liner which may adversely affect flow characteristics, contact the pipe manufacturer for hydraulic design guidance for the coiled lined flexible pipe.1.3 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method may be used to determine the ability of a button to resist breaking under impact, for example in pressing the end item, which could cause the button to fail.NOTE 1: In the development of this test method it was found that the following factors influenced the ability of a button to resist failure under impact conditions: resin formulation, shape ligne size, thickness, number and spacing of holes. Buttons may also pass this test but fail during the pressing of a garment due to the presence of heat during pressing.5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between the reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, test samples should be used that are as homogeneous as possible, that are drawn from the material from which the disparate rest results were obtained, and that are randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. Other materials with established test values may be used for this purpose. The test results from the two laboratories should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.5.2 Test Method D5171 for the determination of the impact resistance of buttons may be used for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of buttons but caution is advisable since information is lacking on precision.1.1 This test method covers the determination of impact resistance of plastic sew-through buttons.1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values expressed in each system may or may not be exact equivalents: therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 In hydrocarbon type analyses of gasolines, highly volatile fuels can need to be stabilized by depentanization (Test Method D2001) prior to analysis. A knowledge of the composition of light hydrocarbons in the overhead from the depentanization process is useful in converting analyses of the depentanized fraction to a total sample basis.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the two (C2) through five (C5-) carbon paraffins and mono-olefins in gasolines. The concentrations by volume or mass (weight) of the following components are generally reported:1.1.1 Ethylene plus ethane1.1.2 Propane1.1.3 Propylene1.1.4 Isobutane1.1.5 n-Butane1.1.6 Butene-1 plus isobutylene1.1.7 trans-Butene-21.1.8 cis-Butene-21.1.9 Isopentane1.1.10 3-Methylbutene-11.1.11 n-Pentane1.1.12 Pentene-11.1.13 2-Methylbutene-11.1.14 trans-Pentene-21.1.15 cis-Pentene-21.1.16 2-Methylbutene-21.2 This test method does not cover the determination of cyclic olefins, diolefins, or acetylenes. These are usually minor components in finished gasolines.1.3 Samples to be analyzed should not contain significant amounts of material boiling lower than ethylene.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—Alternative units, in common usage, are also provided to improve the clarity and aid the user of this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the air leakage characteristics under specified air pressure differences at ambient conditions.NOTE 2: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications or the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4-6 These factors should be fully considered in specifying the test pressure differences to be used.5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.1.1 This test method covers a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen. Persons interested in performing air leakage tests on units exposed to various temperature differences across the specimen should reference Test Method E1424.1.2 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, skylights, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.NOTE 1: Performing tests under uncontrolled conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.1.3 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Test Method E783.1.4 Persons interested in evaluating air permeance of building materials should reference Test Method E2178.1.5 Persons interested in determining air leakage of air barrier assemblies should reference Test Method E2357.1.6 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This standard practice establishes a method for conducting accelerated laboratory aging of radial passenger or light truck tires, or both, in an oven.5.2 The goal of this practice is to define a scientifically valid protocol for the accelerated laboratory aging of a tire such that certain of its material properties correlate to those of in-service tires (see Appendix X1). This practice does not establish performance limits or tolerances for tire specifications.1.1 This practice describes a method to laboratory age a new tire in an oven to produce changes in certain chemical and physical properties at the belt edges similar to those of tires in-service (see Appendix X1).1.2 This practice is a precursor to conducting an ASTM standard roadwheel test method for laboratory generation of belt separation in radial passenger car and light truck tires.1.3 This practice may not produce representative chemical and physical property changes in any part of the tire except the belt edge.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating roof membranes, seams, and laps for resistance to water migration from standing water on the roof. This test method evaluates roof membranes when first applied and also after simulated deterioration caused by the ultraviolet energy of the sun.1.1 This test method covers the determination of water migration resistance of roof membranes including built-up roof membranes, modified bitumen, and single-ply roof membranes. The procedures were developed to determine the potential for leakage of water through the roof membranes resulting from a standing head of water and when pressurized with air from the underside.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Workers who have the potential to be exposed to molten metal contact shall be permitted to wear protective clothing using materials that have been evaluated for heat transfer using this test method.5.2 This test method rates materials that are intended for primary protective clothing against potential molten substance contact for their thermal insulating properties and their reaction to the test exposure.5.3 The protective performance, as determined by this test method, will relate to the actual end-use performance only to the degree that the end-use exposure is identical to the exposure used in the test method.5.4 Visual inspection of the specimen subjectively notes the material's resistance to molten substance contact.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of materials' thermal resistance to heat transfer when exposed to a molten substance pour.1.1.1 This test method was validated using molten substances of aluminum, brass, and iron. The test shall be permitted to be adapted for use with other substances.1.2 This test method is applicable to materials from which finished primary protective apparel articles are made.1.3 This test method does not measure the flammability of materials, nor is it intended for use in evaluating materials exposed to any other thermal exposure.1.4 Use this test method to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to molten substance pour under controlled laboratory conditions and shall not be used to describe or appraise the thermal hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual conditions. However, it is acceptable to use results of this test as elements of a thermal risk assessment which takes into account all the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the thermal hazard of a particular end use.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice provides a prescriptive description of the design of a SPFT test apparatus and identifies aspects of the performance of SPFT tests and interpretation of test results that must be addressed by the experimenter to provide confidence in the measured dissolution rate.5.2 The SPFT test method described in this practice can be used to characterize various aspects of glass corrosion behavior that can be utilized in a mechanistic model for calculating long-term behavior of a nuclear waste glass.5.3 Depending on the values of test parameters that are used, the results of SPFT tests can be used to measure the intrinsic dissolution rate of a glass, the temperature and pH dependencies of the rate, and the effects of various dissolved species on the dissolution rate.5.4 The reacted sample recovered from a test may be examined with surface analytical techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy, to further characterize the corrosion behavior. Such examinations may provide evidence regarding whether the glass is dissolving stoichiometrically, if particular leached layers and secondary phases were formed on the specimen surface, and so forth. These occurrences may impact the accuracy of the glass dissolution rate that is measured using this method. This practice does not address the analysis of solid reaction materials.1.1 This practice describes a single-pass flow-through (SPFT) test method that can be used to measure the dissolution rate of a homogeneous silicate glass, including nuclear waste glasses, in various test solutions at temperatures less than 100°C. Tests may be conducted under conditions in which the effects from dissolved species on the dissolution rate are minimized to measure the forward dissolution rate at specific values of temperature and pH, or to measure the dependence of the dissolution rate on the concentrations of various solute species.1.2 Tests are conducted by pumping solutions in either a continuous or pulsed flow mode through a reaction cell that contains the test specimen. Tests must be conducted at several solution flow rates to evaluate the effect of the flow rate on the glass dissolution rate.1.3 This practice excludes static test methods in which flow is simulated by manually removing solution from the reaction cell and replacing it with fresh solution.1.4 Tests may be conducted with demineralized water, chemical solutions (such as pH buffer solutions, simulated groundwater solutions, and brines), or actual groundwater.1.5 Tests may be conducted with crushed glass of a known size fraction or monolithic specimens having known geometric surface area. The reacted solids may be examined to provide additional information regarding the behavior of the material in the test and the reaction mechanism.1.6 Tests may be conducted with glasses containing radionuclides. However, this test method does not address safety issues for radioactive samples.1.7 Data from these tests can be used to determine the values of kinetic model parameters needed to calculate the glass corrosion behavior in a disposal system over long periods (for example, see Practice C1174).1.8 This practice must be performed in accordance with all quality assurance requirements for acceptance of the data.1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The ultrasonic pulse velocity, V, of longitudinal ultrasonic stress waves in a concrete mass is related to its elastic properties and density according to the following relationship: where: E   =   dynamic modulus of elasticity, μ   =   dynamic Poisson's ratio, and ρ   =   density. 5.2 This test method is applicable to assess the uniformity and relative quality of concrete, to indicate the presence of voids and cracks, and to evaluate the effectiveness of crack repairs. It is also applicable to indicate changes in the properties of concrete, and in the survey of structures, to estimate the severity of deterioration or cracking. If used to monitor changes in condition over time, test locations are to be marked on the structure to ensure that tests are repeated at the same positions. 5.3 The degree of saturation of the concrete affects the ultrasonic pulse velocity, and this factor must be considered when evaluating test results (Note 1). In addition, the ultrasonic pulse velocity in saturated concrete is less sensitive to changes in its relative quality. Note 1: The ultrasonic pulse velocity in saturated concrete may be up to 5 % higher than in dry concrete.3 5.4 The ultrasonic pulse velocity is independent of the dimensions of the test object provided reflected waves from boundaries do not complicate the determination of the arrival time of the directly transmitted pulse. The least dimension of the test object must exceed the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibrations (Note 2). Note 2: The wavelength of the vibrations equals the ultrasonic pulse velocity divided by the frequency of vibrations. For example, for a frequency of 54 kHz and a pulse velocity of 3500 m/s, the wavelength is 3500/54000 = 0.065 m. 5.5 The accuracy of the measurement depends upon the ability of the operator to determine precisely the distance between the transducers and of the equipment to measure precisely the ultrasonic pulse transit time. The received signal strength and measured transit time are affected by the coupling of the transducers to the concrete surfaces. Sufficient coupling agent and pressure must be applied to the transducers to ensure stable transit times. The strength of the received signal is also affected by the travel path length and by the presence and degree of cracking or deterioration in the concrete tested. Note 3: Proper coupling can be verified by viewing the shape and magnitude of the received waveform. The waveform should have a decaying sinusoidal shape. The shape can be viewed by means of outputs to an oscilloscope or digitized display inherent in the device. 5.6 The measured quantity in this test method is transit time, from which an “apparent” ultrasonic pulse velocity is calculated based on the distance between the transducers. Not all forms of deterioration or damage actually change the ultrasonic pulse velocity of the material, but they affect the actual path for the ultrasonic pulse to travel from transmitter to receiver. For example, load-induced cracking will increase the true path length of the ultrasonic pulse and thus increase the measured ultrasonic pulse transit time. The true path length cannot be measured. Because the distance from transmitting to receiving transducer is used in the calculation, the presence of the cracking results in a decrease in the “apparent” pulse velocity even though the actual ultrasonic pulse velocity of the material has not changed. Many forms of cracking and deterioration are directional in nature. Their influence on transit time measurements will be affected by their orientation relative to the pulse travel path. 5.7 The results obtained by the use of this test method are not to be considered as a means of measuring strength nor as an adequate test for establishing compliance of the modulus of elasticity of field concrete with that assumed in the design. The longitudinal resonance method in Test Method C215 is recommended for determining the dynamic modulus of elasticity of test specimens obtained from field concrete because Poisson's ratio does not have to be known. Note 4: If circumstances warrant, a velocity-strength (or velocity-modulus) relationship may be established by the determination of ultrasonic pulse velocity and compressive strength (or modulus of elasticity) on a number of specimens of a concrete. This relationship may serve as a basis for the estimation of strength (or modulus of elasticity) by further pulse-velocity tests on that concrete. Refer to ACI 228.1R4 for guidance on the procedures for developing and using such a relationship. 5.8 The procedure is applicable in both field and laboratory testing regardless of size or shape of the specimen within the limitations of available pulse-generating sources. Note 5: Presently available test equipment limits path lengths to approximately 50-mm minimum and 15-m maximum, depending, in part, upon the frequency and intensity of the generated signal. The upper limit of the path length depends partly on surface conditions and partly on the characteristics of the interior concrete under investigation. A preamplifier at the receiving transducer may be used to increase the maximum path length that can be tested. The maximum path length is obtained by using transducers of relatively low resonant frequencies (20 to 30 kHz) to minimize the attenuation of the signal in the concrete. (The resonant frequency of the transducer assembly determines the frequency of vibration in the concrete.) For the shorter path lengths where loss of signal is not the governing factor, it is preferable to use resonant frequencies of 50 kHz or higher to achieve more accurate transit-time measurements and hence greater sensitivity. 5.9 Because the ultrasonic pulse velocity in steel is up to double that in concrete, the ultrasonic pulse velocity measured in the vicinity of the reinforcing steel will be higher than in plain concrete of the same composition. If possible, avoid measurements close to steel parallel to the direction of pulse propagation. 1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propagation velocity of longitudinal ultrasonic stress wave pulses through concrete. This test method does not apply to the propagation of other types of stress waves through concrete. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 O2GTR at a given temperature and %RH is an important determinant of the packaging protection afforded by barrier materials. It is not, however the sole determinant, and additional tests, based on experience, must be used to correlate packaging performance with O2GTR. It is suitable as a referee method of testing, provided that purchaser and seller have agreed on sampling procedures, standardization procedures, test conditions and acceptance criteria.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the rate of transmission of oxygen gas, at steady-state, at a given temperature and %RH level, through film, sheeting, laminates, co-extrusions, or plastic-coated papers or fabrics. This test method extends the common practice dealing with zero humidity or, at best, an assumed humidity. Humidity plays an important role in the oxygen gas transmission rate (O2GTR) of many materials. This test method provides for the determination of oxygen gas transmission rate (O2GTR), the permeance of the film to oxygen gas (PO2), the permeation coefficient of the film to its thickness (P”O2), and oxygen permeability coefficient (PʹO2) in the case of homogeneous materials at given temperature and %RH level(s).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The exterior building envelope and its components (for example, windows and doors) separate the interior conditioned spaces from exterior environmental factors such as heat, cold, rain, wind, noise dust, etc. Building materials and components can expand or contract to varying degrees, depending on seasonal and diurnal exterior ambient air temperatures. Fluctuations in the ambient air temperatures can alter the sealing characteristics of windows, curtain walls, and doors by changing weather seal compression ratios. Thermal expansion or contraction of framing materials coupled with thermal blowing due to temperature gradients through the product, and alterations in the effective leakage areas due to weather seal shrinkage and compression set, can also significantly alter the air leakage rates of these products in field service applications. Air leakage tests performed using Test Method E283 (a laboratory air leakage test performed at ambient temperature conditions) will not account accurately for changes in air leakage rates that may occur from dimensional changes in fenestration systems, materials, and components.5.2 It is recommended that test specifiers consult the manufacturer for recommended test temperature extremes.5.3 This procedure provides a means for evaluating air leakage rates of fenestration systems under various temperature and pressure conditions and air flow directions. It is also applicable for use in evaluating the efficiency of weather sealing products in fenestration systems. All air flow rates are converted to standard conditions to provide a means of comparison between measurements made at different ambient air temperature and pressure conditions.5.4 Air leakage rates are sometimes used for comparison purposes. Such comparisons may not be valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.1.1 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential air temperature and pressure conditions across the specimen.1.2 Specified temperature and pressure conditions are representative of those that may be encountered at the exterior thermal envelope of buildings, excluding the effects of heat buildup due to solar radiation.1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation; however, the test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.1.4 This is a laboratory procedure for testing at differential temperature conditions. Persons interested in a laboratory test at ambient conditions should reference Test Method E283. Persons interested in a field test on installed windows and doors should reference Test Method E783.1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of heat transfer, fluid mechanics, and instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 7.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The Oxygen Transmission Rate is an important determinant of packaging functionality afforded by packaging materials for a wide variety of packaged products including food, pharmaceuticals and medical devices. In some applications, sufficient oxygen must be allowed to permeate into the package. In others, the oxygen ingress must be minimized to maintain product quality.5.2 Other ASTM Standard Methods to measure the oxygen transmission rate are described in Test Method D3985 and Test Method F2622.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the transmission rate of oxygen gas through plastics in the form of film, sheeting, laminates, coextrusions, coated or uncoated papers or fabrics.1.2 This test method is not the only method for measurement of the oxygen transmission rate (OTR). There are other methods of OTR determination that use other oxygen sensors and procedures.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Commonly used metric units used to report Oxygen Transmission Rate are included in Terminology, Procedure, Precision and Bias sections and in the Calculation section of the Appendix.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 The testing of sewers for leaks is a regular practice necessary for the maintenance and optimal performance of sewer collection systems so remedial action can be prioritized, designed, and carried out to reduce infiltration and exfiltration.3.2 This practice serves as a means to detect and locate all types of pipe defects that are potential sources of water leaks either into or out of electrically non-conducting pipes. Leaking joints and defective service connections are detected that often may not show as a defect when viewed from inside the pipe. The scan data may be processed and analyzed to provide some information on the size and type of pipe defect. (8.4.1)3.3 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers fabricated from electrically non-conducting material with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.1.1 This practice covers procedures for measuring the variation of electric current flow to detect and locate potential pipe leaks in pipes fabricated from electrically nonconductive materials such as brick, clay, concrete, and plastic pipes (that is, reinforced and non-reinforced). The method uses the variation of electric current flow through the pipe wall to locate defects that are potential water leakage paths either into or out of the pipe.1.2 This practice applies to mainline and lateral gravity flow storm sewers, sanitary sewers, and combined sewers with diameters between 3 and 60 in. (75 and 1500 mm). The pipes must be free of obstructions that prevent the probe passing through the pipe.1.3 The scanning process requires access to sewers, filling sewers, and operations along roadways that are safety hazards. This standard does not describe the hazards likely to be encountered or the safety procedures that must be carried out when operating in these hazardous environments. (7.1.3) There are no safety hazards specifically associated with the use of an electro-scan apparatus that complies with the specifications provided in this standard. (6.7 and 6.10.)1.4 The measurement of the variation of electric current requires the insertion of various items into a sewer. There is always a risk that due to unknown structural conditions in the sewer such items may become lodged in the pipe or may cause the state of a sewer in poor structural condition to further deteriorate. This standard does not describe methods to assess the structural risk of a sewer.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元