4.1 The standards under the jurisdiction of Committee D11.40 and other technical committees can be used individually or as part of an integrated protocol in the assessment and selection of medical gloves.4.2 The intended use of the standards is as a means by which information can be requested, generated, and reported in a consistent, comparable manner.4.3 The suggested assessments and test methods are recommended guidelines.4.4 Test methods offer procedures for assessing medical gloves at standardized conditions to allow comparison.4.5 The information on medical glove performance must be combined with professional judgment, and a clear understanding of the application, in order for the medical glove to provide the best performance.4.6 Medical gloves intended for use during emergency medical operations may be evaluated and their performance certified to NFPA 1999, Standard on Protective Clothing for Emergency Medical Operations. This certification program is voluntary.1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the identification and application of the most appropriate ASTM and associated standards for the assessment, development of specifications, and selection of medical gloves with the ultimate goal of maintaining the safety and health of healthcare workers who may come into contact with biological and chemical hazards.1.2 No guidance document or assessment protocol can ensure the selection of medical gloves that guarantees healthcare worker protection. The purpose of testing and assessing medical gloves is to generate the performance data and quality information that will allow the most appropriate assessment and selection of medical gloves. Ultimately, the selection of medical gloves shall be based on the evaluation of available technical data, quality information, and professional assessment of risk.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Firestop systems are exposed to fire tests and classified using materials that have been, in all likelihood, quite recently manufactured. The testing provides a fire resistance rating for the firestop system that is measured in hours. The goal of firestop system testing is to identify and list firestop systems that will have a fire resistance rating that is no less than the fire resistance rating of the classified wall or floor assembly in which it is installed. A building fire that could put the firestop system to the test can occur at any time during the life of the building. By that time, the firestop system is composed of materials that have aged. Some assurance is desired to establish quantitatively that the firestop system will continue to have a fire resistance rating that is no less than that of the wall or floor assembly.5.2 This practice provides one method for examining whether any changes are to be expected in the characteristics of a firestop material during its design life, as gauged by any chemical reactions that occur within the material to change it. The measurement of conversion rate provides a standard measure of how much a material will change over its design life. This provides an objective indication of whether the bulk of the material is likely to exhibit the desirable properties for which it was chosen in the firestop system.5.3 Measurement of conversion rate allows different firestop materials used for similar purposes to be compared with respect to their ability to remain unchanged during their design life.5.3.1 This allows materials with an unusually high conversion rate to be questioned and possibly rejected early on during the research and development process.5.3.2 This allows materials to be screened by testing and listing agencies to ensure that they do not provide a listing for products that are not likely to have adequate performance for the full length of the intended design life.5.3.3 This allows formulation changes that have no apparent impact on the results of the fire testing to be evaluated for any possible long-term consequences on performance.5.3.4 Re-calculation of the conversion rate (other than for the standard time and temperature specified in Section 11) allows materials to be evaluated for suitability in applications where they may be regularly exposed to unusually high temperatures, or for suitability in installations which are intended to have an unusually long design life, or both.5.4 Measurement of conversion rate allows longevity of firestop materials to be compared to the longevity of the classified wall or floor assemblies in which the firestop system is installed, by measuring the conversion rate for each. This comparison can ensure that the firestop system does not degrade significantly faster, thus possibly deeming it to be unacceptable. The comparison can also ensure that the firestop system is not unjustifiably held to a higher standard of longevity than the floor or wall itself.5.5 The fundamental assumption inherent in making use of DSC conversion rate data for assessing longevity of firestop materials is that if the material has a chemical stability that keeps it from changing much over time in a certain environment, then it is reasonable to expect it to adequately perform its design function if subjected to an actual fire many years after installation.1.1 This practice covers a standardized procedure for quantitatively assessing the longevity of materials used in firestop systems, by the use of data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry.1.2 This practice is intended to differentiate firestop materials that are expected to maintain performance characteristics over time from those that are expected to degrade in performance characteristics over time. DSC experimental curve evaluation can also deliver indifferent results, where an interpretation of sample properties is not possible without additional testing using conventional durability testing. It evaluates the extent of chemical reactions that will occur within the firestop material under specified conditions of temperature and humidity. This practice does not measure longevity under specific severe environmental conditions or building operation that might be experienced by an individual firestop system.1.3 This practice is intended to be used to test the materials used within a firestopping system. The practice is not intended to be used to test the properties of assembled firestopping systems.1.4 This practice is intended to evaluate the following types of materials used in through-penetration fire stops:1.4.1 Endothermic,1.4.2 Intumescent,1.4.3 Insulation,1.4.4 Ablatives, and1.4.5 Subliming.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards are given in Section 8 on Hazards.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1 Scope This technical report outlines principles which are intended to be used as the basis for determining the requirements for connecting large distorting loads (producing harmonics and/or interharmonics) to public power systems. The primary objecti

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1 Scope This technical report outlines principles which are intended to be used as the basis for determining the requirements for connecting large fluctuating loads (producing flicker) to public power systems. The primary objective is to provide guidan

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1.1 This practice covers internationally accepted methods for conducting safety assessments of systems and equipment for “small” aircraft.1.2 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective civil aviation authority (CAA) body concerning the use of this practice as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this practice (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice establishes the conformity assessment requirements for limited use and reusable garments that are worn while spraying field strength liquid pesticides. The conformity assessment process has three levels and is based on potential risk. The standard covers supplier's declaration of conformity, product certification, certification body, and product marking.1.1 This practice establishes the conformity assessment requirements for limited use and reusable garments that are worn while spraying field strength liquid pesticides. The testing requirements for supplier’s declaration of conformity and certification are specified in Specification F2669.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide may be used for environmental compliance performance assessment in the United States in a wide variety of applications and is not particularly limited to one type of user. The following groups of users may find the guide particularly helpful:4.1.1 Small businesses or enterprises;4.1.2 Service industries;4.1.3 Federal, state or local facilities and regulators, including departments of health and fire departments;4.1.4 Financial and insurance institutions;4.1.5 Waste managers, including liquid and solid waste haulers, treatment, recycling, disposal and transfer;4.1.6 Consultants, auditors, inspectors and compliance assistance personnel;4.1.7 Educational facilities;4.1.8 Property, buildings and grounds management, including landscaping;4.1.9 Non-regulatory government agencies, such as the military; and4.1.10 Specific industrial sectors such as dry cleaners, printers, photo processors, laboratories, health care, and vehicle fueling, maintenance and delivery.4.2 This guide is intended as a first step in crafting simplified management goals for assessing compliance with a wide variety of multimedia environmental performance standards. The framework describes a process by which the user may categorize current waste management, air quality, water, and release prevention practices in order to manage the risks associated with noncompliance. The technique classifies common environmental performance standards into tiers based on relative risks to human health, the environment and business operations. The tier classifications found in this guide reflect the general requirements of State, Federal and local compliance and enforcement programs. These authorities generally classify groups of similar environmental performance standards according to the significance of any noncompliance within each group of standards.NOTE 1: Users in the United States are encouraged to review the EPA’s Audit Policy Program: Frequently Asked Questions (2021)5 for additional guidance on the Agency’s expectations of compliance performance assessments.4.3 The guide helps the user to realize the benefits of environmental compliance. These benefits may include but not be limited to:4.3.1 Ability to set priorities for environmental management activities;4.3.2 Marketing environmental awareness and sensitivity;4.3.3 Assessing compliance with permits and other requirements;4.3.4 Risk management, underwriting; loss control and history; premiums and claims;4.3.5 Liability assessment and qualifications for loans;4.3.6 Standardization, consistency and certification of facility specific evaluations;4.3.7 Educating employees, clients and customers;4.3.8 Generating multi media and cross medium information;4.3.9 Evaluating vendors; and4.3.10 Reducing costs and preventing pollution.4.4 Users may consider various benefits of environmental compliance performance assessment.4.4.1 This guide is a basic primer on environmental compliance and may serve to introduce the subject for organizations unfamiliar with requirements.4.4.2 Many government enforcement agencies, fiduciaries and business organizations publish environmental compliance records over the internet. The public will soon have the systematic ability to access environmental compliance information on individual businesses. Therefore, businesses need guidance on how to assess the nature and potential risks of environmental non-compliance, and a programmatic approach for reducing or eliminating those risks through pollution prevention and other proactive management systems.4.4.3 Reduced operation and maintenance costs and paperwork may be realized through a tiered evaluation of environmental compliance and pollution prevention opportunities.4.4.4 Compliance may be streamlined and simplified so that all levels in an organization may participate in environmental management.4.4.5 Some enterprises may be more competitive in the marketplace with improved environmental compliance programs.4.4.5.1 The State of Minnesota allows small firms with an environmental management system to operate under a flexible air permit.4.4.5.2 Firms in Indiana with an Environmental Management System are eligible to participate in the state’s Environmental Stewardship Program which provides regulatory flexibility.4.4.5.3 Firms operating in Wisconsin that develop and implement an environmental management system may be eligible to apply to the Department of Natural Resources Green Tier program. Green Tier can offer eligible companies flexibility in state issued permits and compliance methods.4.4.5.4 International firms and organizations may have significant competitive advantages through implementation of an environmental management system that conforms to ISO 14001:2015.4.4.6 Setting priorities can allow planning and evaluation of new environmental requirements.4.5 This guide establishes a framework of common, environmental risk management requirements in the United States and will allow the user to evaluate the potential level of risk from non-compliance. Compliance requirements would then be evaluated for pollution prevention opportunities in order to continually reduce the risks from non-compliance.4.6 Noncompliance with Tier 1 Environmental Performance Standards represents the highest risk because Tier 1 Standards prevent, mitigate or respond to imminent hazards for human health or the environment. Tier 2 Standards address areas of significant risk, where noncompliance could result in penalties, primarily for failure to obtain required approval for releases or modifications to the environment. Tier 3 Standards require operation and maintenance of approved controls on releases or modifications to the environment, where repeat noncompliance could represent a risk. Tier 4 Standards represent the lowest direct risk from noncompliance; however, they are still important for documenting environmental management, the details of the compliance record, environmental compliance costs and pollution prevention measurements.1.1 Overview—This guide is an organized collection of information and series of options for industry, regulators, auditors, consultants and the public, intended to measure compliance with environmental performance standards against established benchmarks. It focuses on compliance with air, water, waste prevention, waste management, and toxic reduction standards for facilities in the United States. While the guide does not recommend a specific course of action, it establishes a tiered framework of essential components, beginning with those standards where a deviation presents the greatest potential public health, environmental, and business risks. In each identified pathway, at each tier or step of analysis, the guide outlines ways to identify compliance options and reduce pollution in iterative steps. The goal in using the guide is to lower environmental, public health and business risks from Tiers 1 and 2 to Tiers 3 and 4, by evaluating the performance standards described in this guide. While this guide provides a simplified framework of explicit steps for users, a qualified professional should conduct detailed, site-specific risk analysis. This guide may act as a starting point for organizations with limited experience in systematic environmental assessment. As facilities develop their specific plan framework, they will find that risk is weighted by more than just a few parameters. For each facility risk is the complex interaction among location, size, history, surrounding community and ecological zones.1.2 Differences Among Standards—This guide focuses on compliance with environmental performance standards in the United States. As such it includes a unique, risk-based method to analyze specific groups of legal requirements, as well as risk reduction techniques, sometimes called “pollution prevention.”1.2.1 Use of this guide provides a system to evaluate the relative priority of compliance and pollution prevention activities. Unlike environmental management systems, it provides a framework to triage critical issues, based on consideration of actual risk of harm to public health and the environment.1.2.2 Environmental regulatory requirements in the United States are administered primarily by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the parallel State and Local Agencies with similar regulatory authority. Certain other Federal regulatory agencies and State and local counter parts may also have legal requirements relating to environmental performance standards. Examples include the Departments of Transportation (DOT) and Agriculture (USDA) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Similar to the ISO 14001:2015 standard, this guide uses the major groups of environmental regulatory standards in the United States for air and water quality, waste management, release prevention, and toxic materials use reduction, in order to organize the compliance analysis framework.1.2.3 This guide derives general information about regulatory requirements from common elements of Federal, State and local programs, including statutes, regulations, guidance and policies. Since agencies may have overlapping authorities and different emphasis for particular issues such as waste management, the user should consult the applicable program for detailed interpretation of specific requirements in a particular jurisdiction.1.2.4 Pollution prevention generally refers to source reduction as a preferred option as opposed to other less preferable alternatives, such as, re-use, recycling, treatment, or disposal/release. ISO 14001:2015 Clause 8.1 requires that “consistent with a life cycle perspective”, the organization shall take a number of actions as a part of operational controls and planning activities including establishing controls, determining its environmental requirements for procurement, communicating its relevant environmental requirements as well as considering the need to provide information about potential significant environmental impacts, inter alia. Further, ISO 14001:2015 Clause 9.1.2 explicitly requires that “…organization shall establish, implement, and maintain the process(es) needed to evaluate fulfillment of its compliance obligations…” This guide compliments and supports actions required under ISO 14001:2015 by establishing a well-documented process for environmental compliance performance assessment.1.2.5 Pollution prevention is a specific term used in United States environmental compliance management programs. The term usually refers to source reduction actions. Unlike the term “prevention of pollution,” which is used in certain international environmental management standards, pollution prevention does not generally include end-of-pipe or top-of-stack control actions.1.3 Limitations of this Guide—Given the variability of the different types of facilities that may wish to use this guide, and the existence of State and Local regulations that may impose requirements greater than those required by USEPA, it is not possible to address all the relevant standards that might apply to a particular facility. This guide uses generalized language and examples to guide the user. If it is not clear to the user how to apply standards to their specific circumstances, it is recommended that users seek assistance from qualified professionals. An Environmental Regulatory Compliance Audit, such as Practice E2107, may assist a facility with areas of non-compliance and potential liabilities. This can be a starting point for development of facility specific environmental compliance management programs.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice contains a mechanism to determine that the hazardous constituents have been remediated to an acceptable level.This practice assists both the regulator and the owner/operator in establishing cost-effective steps and procedures necessary to determine if the site has achieved its objective for site closure.This practice can be applied to hazardous and nonhazardous spills or leaks, surface impoundments, waste piles, buildings, and tanks. The general nature of this practice allows its use in a large variety of situations.1.1 This practice covers the steps necessary to determine if a site is ready for closure with emphasis on general sampling techniques and how to determine if the agreed upon level of remediation has been achieved.1.2 A minimum of statistical procedures is used in this practice.1.3 The standard practice does not address radioactive waste sites nor does it cover every situation that can occur in the field. It does cover the following general sampling techniques: soil sampling, swipe sampling of buildings and equipment, surface impoundments, waste piles, and layered tanks. It does not cover drum sampling, general water sampling and monitoring wells and their construction.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. the values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1 Scope This International Standard provides guidance on how to conduct an EASO through a systematic process of identifying environmental aspects and environmental issues and determining, if appropriate, their business consequences. This Internationa

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5.1 This practice provides a means for the users of ASTM Committee D02 standards to monitor the drift in sensed temperature of liquid-in-glass thermometer (LiG), and digital contact thermometers (DCT). Digital contact thermometers are sometimes referred to as portable electronic thermometers (PET) or simply digital thermometers.5.2 This practice is not suitable for determining the accuracy or calibration of a temperature-measuring device as the error in the ice bath temperature can be greater than 0.02 °C. For greater accuracy, the user should use Practice E563 to prepare the ice bath.5.3 The ice point is a common practical industrial reference point of thermometry. The ice point is relatively simple to realize and provides a readily available natural fixed-point reference temperature.5.4 This practice only checks the measurement drift at a single temperature. It will not detect a change in measurement response with change in temperature. Temperature-measuring devices should be recalibrated at set intervals. See device supplier for recommendations.5.5 This practice provides a technique to determine minimum immersion depth of the sensing probe of the thermometer using an ice bath. The minimum immersion depth determined by this practice may change when the differential temperature differs significantly from the conditions described. A greater differential will likely increase the minimum immersion depth.1.1 This practice describes two procedures for use with temperature measurement devices. Methodology is described for determining minimum immersion depth for thermal sensors, in particular RTDs or similar temperature sensors. Included is a procedure for consistently preparing a reference bath for the purpose of monitoring measurement drift of thermal sensors such as liquid-in-glass or digital contact thermometers.1.2 This practice focuses on temperature measurement drift in a laboratory. If the user requires greater measurement accuracy, then they should follow the instructions in Practice E563.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice establishes a standard impact assessment methodology to enable entities to uniformly ascertain and communicate impact levels associated with the potential loss of MDSDs. This practice is not intended to prescribe specific information security policies for entities or organizations. This practice assumes that individuals and entities are following all relevant information security policies as required by federal or state law, the terms of applicable government contracts, specific agency policies such as the National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM), and entity-specific policies.This practice assumes, but does not require, that entities have devised and are maintaining a system of internal controls over MDSDs in accordance with the section on Management of Property of Practice E 2279.This practice assumes, but does not require, that the results of this impact assessment will inform future actions and help entities determine cost-effective property control measures for MDSDs commensurate with the potential consequences of their loss in accordance with the section on Management of Property of Practice E 2279.This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the risk associated with MDSDs and, by assigning a rating to the impact of loss, enables comparisons on this basis to other MDSDs rated using the same practice.This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.1.1 This practice describes a methodology for assessing and quantifying the impact of the loss of mobile data storage devices (MDSDs), for example, thumb drives, auxiliary hard drives, and other property containing personally identifiable information or other entity sensitive information.1.2 This practice is based on two concepts:1.2.1 Identifying the MDSDs that pose the greatest risk to the organization based on both the information that is stored on them and the location in which they are used, and1.2.2 Determining the impact of the potential loss of specific MDSDs. In general, this impact assessment is best practiced as a part of a larger risk management process. While this practice does not address this larger topic, it may inform other risk management standards.1.3 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.1.4 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E 2279, this practice clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard standard; fixed procedures are not established. Limitations of data, available tests and models, and scientific knowledge may constitute significant constraints on the fire-hazard-assessment procedure.4.3 While the focus of this guide is on developing fire-hazard-assessment standards for products, the general concepts presented also may apply to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings.4.4 When developing fire-risk-assessment standards, use Guide E1776. The present guide also contains some of the guidance to develop such a fire-risk assessment standard.1.1 This guide covers the development of fire-hazard-assessment standards.1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.1.3 Fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment are both procedures for assessing the potential for harm caused by something–the subject of the assessment–when it is involved in fire, where the involvement in fire is assessed relative to a number of defined fire scenarios.1.4 Both fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment provide information that can be used to address a larger group of fire scenarios. Fire-hazard assessment provides information on the maximum potential for harm that can be caused by the fire scenarios that are analyzed or by any less severe fire scenarios. Fire-risk assessment uses information on the relative likelihood of the fire scenarios that are analyzed and the additional fire scenarios that each analyzed scenario represents. In these two ways, fire-hazard assessment and fire-risk assessment allow the user to support certain statements about the potential for harm caused by something when it is involved in fire, generally.1.5 Fire-hazard assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize maximum potential for harm under worst-case conditions. Fire-risk assessment is appropriate when the goal is to characterize overall risk (average severity) or to characterize the likelihood of worst-case outcomes. It is important that the user select the appropriate type of assessment procedure for the statements the user wants to support.1.6 Fire-hazard assessment is addressed in this guide and fire-risk assessment is addressed in Guide E1776.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.9 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended for use by those undertaking the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. Such standards are expected to be useful to manufacturers, architects, specification writers, and authorities having jurisdiction.4.2 As a guide, this document provides information on an approach to the development of a fire hazard assessment standard; fixed procedures are not established. Any limitations in the availability of data, of appropriate test procedures, of adequate fire models, or in the advancement of scientific knowledge will place significant constraints upon the procedure for the assessment of fire hazard.4.3 The focus of this guide is on fire assessment standards for electrotechnical products. However, insofar as the concepts in this guide are consistent with those of Guide E1546, the general concepts presented also may be applicable to processes, activities, occupancies, and buildings. Guide E2061 contains an example of how to use information on fire-test-response characteristics of electrotechnical products (electric cables) in a fire hazard assessment for a specific occupancy (rail transportation vehicle).4.4 A standard developed following this guide should not attempt to set a safety threshold or other pass/fail criteria. Such a standard should specify all steps required to determine fire hazard measures for which safety thresholds or pass/fail criteria can be meaningfully set by authorities having jurisdiction.1.1 This guide provides guidance on the development of fire hazard assessment standards for electrotechnical products. For the purposes of this guide, products include materials, components, and end-use products.1.2 This guide is directed toward development of standards that will provide procedures for assessing fire hazards harmful to people, animals, or property.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.5 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Users of fire test data often need a quantitative indication of the quality of the data presented in a test report. This quantitative indication is referred to as the “measurement uncertainty”. There are two primary reasons for estimating the uncertainty of fire test results.5.1.1 ISO/IEC 17025 requires that competent testing and calibration laboratories include uncertainty estimates for the results that are presented in a report.5.1.2 Fire safety engineers need to know the quality of the input data used in an analysis to determine the uncertainty of the outcome of the analysis.1.1 This guide covers the evaluation and expression of uncertainty of measurements of fire test methods developed and maintained by ASTM International, based on the approach presented in the GUM. The use in this process of precision data obtained from a round robin is also discussed.1.2 The guidelines presented in this standard can also be applied to evaluate and express the uncertainty associated with fire test results. However, it may not be possible to quantify the uncertainty of fire test results if some sources of uncertainty cannot be accounted for. This problem is discussed in more detail in Appendix X2.1.3 Application of this guide is limited to tests that provide quantitative results in engineering units. This includes, for example, methods for measuring the heat release rate of burning specimens based on oxygen consumption calorimetry, such as Test Method E1354.1.4 This guide does not apply to tests that provide results in the form of indices or binary results (for example, pass/fail). For example, the uncertainty of the Flame Spread Index obtained according to Test Method E84 cannot be determined.1.5 In some cases additional guidance is required to supplement this standard. For example, the expression of uncertainty of heat release rate measurements at low levels requires additional guidance and uncertainties associated with sampling are not explicitly addressed.1.6 This fire standard cannot be used to provide quantitative measures.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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