5.1 Care must be exercised in the interpretation of the significance of compressive strength determinations by this test method since strength is not a fundamental or intrinsic property of concrete made from given materials. Values obtained will depend on the size and shape of the specimen, batching, mixing procedures, the methods of sampling, molding, and fabrication and the age, temperature, and moisture conditions during curing.5.2 This test method is used to determine compressive strength of cylindrical specimens prepared and cured in accordance with Practices C31/C31M, C192/C192M, C617/C617M, C943, C1176/C1176M, C1231/C1231M, and C1435/C1435M, and Test Methods C42/C42M, C873/C873M, and C1604/C1604M.5.3 The results of this test method are used as a basis for quality control of concrete proportioning, mixing, and placing operations; determination of compliance with specifications; control for evaluating effectiveness of admixtures; and similar uses.5.4 The individual who tests concrete cylinders for acceptance testing shall meet the concrete laboratory technician requirements of Practice C1077, including an examination requiring performance demonstration that is evaluated by an independent examiner.NOTE 1: Certification equivalent to the minimum guidelines for ACI Concrete Laboratory Technician, Level I or ACI Concrete Strength Testing Technician will satisfy this requirement.1.1 This test method covers determination of compressive strength of cylindrical concrete specimens such as molded cylinders and drilled cores. It is limited to concrete having a density in excess of 800 kg/m3 [50 lb/ft3].1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.(Warning—Means should be provided to contain concrete fragments during sudden rupture of specimens. Tendency for sudden rupture increases with increasing concrete strength and it is more likely when the testing machine is relatively flexible. The safety precautions given in R0030 are recommended.)1.4 The text of this standard references notes which provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers the establishment of the basic quality, physical/mechanical property, and test requirements for silicon nitride rollers Classes I, II, and III to be used for cylindrical roller bearings.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The dimensional, shape, and surface tolerances of rock core test specimens are important for determining rock properties of intact specimens. This is especially true for strong rocks, greater than 7250 psi (50 MPa) and for rock specimens that will be tested in stiff testing load frames without a spherical seat where non-uniform loading could occur. Dimensional and surface tolerance checks are required in the test methods listed in Section 2.1. To simplify test procedures in laboratories, the parts of those procedures that are common to the test methods in Section 2.1 are given in this standard.4.2 This procedure is applicable to all the standards listed in Section 2.1; however, specimens for Test Method D2936 do not need to be machined or to meet the specified tolerances for flatness and parallelism.4.3 The moisture condition of the specimen at the time of the sample preparation can have a significant effect upon the strength and deformation characteristics of the rock. Good practice generally dictates that laboratory tests be made upon a specimens’ representative of field conditions. Thus, it follows that the field moisture condition of the specimen should be preserved until the time of the test. In some instances, however, there may be reasons for testing specimens at other moisture contents, from saturation to dry. In any case, the moisture content of the test specimen should be tailored to the problem at hand.NOTE 3: Discussions on moisture content are common in many rock testing standards but professional judgement will be needed to both handle and report this issue. For example, when obtaining the samples or preparing the specimens, water or some other cooling agent may be required or used. Therefore, the moisture in the specimen or samples may not be what it was in situ; this applies to both water chemistry and quantity of fluids. This issue should be addressed, and a plan put in place for each step from the sampling to the testing phase in a manner that records/reports what steps were advised to successfully prepare testable samples. Usually a compromise between preserving in-situ conditions, costs, conditions outside the control of the laboratory and obtaining testable specimens is required. For example, loss of moisture that leads to the samples or specimens falling apart may be of greater concern than testing with in situ water or at the in situ water content or both.4.4 Excess moisture will affect the adhesion of resistance strain gages, if used, and the accuracy of their performance. Adhesives used to bond the rock to steel end caps and fixtures for attaching specimens to actuators and crosshead of the load frame in the direct tension test (D2936) will also be affected adversely by excess moisture.NOTE 4: The quality of the result produced by these practices is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling. Users of these practices are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 These practices specify procedures for preparing rock test specimen of rock core from drill core obtained in the field or from block samples for strength and deformation testing and for determining the conformance of the test specimen dimensions with tolerances established by this practice. Cubical, rectangular, or other shapes are not covered by this practice. However, some of the information contained within this practice and in standard Test Method C170 may still be of use to preparing other test specimen shapes.1.2 Rock is a complex engineering material that can vary greatly as a function of lithology, stress history, weathering, moisture content and chemistry, and other natural geologic processes. As such, it is not always possible to obtain or prepare rock core specimens that satisfy the desirable tolerances given in this practice. Most commonly, this situation presents itself with weaker, more porous, and poorly cemented rock types and rock types containing significant or weak (or both) structural features. For rock types which are difficult to prepare, all reasonable efforts should be made to prepare a specimen in accordance with this practice and for the intended test procedure. However, when it has been determined by trial and error that this is not possible, prepare the rock specimen to the closest tolerances practicable and consider this to be the best effort (Note 1) and report it as such and if allowable or necessary for the intended test, capping the ends of the specimen as discussed in this practice is permitted.NOTE 1: Best effort in surface preparation refers to the use of a well-maintained, suitable surface grinder, lathe or lapping machine and any required ancillary equipment are utilized by an experienced operator and in which a reasonable number of attempts has been made to meet the tolerances required in this procedure.1.3 This practices covers some, but not all of the curatorial issues that should be implemented. For curatorial issues that should be followed before and during specimen preparation refer to Practices D5079 and to the specific test standards in 2.1 for which the specimens are being prepared.1.4 This practice also prescribes tolerance checks on the length-to-diameter ratio, straightness of the elements on the cylindrical surface, the flatness of the end bearing surfaces, and the perpendicularity of the end surfaces with the axis of the core.NOTE 2: This practice does not purport to cover all the issues that will or could be encountered that may control the quality of the specimen preparation required. Each laboratory may have their own issues, especially for different compression load frames or rock types. For example, stiff testing frames versus traditional load frames and loading platens with or without spherical seating. Specimens for a stiff testing load frame with no spherical seat may need to have more stringent requirements depending on the type of rock being tested. This procedure has tried to show the methods and QA that may be involved while keeping in mind those materials that are difficult to work with and for which the specimens will still be suitable to be tested. The available literature and input on this subject from D18.12 members were considered as much as possible for this standard.21.5 The requirement for specifying the moisture condition and volume of the test specimen is also stated. However, the requirements in the specific test standards in 2.1 should be followed too.1.6 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.6.1 The practices/procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.7 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Add if appropriate, “Reporting of test results in units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.”1.7.1 The slug unit of mass is typically not used in commercial practice; that is, density, balances, and so on. Therefore, the standard unit for mass in this standard is either kilogram (kg) or gram (g) or both. Also, the equivalent inch-pound unit (slug) is not given/presented in parentheses.1.7.2 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit for mass. However, the use of balances or scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 These practices offer a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides standardized requirements for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of test specimens of CLSM under field conditions by replicating a “field cure” of the material.5.1.1 If the specimens are field cured, as stipulated herein, the resulting compressive strength test data may be used for the following purposes:5.1.1.1 Acceptance testing for specified strength,5.1.1.2 Checking the adequacy of mixture proportions for strength,5.1.1.3 Quality control,5.1.1.4 Determining if the material can be put in service,5.1.1.5 Adequacy of curing.5.2 Compressive strength testing is performed to assist in the design of the mix and to serve as a quality control technique during construction. Mix design is typically based on 28-day strengths and construction control tests performed 7 days after placement. The compressive strength(s) and other test age(s) will vary according to the requirements for the end product. Additional information on the use and history of CLSM is contained in Appendix X1.5.3 This test is one of a series of quality control tests that can be performed on CLSM during construction to monitor compliance with specification requirements. The other tests that can be used during construction control of CLSM are Practice D5971/D5971M and Test Methods D6023, D6024/D6024M, and D6103/D6103M.5.4 There are many other combinations of soil, cement, fly ash (cementitious or not), admixtures, water or other materials that could be tested using this method. The mixtures will vary depending on the intended use, availability of materials, and placement requirements.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers procedures for the preparation, curing, transporting and testing of cylindrical test specimens of controlled low strength material (CLSM) for the determination of compressive strength.1.2 This test method covers CLSM materials that have a higher strength than the soil but less than 8400 kPa [1200 psi]. Typical strengths for most applications fall between 350 to 700 kPa [50 to 100 psi].1.3 The CLSM used to make the molded specimens shall be sampled after all on-site adjustments have been made to the mixture proportions, including the addition of mix water and any admixtures.1.4 This test method may be used to prepare and test cylindrical specimens of other mixtures of soil and cementitious materials, such as self-cementing fly ashes.1.5 CLSM is also known as flowable fill, controlled density fill, soil-cement slurry, soil-cement grout, unshrinkable fill, and other similar names.1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.6.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.7 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard.1.7.1 For purposes of comparing, a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits.1.7.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of a comparative measure of the resistance of thick-section materials to fracture under plane-strain conditions originating from a very sharp stress-concentrator or crack (Note 1). The quantity determined is the sharp-notch strength of a specimen of particular dimensions, and this value depends upon these dimensions as well as the characteristics of the material. The sharp-notch strength-to-yield strength ratio is also determined.Note 1—Direct measurements of the plane-strain fracture toughness may be made in accordance with Test Method E 399. Comparative measures of resistance to fracture for sheet and thin plate may be obtained in accordance with Test Method E 338.1.2 This test method is restricted to sharp machine-notched specimens (notch tip radii less than or equal to 0.018 mm (0.0007 in.)), and applies only to those materials (for example, aluminum and magnesium alloys) in which such sharp notches can be reproducibly machined.1.3 This test method is restricted to cylindrical specimens of two diameters as shown in . The 27.0-mm (1 1/16- in.) diameter specimen extends the range of application of this test method to higher toughness levels than could be accommodated by the 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) diameter specimen.1.4 This test method is restricted to materials equal to or greater than 12.7 mm (0.5 in.) in thickness. Since the notch strength depends on the specimen diameter and, within certain limits, on the length, comparison of various material conditions must be based on tests of specimens having the same nominal diameter and a test section length sufficient to prevent significant interaction between the stress field of the specimen heads and that of the sharp notch (see Fig. 1).1.5 The sharp-notch strength may depend strongly upon temperature within a certain range depending upon the characteristics of the material. This test method is suitable for tests at any appropriate temperature. However, comparisons of various material conditions must be based on tests conducted at the same temperature.1.6 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as the standard.Note 2—Further information on background and need for this type of test is given in the Fourth Report of ASTM Committee E-24 (1) on Fracture Testing, as well as other committee documents (2, 3, 4).1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The purpose of this practice is to describe a procedure for in-line-eddy-current examination of hot cylindrical bars in the range of diameters listed in 1.2 for large and repetitive discontinuities that may form during processing.5.2 The discontinuities in bar product capable of being detected by the electromagnetic method are listed in 1.3.1. The method is capable of detecting surface and some subsurface discontinuities that are typically in the order of 0.030 in. (0.75 mm) and deeper, but some shallower discontinuities might also be found.5.3 Discontinuities that are narrow and deep, but short in length, are readily detectable by both probe and encircling coils because they cause abrupt flux changes. Surface and subsurface discontinuities (if the electromagnetic frequency provides sufficient effective depth of penetration) can be detected by this method.5.3.1 Discontinuities such as scratches or seams that are continuous and uniform for the full length of cut length bars or extend for extensive linear distances in coiled product may not always be detected when encircling coils are used. These are more detectable with probe coils by intercepting the discontinuity in their rotation around the circumference.5.3.2 The orientation and type of coil are important parameters in coil design because they influence the detectability of discontinuities.5.4 The eddy current method is sensitive to metallurgical variations that occur as a result of processing, thus all received signals above the alarm level are not necessarily indicative of defective product.1.1 This practice covers procedures for eddy current examination of hot ferromagnetic bars above the Curie temperature where the product is essentially nonmagnetic, but below 2100 °F (1149 °C).1.2 This practice is intended for use on bar products having diameters of 1/2 in. (12.7 mm) to 8 in. (203 mm) at linear throughput speeds up to 24 000 ft/min (122 m/sec). Larger or smaller diameters may be examined by agreement between the using parties.1.3 The purpose of this practice is to provide a procedure for in-line eddy current examination of bars during processing for the detection of major or gross surface discontinuities.1.3.1 The types of discontinuities capable of being detected are commonly referred to as: slivers, laps, seams, roll-ins (scale, dross, and so forth), and mechanical damage such as scratches, scores, or indentations.1.4 This practice does not establish acceptance criteria. They must be specified by agreement between the using parties.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to establish appropriate safety, health, environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Splitting tensile strength is generally greater than direct tensile strength and lower than flexural strength (modulus of rupture).5.2 Splitting tensile strength is used in the design of structural lightweight concrete members to evaluate the shear resistance provided by concrete and to determine the development length of reinforcement.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens, such as molded cylinders and drilled cores.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 The text of this standard references notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the relative shrinkage or expansion of cementitious mixtures. It is particularly applicable to grouting, patching, and form-filling operations where the objective is to completely fill a cavity or other defined space with a freshly mixed cementitious mixture that will continue to fill the same space at time of hardening. It would be appropriate to use this test method as a basis for prescribing mixtures having restricted or specified volume change before the mixture becomes hard.4.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to provide information on volume changes taking place in cementitious mixtures between the time just after mixing and the time of hardening. However, the specimen used in this test method is not completely unrestrained so that the measurements are primarily useful for comparative purposes rather than as absolute values. Further, the degree of restraint to which the specimen is subjected varies with the viscosity and degree of hardening of the mixture.1.1 This test method covers the determination of change in height of cylindrical specimens from the time of molding until the mixture is hard.1.2 This test method covers height change measurements at early ages for cementitious mixtures of paste, grout, mortar, and concrete.1.3 This test method is intended for determination of changes in height that occur from the time of placement until the specimen is fully hard. These include shrinkage or expansion due to hydration, settlement, evaporation, and other physical and chemical effects.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined1.5 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This specification is designed to give some indication as to the differences in performance for various cylindrical sealant backings.5.2 Although this specification qualifies a cylindrical sealant backing for use, it does not address the compatibility of the backing with the sealants with which it will make contact. Sealant compatibility should be confirmed by the sealant manufacturer. Compatibility characteristics of sealants in contact with cylindrical sealant backings can be determined by Test Method C1087.AbstractThis standard specification covers the basic requirements for cylindrical sealant backing for use with cold liquid-applied sealants. Cylindrical sealant backings are classified into three types: type C, type O, and type B, composed predominantly of closed cell material, open cell material, and bi-cellular material, respectively. Test methods for cylindrical sealant backing include water absorption, density, outgassing, compression deflection and recovery, and tensile strength. The sealant shall be clean, free of scale, foreign matter, oil, or water.1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for cylindrical sealant backing to be used with cold liquid applied sealants for use in building seals.1.2 Cylindrical sealant backing serves one or more of the following functions:1.2.1 Limits the amount and depth of sealant applied into a joint,1.2.2 Acts as a bond breaker to allow joint movement without undue stress to the sealant,1.2.3 Provides a form to assist the sealant in developing the proper shape factor, and1.2.4 Acts as a barrier to the flow of sealant through the joint.1.3 The committee with jurisdiction over this standard is not aware of any comparable standards published by other ASTM committees or other organizations.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the creep behavior of intact cylindrical hard rock core specimens in uniaxial compression. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the strain as a function of time under sustained load. Hard rocks are those with maximum strain at failure of less than 2 %. Note 1Most hard brittle rocks fail in uniaxial compression at strain levels of less than 2 %.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Constant torque thermal cycling tests determine the effect of shear stress on the transformation properties such as transformation temperatures, actuation shear strain and residual shear strain of a shape memory alloy. This test is done to provide data for the characterization selection of shape memory alloy materials, quality control, design allowables and actuator design (1-3).5 The tests should be used for one thermal cycle but may be used for repeated thermal cycles as agreed upon between supplier and customer.4.2 Measurement of the specimen's motion closely parallels many shape memory actuator applications and provides a result that is applicable to the function of the material.4.3 This test method may be used for cylindrical specimens such as wire, round tube or bar forms. Thus, it is able to provide an assessment of the product in its semi-finished form.4.4 This test method provides a simple method for determining transformation temperatures by heating and cooling specimens through their full thermal transformation under torque.4.5 This test method may also be used to evaluate partial transformation cycles as set by the LCT and UCT and agreed upon between the user and customer. Examples of partial and full transformation thermal cycles are provided in Fig. 2.FIG. 2 Effects of Shear Stress and Upper Cycle Temperature on Test ResultsNOTE 1: A) UCT sufficient for complete Austenitic transformation. B) UCT not sufficient for complete Austenitic transformation. “τ” is the applied shear stress.4.6 This test method can be used on trained and processed material in a semi-finished form to measure Two Way Shape Memory Effect (TWSME) by comparing the shear strain at the LCT and UCT with a torque set such that the corresponding shear stress shall not exceed 7 MPa. For determining TWSME in this manner it is suggested that a full transformation cycle be performed in accordance with 5.7.4.7 This test method is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.4.8 Transformation temperatures derived from this test method may not agree with those obtained by other test methods due to the effects of shear strain and shear stress on the transformation.4.9 Components such as springs, specimens with non-circular cross-sections or other semi-finished parts can be tested using this method as agreed upon by the customer and supplier. Test parameters and results shall be determined with respect to torque and rotation measured at the ends of the active region of the specimen.1.1 This test method will define procedures for thermomechanical cycling of shape memory alloys (SMA) material and components with circular cross-sections under constant torque. This test method will measure the transformation properties such as transformation temperatures, actuation shear strain and residual shear strain, when a shape memory alloy is thermally cycled through the phase transformation under a constant applied torque. This test is done to provide data for the characterization selection of shape memory alloy materials, quality control, design allowables and actuator design.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method is intended to provide a means of assessing the ability of a hydraulic-cement grout to retain a stable volume during the stipulated testing period of 28 days, provided that the tendency to change height does not include the effects of drying caused by evaporation, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23.0 °C ± 2.0 °C [73 °F ± 3.5 °F] (Note 2). An exception is made when the options described in the section on test conditions are exercised.NOTE 2: This test method does not measure the change in height before setting (see Test Method C827/C827M).1.1 This test method covers measurement of the changes in height of hydraulic-cement grout by the use of 75 mm by 150 mm [3 in. by 6 in.] cylinders, when the cylinders are protected so that the tendency to change in height does not include evaporation so as to cause drying, uptake of moisture, carbonation, or exposure to temperatures outside the range 23 °C ± 2.0 °C [73 °F ± 3.5 °F] or, optionally, to another specified temperature controlled within ±2.0 °C [±3.5 °F].1.2 If desired, this test method can be adapted to studies of changes in height involving either schedules or environmental treatment different from the standard procedures prescribed by this test method.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposed skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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