定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 Oil from one crude oil field is readily distinguishable from another, and differences in the makeup of oils from the same crude oil field can often be observed as well. Refined oils are fractions from crude oil stocks, usually derived from distillation processes. Two refined oils of the same type differ because of dissimilarities in the characteristics of their crude oil feed stocks as well as variations in refinery processes and any subsequent contact with other oils mixed in during transfer operations from residues in tanks, ships, pipes, hoses, and so forth. Thus, all petroleum oils, to some extent, have chemical compositions different from each other.4.2 Identification of a recovered oil is determined by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the particular recovered oil, for example, suspected sources. Thus, samples of such known oils must be collected and submitted along with the unknown for analysis. Identification of the source of an unknown oil by itself cannot be made without comparison to a known oil. The principles of oil spill identification are discussed in Ref (1).44.3 Many similarities (within uncertainties of sampling, analysis and weathering) will be needed to establish the identity beyond a reasonable doubt. The analyses described will distinguish many, but not all samples. Examples of weathering of various classes of oils are included in Ref (2).4.4 This practice is a guide to the use of ASTM test methods for the analysis of oil samples for oil spill identification purposes. The evaluation of results from analytical methods and preparation of an Oil Spill Identification Report are discussed in this practice. Other analytical methods are described in Ref (3).4.5 A quality assurance program for oil spill identification is specified.1.1 This practice covers the broad concepts of sampling and analyzing waterborne oils for identification and comparison with suspected source oils. Detailed procedures are referenced in this practice. A general approach is given to aid the investigator in planning a program to solve the problem of chemical characterization and to determine the source of a waterborne oil sample.1.2 This practice is applicable to all waterborne oils taken from water bodies, either natural or man-made, such as open oceans, estuaries or bays, lakes, rivers, smaller streams, canals; or from beaches, marshes, or banks lining or edging these water systems. Generally, the waterborne oils float on the surface of the waters or collect on the land surfaces adjoining the waters, but occasionally these oils, or portions, are emulsified or dissolved in the waters, or are incorporated into the sediments underlying the waters, or into the organisms living in the water or sediments.1.3 This practice as presently written proposes the use of specific analytical techniques described in the referenced ASTM standards. As additional techniques for characterizing waterborne oils are developed and written up as test methods, this practice will be revised.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 Identification of the source of a spilled oil is established by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the spill, that is, potential sources. Generally, the suspected source oils are from pipelines, tanks, etc., and therefore pose little problems in sampling compared to the spilled oil. This practice addresses the sampling of spilled oils in particular, but could be applied to appropriate source situations, for example, a ship's bilge.1.1 These practices describe the procedures to be used in collecting samples of waterborne oils (see Practice D3415), oil found on adjoining shorelines, or oil-soaked debris, for comparison of oils by spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques, and for elemental analyses.1.2 Two practices are described. Practice A involves “grab sampling” macro oil samples. Practice B can be used to sample most types of waterborne oils and is particularly applicable in sampling thin oil films or slicks. Practice selection will be dictated by the physical characteristics and the location of the spilled oil. These two practices are:  SectionsPractice A (for grab sampling thick layers of oil, viscous oils or oil soaked debris, oil globules, tar balls, or stranded oil)  9 to 13Practice B (for TFE–fluorocarbon polymer strip samplers) 14 to 171.3 Each of the two practices is designed to collect oil samples with a minimum of water, thereby reducing the possibility of chemical, physical, or biological alteration by prolonged contact with water between the time of collection and analysis.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

定价： 571元 加购物车

4.1 Identification of a recovered oil is determined by comparison with known oils selected because of their possible relationship to the particular recovered oil, for example, suspected or questioned sources. Thus, samples of such known oils must be collected and submitted along with the unknown for analysis. It is unlikely that identification of the sources of an unknown oil by itself can be made without direct matching, that is, solely with a library of analyses.1.1 This practice covers the preparation for analysis of waterborne oils recovered from water. The identification is based upon the comparison of physical and chemical characteristics of the waterborne oils with oils from suspect sources. These oils may be of petroleum or vegetable/animal origin, or both. Seven procedures are given as follows:  SectionsProcedure A (for samples of more than 50-mL volume containing significant quantities of hydrocarbons with boiling points above 280°C)  8 to 12Procedure B (for samples containing significant quantities of hydrocarbons with boiling points above 280°C) 13 to 17Procedure C (for waterborne oils containing significant amounts of components boiling below 280°C and to mixtures of these and higher boiling components) 18 to 22Procedure D (for samples containing both petroleum and vegetable/animal derived oils) 23 to 27Procedure E (for samples of light crudes and medium distillate fuels) 28 to 34Procedure F (for thin films of oil-on-water) 35 to 39Procedure G (for oil-soaked samples) 40 to 441.2 Procedures for the analytical examination of the waterborne oil samples are described in Practice D3415 and Test Methods D3328, D3414, and D3650. Refer to the individual oil identification test methods for the sample preparation method of choice. The deasphalting effects of the sample preparation method should be considered in selecting the best methods.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific caution statements are given in Sections 6 and 32.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车

定价： 646元 加购物车