1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to provide uniform contractions of terms relating to plastics. Abbreviated terminology has evolved through widespread common usage. This compilation has been prepared to avoid both the occurrence of more than one abbreviated term for a given plastics term and multiple meanings for abbreviated terms.1.2 The scope of these abbreviated terms includes plastics terms pertaining to composition and relating to type or kind according to mode of preparation or principle distinguishing characteristics. Also included are abbreviated terms for terms relating to copolymers, blends and alloys of plastics, and additives such as plasticizers, fillers, etc.NOTE 1: A code relating to the composition of rubbers is given in Practice D1418.1.3 No attempt is made here to systematize formally a shorthand terminology for polymers. Terminology, including nomenclature, codes, symbols, and formula designations for use in scientific literature in the field of natural and synthetic polymers, are being studied and standardized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.21.4 These abbreviated terms are by no means all-inclusive of plastics terminology. They represent, in general, those terms that have come into established use. Since it is recognized that abbreviated terms serve no useful purpose unless they are generally accepted and used, no attempt has been made to establish a rigorous code for devising standard abbreviated terms. This would result in awkward departures from established usage of existing and accepted abbreviated terms and lead to cumbersome combinations in the future, which would not be likely to receive widespread acceptance. The abbreviated terms now in use have grown naturally out of the need for convenient, readily comprehended shorthand for long chemical names. This process can be expected to continue along the natural lines of least resistance and will serve as a basis for further standardization as the need arises. A general guide for the preparation of abbreviated terms appears desirable, however, to facilitate more organized and uniform standardization in the future. An appendix is attached, which suggests a uniform way to prepare abbreviated terms.1.5 Note that the uppercase letter F should be used to designate phosphate and that other elements may also be designated F.1.6 An abbreviated term (FR) and code numbers are provided to identify classes of materials used as flame retardants added to plastics. The system is provided for use in situations where marking of plastics products is desired.NOTE 2: Many of the abbreviated terms, codes, numbers, and symbols in ISO 1043 parts 1 through 4 and in ISO/DIS 1043-4 are the same as the corresponding item in ASTM D1600. D1600 includes a number of abbreviated terms that are not in ISO 1043.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 The information provided by this test method is useful for manufacturing quality control, technical service, and research purposes; and is required by various material specifications and for the calculation of optical absorptivity.4.2 Test Method D4218 is available for determining the carbon black content of polyethylene compounds if so desired.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the carbon black content in polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene plastics. Its use with acrylic or other polar monomer modifications which might affect the accuracy is not recommended. Determinations of carbon black content are made gravimetrically after pyrolysis of the sample under nitrogen. This test method is not applicable to compositions that contain nonvolatile pigments or fillers other than carbon black.1.1.1 This test method is not applicable to materials containing brominated flame retardant additives at the end.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO 6964-1986(E) address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method provides a means for comparing the corrosive potential of plastics and fillers in humid atmospheres.4.2 This test method is intended for use in research and evaluation.1.1 This test method is designed for use in obtaining the specific conductance of a water extract of plastics and fillers. The magnitude of this conductance, called the corrosivity index, is an index of the likelihood that, in a humid atmosphere, metal surfaces in contact with these materials can be corroded due to galvanic action or direct chemical attack.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a method for determining elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature, frequency or time, or both. A plot of the elastic modulus and loss modulus of material versus temperature provides a graphical representation of elasticity and damping as a function of temperature or frequency, respectively.5.2 This procedure can be used to locate transition temperatures of plastics, that is, changes in the molecular motions of a polymer. In the temperature ranges where significant changes occur, elastic modulus decreases rapidly with increasing temperature (at constant or near constant frequency) or increases with increasing frequency (at constant temperature). A maximum is observed for the loss modulus, as well as for the tan delta curve, in the transition region.5.3 This procedure can be used, for example, to evaluate by comparison to known reference materials or control materials:5.3.1 Degree of phase separation in multicomponent systems,5.3.2 Filler type, amount, pretreatment, and dispersion, and5.3.3 Effects of certain processing treatment.5.4 This procedure can be used to determine the following:5.4.1 Stiffness of polymer composites, especially as a function of temperature,5.4.2 Degree of polymer crystallinity, and5.4.3 Magnitude of triaxial stress state in the rubber phase of rubber modified polymers.5.5 This procedure is useful for quality control, specification acceptance, and research.5.6 Procedural modifications in material specifications take precedence to this practice. Therefore, consult the appropriate material specification before using this practice. Table 1 of Classification System D4000 lists the ASTM materials standards that currently exist.1.1 This practice is for general use in gathering and reporting dynamic mechanical data. It incorporates laboratory practice for determining dynamic mechanical properties of plastic specimens subjected to various oscillatory deformations on a variety of instruments of the type commonly called dynamic mechanical analyzers or dynamic thermomechanical analyzers.1.2 This practice is intended to provide means of determining the transition temperatures, elastic, and loss moduli of plastics over a range of temperatures, frequencies, or time, by free vibration and resonant or nonresonant forced vibration techniques. Plots of elastic and loss moduli are indicative of the viscoelastic characteristics of a plastic. These moduli are functions of temperature or frequency in plastics, and change rapidly at particular temperatures or frequencies. The regions of rapid moduli change are normally referred to as transition regions.1.3 The practice is primarily useful when conducted over a range of temperatures from −140°C to polymer softening and is valid for frequencies from 0.01 to 1000 Hz.1.4 This practice is intended for materials that have an elastic modulus in the range from 0.5 MPa to 100 GPa (73 psi to 1.5 × 107 psi).1.5 Discrepancies in results are known to arise when obtained under differing experimental conditions. Without changing the observed data, reporting in full (as described in this practice) the conditions under which the data were obtained will enable apparent differences observed in another study to be reconciled. An assumption of this technique is that testing is conducted in the region of linear viscoelastic behavior.1.6 Different modes of deformation, such as tensile, bending and shear, are used, as listed in the referenced test methods.1.7 Test data obtained by this practice are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.8 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 8.NOTE 1: This practice is equivalent to ISO 6721–1.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect of repetitions of the same magnitude of flexural stress on plastics by fixed-cantilever type testing machines, designed to produce a constant-amplitude-of-force on the test specimen each cycle. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the thermomechanical behavior of plastic compositions using a very small amount of material. Since small test specimen geometries are used, it is essential that the specimens be representative of the material being tested. The data obtained can be used for quality control and/or research and development purposes. For some classes of materials, such as thermosets, it can also be used to establish optimum processing conditions.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive means for determining thermomechanical characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of frequency, temperature, or time. Plots of moduli and tan delta of a material versus these variables can be used to provide a graphic representation indicative of functional properties, effectiveness of cure (thermosetting-resin systems), and damping behavior under specified conditions.5.2.1 Observed data are specific to experimental conditions. Reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data was obtained is essential to assist users with interpreting the data an reconciling apparent or perceived discrepancies.5.3 This test method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 The modulus as a function of temperature or aging, or both,5.3.2 The modulus as a function of frequency,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatment, including orientation, induced stress, and degradation of physical and chemical structure,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure and damping,5.3.5 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on elastic modulus,5.3.6 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance,5.3.7 The effects of annealing on modulus and glass transition temperature,5.3.8 The effect of aspect ratio on the modulus of fiber reinforcements, and5.3.9 The effect of fillers, additives on modulus and glass transition temperature.5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, refer to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM material specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method outlines the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determining and reporting the viscoelastic properties of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The elastic modulus data generated is used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition.1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the viscoelastic properties of a wide variety of plastics using nonresonant, forced-vibration techniques as outlined in Practice D4065. In particular, this method identifies the procedures used to measure properties using what is known as a dual-cantilever beam flexure arrangement. Plots of the elastic (storage) modulus, loss (viscous) modulus, and complex modulus, and tan delta as a function of frequency, time, or temperature are indicative of significant transitions in the thermomechanical performance of the polymeric material systems.1.3 This test method is valid for a wide range of frequencies, typically from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.1.4 Test data obtained by this test method are relevant and appropriate for use in engineering design.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method provides information regarding the behavior of cellular materials under compressive loads. Test data is obtained, and from a complete load-deformation curve it is possible to compute the compressive stress at any load (such as compressive stress at proportional-limit load or compressive strength at maximum load) and to compute the effective modulus of elasticity.4.2 Compression tests provide a standard method of obtaining data for research and development, quality control, acceptance or rejection under specifications, and special purposes. The tests cannot be considered significant for engineering design in applications differing widely from the load - time scale of the standard test. Such applications require additional tests such as impact, creep, and fatigue.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or a combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compressive properties of rigid cellular materials, particularly expanded plastics.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method and ISO 844 are technically equivalent.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This practice involves the concentration of sunlight by a system of plane mirrors, arranged to simulate a parabolic trough focused on an air-cooled target board on which the test specimens are mounted. Exposure cycles with and without water spray that are commonly used for this method are described in Table 1. Other exposure cycles not listed in Table 1 can be used, upon consensual agreement between interested parties.(A) This is the cycle specified in Procedure C of Practice D4141/D4141M.4.1.1 Accelerated outdoor exposure tests performed using this practice in an absence of a programmed moisture cycle are intended to simulate conventional exposure testing on racks facing the equator in desert and arid regions.4.1.2 Accelerated outdoor exposure tests performed using this practice with a programmed moisture cycle shall possess the feature of spraying high purity water on the specimens in a regular, periodic fashion that is intended to simulate the results of conventional exposure testing on fixed racks facing the equator in subtropical, semi-humid, and temperate regions. Water-spray cycles that are recommended by this practice are given in Table 1.4.2 The effectiveness of the Fresnel-reflector accelerated outdoor weathering test machines depends primarily on the amount and character of the UV in the direct-beam component of sunlight.NOTE 2: Use of the apparatus in regions of moderate- to high-diffuse irradiance will reduce the test machine's effectiveness substantially for providing concentrated UV in the target (specimen) area.4.3 Testing to specific levels (quantities) of solar ultraviolet radiant exposure is recommended. Elapsed time exposure-level determinations shall not be used for testing with this practice. Testing to specific levels of UV irradiation, whether to total UV or within selected wavebands, is an effective method for improving agreement between wintertime and summertime testing on the Fresnel-reflector weathering-test machines. Other seasonal factors such as temperature and time of wetness can affect the weathering of test specimens significantly.4.4 The weathering machines described provide for specimen cooling that reduces thermal problems in most materials. It is recommended that monthly temperature measurements be performed on heat-sensitive plastics to record the typical monthly test specimen temperatures.NOTE 3: It is possible for heat-sensitive plastic materials and thick specimens that are self-insulating to exhibit thermal-induced degradation that is unrealistic compared to natural weathering. Clear, thin-film photodegradable plastics are not recommended for testing with this practice for this reason.4.5 Since the natural environment varies with respect to time, geography, and topography, it can be expected that the effects of natural exposure will vary accordingly. Furthermore, all materials are not affected equally by increased irradiance and temperature. The quantitative correlation between exposures conducted in accordance with this practice and those conducted under specified natural exposure conditions will therefore vary with the type and composition of the material.4.6 While reference materials tested in accordance with this practice and Practices G7/G7M and D1435 are useful for providing information on the relationship between accelerated and real-time tests, the acceleration factor found for the reference material cannot be used to extrapolate results of the accelerated test to predict lifetimes under natural exposure except for the specific material for which the relationship has been established.1.1 This practice covers the use of Fresnel-reflecting concentrators that use the sun as a source of ultraviolet (UV) and longer wavelength radiation. Such devices are used in the outdoor accelerated exposure testing of plastics.1.2 This practice provides a procedure for performing outdoor accelerated exposure testing of plastics using a Fresnel-reflector outdoor accelerated weathering test machine. The apparatus is described herein and in Practice G90 more completely.1.3 This practice is applicable to a range of plastic materials including, but not limited to, plastic films, sheets, laminates, and extruded and molded products in a variety of shapes and sizes, as specified in 8.2 and 8.3.1.4 This practice describes test conditions that attempt to simulate plastics exposures in desert and subtropical climates. Specimen preparation, property testing procedures, and the evaluation of results are covered in existing test methods or specifications for specific materials.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 7.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 877-3: 2009.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 If the material to be tested includes forming skins, the apparent overall density, or the apparent core density, or both, shall be determined. If the material does not have forming skins, the term overall density is not applicable.4.2 This test method is also applicable to spray foam materials.4.3 Before proceeding with this test method, reference shall be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the relevant ASTM materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no relevant ASTM material specifications, then the default conditions in this method apply.4.4 When density or apparent density is used in reference to a cellular plastic, without further qualification, it shall be interpreted as follows:4.4.1 density—shall be interpreted as being the apparent overall density if the material is to be used with forming skins intact.4.4.2 density—shall be interpreted as the apparent core density if the forming skins have been, or will be, removed before the material is used.1.1 This test method covers the density of a cellular plastic. Density can be evaluated as the apparent overall density (includes forming skins) or by apparent core density (forming skins removed).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 845.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method measures a fundamental property of matter which is useful for the control of purity and composition for simple identification purposes, and for optical parts design. This test method is capable of readability to four figures to the right of the decimal point.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring the index of refraction of transparent organic plastic materials.1.2 A refractometer method is presented. This procedure will satisfactorily cover the range of refractive indices found for such materials. Refractive index measurements require optically homogeneous specimens of uniform refractive index.NOTE 1: This test method and ISO 489 are technically equivalent.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 Identification and Quantitation of Phthalates—DBP, BBP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP, and DIDP are representative of the phthalates either banned or being monitored by a variety of regulations. Regulations include: EU—Directive 2005/84/EC, US—Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 – section 108, Japan—Health, Labor and Welfare Ministry guideline No. 336 (2010) and IEC 62321-8:2017. These test methods provide a procedure to identify and quantify phthalates in PVC.5.2 Other techniques successfully used to separate and identify phthalates in PVC include GC/MS, HPLC/UV, HPLC/MS, FTIR, and GC/FID (flame ionization detector).1.1 This test method provides a procedure to identify and quantify phthalates by thermal desorption (TD) gas chromatography (GC) mass spectrometry (MS). Six phthalates are used to demonstrate the use of the procedure: BBP, DBP, DEHP, DNOP, DINP and DIDP.1.2 Within the context of this method, “low level” is defined as 1000 ppm.1.3 The values in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This test method includes references, notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in the tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: The method can be extended to include other ortho-phthalates in a number of polymeric substrates.NOTE 2: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This test method establishes standard procedure for determining the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular plastics in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed. Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens: Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen; Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.; Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate. This test method requires the use of the following apparatuses: a constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type testing machine; self-aligning type grips for holding test specimens; an extension indicator; and a lathe specimen cutter.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile and tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in the form of test specimens of standard shape under defined conditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machine speed.1.2 Tensile properties shall be measured using any of three types of specimens:1.2.1 Type A shall be the preferred specimen in those cases where enough sample material exists to form the necessary specimen.1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when only smaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the determination of tensile adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to a substrate as in a sandwich panel (top and bottom substrate) or the bonding strength of a cellular plastic to a single substrate.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 799元 / 折扣价： 712 元 加购物车

定价： 525元 / 折扣价： 468 元 加购物车