1.1 This practice covers a procedure for the collection of particulate contamination in the analysis of cleanliness of man-accessible propellant tanks and storage vessels. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (See hazard statement, Section 5.

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1.1 This test method provides a procedure for the determination of nitrogen in titanium and titanium alloys in concentrations from 0.007 to 0.11 %.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in 7.8 and Section 8.

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5.1 The relative simplicity of the test method makes it applicable for a wide range of materials (4, 5). The technique is capable of fast measurements, making it possible to take data before the materials suffer thermal degradation. Alternatively, it is possible to study the effect of compositional changes such as chemical reaction or aging (6). Short measurement times permit generation of large amounts of data with little effort. The line-source probe and the accompanying test specimen are small in size, making it possible to subject the sample to a wide range of test conditions. Because this test method does not contain a numerical precision and bias statement, it shall not be used as a referee test method in case of dispute.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the thermal conductivity of plastics over a temperature range from –40 to 400°C. It is possible to measure the thermal conductivity of filled and unfilled thermoplastics, thermosets, and rubbers in the range from 0.08 to 2.0 W/m.K.1.2 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish proper safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Geomembranes are used as barriers to prevent liquids from leaking from landfills, ponds, and other containments. For this purpose, it is desirable that the geomembrane have as little leakage as practical.4.2 The liquids may contain contaminants which, if released, can cause damage to the environment. Leaking liquids can erode the subgrade, causing further damage. Leakage can result in product loss or otherwise prevent the installation from performing its intended containment purpose.4.3 Geomembranes are often assembled in the field, either by unrolling and welding panels of the geomembrane material together in the field, unfolding flexible geomembranes in the field, or a combination of both.4.4 Geomembrane leaks can be caused by poor quality of the subgrade, poor quality of the material placed on the geomembrane, accidents, poor workmanship, manufacturing defects, and carelessness.4.5 Electrical leak location methods are an effective and proven quality assurance measure to detect and locate leaks.1.1 This practice is a performance-based standard for an electrical method for locating leaks in exposed conductive-backed geomembranes. For clarity, this practice uses the term “leak” to mean holes, punctures, tears, knife cuts, seam defects, cracks, and similar breaches in an installed geomembrane (as defined in 3.2.7).1.2 This practice can be used for conductive-backed geomembranes installed in basins, ponds, tanks, ore and waste pads, landfill cells, landfill caps, canals, and other containment facilities. It is applicable for conductive-backed geomembranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bituminous geomembrane, and any other electrically insulating materials. This practice is best applicable for locating conductive-backed geomembrane leaks where the proper preparations have been made during the construction of the facility.1.3 For electrical leak location of conductive-backed geomembranes using methods in lieu of or in addition to the spark testing method, the installation must be electrically isolated (as defined in 3.2.5).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 The spark test may produce an electrical spark and therefore should only be used where an electrical spark would not create a hazard. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Sulfur oxide gases are produced during the combustion of materials containing sulfur. These gases are precursors of atmospheric sulfuric acid, which has been shown to be injurious to living creatures and plants, as well as some inanimate materials such as metals, limestone and sandstone building materials.5.2 Sulfur dioxide is moderately toxic and strongly phytotoxic to many species. Permissible ambient levels of SO2 have been established by law.5.3 When it is necessary to establish whether ambient air concentrations of sulfuric acid precursors, such as sulfur oxides, are present and to comply with legal criteria, manual and automatic monitoring systems specific for the individual sulfur species are used. Likely locations for monitoring sites for the estimation of concentrations and concentration trends over long periods of time can be screened conveniently using the PbO2 candles or sulfation plates.5.4 Atmospheric corrosion of metallic materials is a function of many weather and atmospheric variables. The effect of specific corrodants, such as SO2, can accelerate the atmospheric corrosion of metals or structures significantly. The PbO2 candle and sulfation plate test methods provide simple techniques to monitor SO2 levels in the atmosphere independently to yield a weighted average result.5.5 The results of these test methods are useful for characterizing atmospheric corrosion test sites regarding the effective average concentrations of SO2 in the atmosphere at these locations.5.6 These test methods are useful for determining microclimatic seasonal and long-term variations in effective average SO2 concentrations.5.7 The results of these test methods may be used in correlations of atmospheric corrosion rates with atmosphere data to determine the sensitivity of the corrosion rate to the SO2 level.5.8 These test methods may also be used with other test methods to characterize the atmosphere at sites at which buildings or other construction are planned in order to determine the extent of protective measures required for the materials of construction.1.1 These test methods describe the evaluation of the total sulfation activity in the atmosphere. Because of its oxidizing power, lead dioxide (PbO2) converts not only sulfur dioxide (SO2), but other compounds, such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulfide, into sulfate. It fixes sulfur trioxide and sulfuric acid mist present in the atmosphere (see Note 1).1.2 Test Method A describes the use of a PbO2 candle, and Test Method B describes that of a PbO2 sulfation plate.21.3 These test methods provide a weighted average effective SO2 level for a 30-day interval.1.4 The results of these test methods correlate approximately with volumetric SO2 concentrations, although the presence of dew or condensed moisture tends to enhance the capture of SO2 onto the candle or plate.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. The values given in brackets are for information only and may be approximate.NOTE 1: It has been shown that the rate constant of the chemical reaction between SO2 and PbO2 is independent of the concentration of SO2 up to levels of 1000 ppm(v), if 15 % or less of the PbO2 has been reduced (1).3 15 % of the PbO2 is equivalent to 11 to 12 mg of SO2/cm2 per day.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The density of polyethylene is a conveniently measurable property which is frequently useful as a means of following physical changes in a sample, as an indication of uniformity among samples, and as a means of identification.4.2 This test method is designed to yield results with a precision of ±0.08 % or better.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density of polyethylene through the utilization of ultrasound equipment.1.2 This test method is based on the distinct behaviors of the amorphous and crystalline phases of polyethylene in response to ultrasound. Polyethylene shall be viewed as a composite structure where high-density crystalline regions are connected by lower-density amorphous material. The ratio of crystalline to amorphous material determines the final density of the material. The amorphous and crystalline phases exhibit very distinct behaviors with regard to the propagation of sound waves. The propagation characteristics in the composite will depend on the relative amount of the two phases (the degree of crystallinity).1.3 Inorganic materials increase density as measured by Test Methods D792 and D1505, but they have little or no effect on ultrasonic density. The ultrasonic measurement is basically a base resin density.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Precision equipment and high pressure hydraulic machinery require filtered lubricants and fluids to prevent damage from the circulation of hard particulate contaminants. Three types of particulate contaminants are present in lubricants and hydraulic fluids: built in contaminants from the machinery assembly process, generated contaminants from equipment wear, and contaminants that enter from external sources.5.2 The ability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids to retain their filterability is critical for efficient and reliable machine performance. Normally, the pressure differential across a filter will increase gradually as the filter accumulates dirt, sludge, and wear debris. In order to prevent the filter from collapsing, bypass valves in the filter assembly open when the differential pressure gets too high. If a filter becomes blocked by precipitating additives or other contaminants, the bypass valve will open. This can lead to an equipment shutdown or circulation of damaging particles throughout the machine.1.1 This test method covers determination of the dry filterability of lubricants and hydraulic fluids based upon mass flow rate measurements through a 0.8 µm membrane after ageing (Note 1). The procedure applies to lubricants and hydraulic fluids that are formulated with American Petroleum Institute (API) Group I, II, III, IV, and certain V base stocks. Products formulated with water or base stocks that are heavier than water are out of scope.NOTE 1: This test method is similar to ISO 13357 but differs from the ISO method in the manner by which filterability is assessed. In ISO 13357, volume flow rates are used to determine filterability. In this test method, mass flow rates are used. Measurements of filterability based on mass flow rates facilitate automation and can be less susceptible to operator error.NOTE 2: Residual water due to atmospheric conditions or contaminants is in scope for these samples and it is typically low for most in process samples.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is useful for characterizing material microstructure or measuring variations in microstructure that occur because of material processing conditions and thermal, mechanical, or chemical exposure (3). When applied to monolithic or composite ceramics, the procedure should reveal microstructural gradients due to density, porosity, and grain variations. This practice may also be applied to polycrystalline metals to assess variations in grain size, porosity, and multiphase constituents.5.2 This practice is useful for measuring and comparing microstructural variations among different samples of the same material or for sensing and measuring subtle microstructural variations within a given sample.5.3 This practice is useful for mapping variations in the attenuation coefficient and the attenuation spectrum as they pertain to variations in the microstructure and associated properties of monolithic ceramics, ceramic composites and metals.5.4 This practice is useful for establishing a reference database for comparing materials and for calibrating ultrasonic attenuation measurement equipment.5.5 This practice is not recommended for highly attenuating monolithics or composites that are thick, highly porous, or that have rough or highly textured surfaces. For these materials Practice E664/E664M may be appropriate. Guide E1495/E1495M is recommended for assessing attenuation differences among composite plates and laminates that may exhibit, for example, pervasive matrix porosity or matrix crazing in addition to having complex fiber architectures or thermomechanical degradation (3). The proposed ASTM Standard Practice for Measuring Ultrasonic Velocity in Advanced Ceramics (C1331) is recommended for characterizing monolithic ceramics with significant porosity or porosity variations (4).1.1 This practice describes a procedure for measurement of ultrasonic attenuation coefficients for advanced structural ceramic materials. The procedure is based on a broadband buffered piezoelectric probe used in the pulse-echo contact mode and emitting either longitudinal or shear waves. The primary objective of this practice is materials characterization.1.2 The procedure requires coupling an ultrasonic probe to the surface of a plate-like sample and the recovery of successive front surface and back surface echoes (refer to Fig. 3). Power spectra of the echoes are used to calculate the attenuation spectrum (attenuation coefficient as a function of ultrasonic frequency) for the sample material. The transducer bandwidth and spectral response are selected to cover a range of frequencies and corresponding wavelengths that interact with microstructural features of interest in solid test samples.1.3 The purpose of this practice is to establish fundamental procedures for measurement of ultrasonic attenuation coefficients. These measurements should distinguish and quantify microstructural differences among solid samples and therefore help establish a reference database for comparing materials and calibrating ultrasonic attenuation measurement equipment.1.4 This practice applies to monolithic ceramics and also polycrystalline metals. This practice may be applied to whisker reinforced ceramics, particulate toughened ceramics, and ceramic composites provided that similar constraints on sample size, shape, and finish are met as described herein for monolithic ceramics.1.5 This practice sets forth the constraints on sample size, shape, and finish that will assure valid attenuation coefficient measurements. This practice also describes the instrumentat- ion, methods, and data processing procedures for accomplishing the measurements.1.6 This practice is not recommended for highly attenuating materials such as very thick, very porous, rough-surfaced monolithics or composites. This practice is not recommended for highly nonuniform, heterogeneous, cracked, defective, or otherwise flaw-ridden samples that are unrepresentative of the nature or inherent characteristics of the material under examination.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The 25-mm [1-in.] deflection IFD method is recommended for production screening and quality control on full size cushions only.4.2 Applicable cushion thicknesses to be tested by this test method are only those listed in this test method. Further research and development are required before this test method is applicable to other cushion thicknesses.4.3 This test method is designed to give a value approximating the 25 % IFD on a 100-mm [4-in.] thick piece of foam when the actual specimen thickness tested is within the ranges listed in the test method. In case of disagreement, the referee method is the IFD procedure in Test Methods D3574, Test B1. The user of this test method shall establish the correlation between this test method and the referee method.1.1 This test method covers a screening type quality control test used to determine if flexible polyurethane foam cushions are within the specified grade range for firmness.1.2 This test method is limited to foams with thicknesses that are 75 mm [3 in.] or greater.1.3 This test method is based on the fact that the traditional industry standard thickness for Indentation Force Deflection (IFD) is 100 mm [4 in.], and the traditional percent deflection for IFD acceptance and product planning is 25 %. With respect, then, to these traditional industry conventions, a 25 % deflection on a 100-mm [4-in.] cushion would be 25 mm [1 in.]. Thus, deflecting standard cushions (of proper 100 mm thickness) 25 mm [1 in.] provides a quick way to determine if the flexible polyurethane foam is within the specified grade range for 25 % IFD.1.4 Cushion thicknesses less than 75 mm [3 in.] shall not be tested for IFD using this test method.1.5 This test method is intended to provide a quick and simple method to screen flexible polyurethane foams for determination of its firmness grade.1.6 Units—The values stated in U.S. Customary or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This test method and ISO 2439 address the same subject matter, but differ in technical content.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Test Method—The pulse test method is used to determine the transmissivity and storativity of low-permeability formations surrounding the packed-off intervals. This test method is considerably shorter in duration than the pumping and slug tests used in more permeable rocks. To obtain results to the desired accuracy, pumping and slug tests in low-permeability formations are too time consuming, as indicated in Fig. 1 (from Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1)).4 5.2 transmissivity, T—the transmissivity of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows: where: K   =   equivalent formation hydraulic conductivity (efhc). The efhc is the hydraulic conductivity of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The hydraulic conductivity, K, is related to the equivalent formation, k, as follows: where: ρ   =   fluid density, μ   =   fluid viscosity, and g   =   acceleration due to gravity. 5.3 storativity, S—the storativity (or storage coefficient) of a formation of thickness, b, is defined as follows: where: Ss   =   equivalent bulk rock specific storage (ebrss). The ebrss is defined as the specific storage of a material if it were homogeneous and porous over the entire interval. The specific storage is given as follows: where: Cb   =   bulk rock compressibility, Cw   =   fluid compressibility, and n   =   formation porosity. 5.4 Analysis—The transient pressure data obtained using the suggested method are evaluated by the curve-matching technique described by Bredehoeft and Papadopulos (1), or by an analytical technique proposed by Wang et al (2). The latter is particularly useful for interpreting pulse tests when only the early-time transient pressure decay data are available. 5.5 Units:  5.5.1 Conversions—The permeability of a formation is often expressed in terms of the unit darcy. A porous medium has a permeability of 1 darcy when a fluid of viscosity 1 cP (1 mPa·s) flows through it at a rate of 1 cm3/s (10−6 m3/s)/1 cm2 (10−4 m2) cross-sectional area at a pressure differential of 1 atm (101.4 kPa)/1 cm (10 mm) of length. One darcy corresponds to 0.987 μm2. For water as the flowing fluid at 20°C, a hydraulic conductivity of 9.66 μm/s corresponds to a permeability of 1 darcy. Note 1: A darcy (or darcy unit) and millidarcy (md or mD) are units of permeability. They are not SI units, but are widely used in petroleum engineering and geology. A darcy has dimensional units in length. 5.5.2 Viscosity of Water—Table 1 shows the viscosity of water as a function of temperature. Note 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facility used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/observation/ and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not itself guarantee reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors. Note 3: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by Worthington (3) Smart, 1999 (4). Additional guidance can be found in D5717. 1.1 This test method covers a field procedure for determining the transmissivity and storativity of geological formations having permeabilities lower than 10−3 μm2 (1 millidarcy) using the pressure pulse technique. 1.2 The transmissivity and storativity values determined by this test method provide a good approximation of the capacity of the zone of interest to transmit water, if the test intervals are representative of the entire zone and the surrounding rock is fully water saturated. 1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are mathematical conversions provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard. 1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026, unless superseded by this standard. 1.4.1 For purposes of comparing a measured or calculated value(s) with specified limits, the measured or calculated value(s) shall be rounded to the nearest decimal or significant digits in the specified limits. 1.4.2 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these conditions. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The techniques described provide for the measurement of change in length of a fastener. Such measurements are made from one end of the specimen without requiring access to the rear surface.5.2 The Ultrasonic Pulse Echo technique is used to monitor changes in length of fasteners and as a tool for industrial quality control. Applications include fasteners used in turbines, petrochemical pressure vessels, aircraft, automotive manufacturing, general bolting within the nuclear industry, structural steel connections, and laboratory testing.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for measuring changes in length of threaded bolts using the ultrasonic pulse-echo technique.1.2 This procedure is normally intended for metal bolting 6.3 mm or more in nominal diameter with effective length-to-diameter ratios of 2:1 or greater.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides users with a procedure to determine the potential static segregation of self-consolidating concrete.NOTE 1: This test method may not be sufficiently rapid to evaluate self-consolidating concrete mixtures in the field before placement. Test Method C1712 provides a rapid method for assessing static segregation resistance of self-consolidating concrete.5.2 This test method shall be used to develop self-consolidating concrete mixtures with segregation not exceeding specified limits. Self-consolidating concrete is a fluid concrete that can be prone to segregation if not proportioned to be cohesive. A cohesive self-consolidating concrete is important for all applications but is especially critical for deep-section applications such as walls or columns. Therefore, the degree of segregation can indicate if a mixture is suitable for the application.NOTE 2: Some level of segregation is tolerable as long as the desired strength and durability performance is achieved.1.1 This test method covers the determination of static segregation of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) by measuring the coarse aggregate content in the top and bottom portions of a cylindrical specimen (or column).1.2 This test method is not applicable to self-consolidating concrete containing lightweight aggregate.1.3 This test method is applicable under laboratory and field conditions.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used for research, design, service evaluation, manufacturing control, and development. This test method quantitatively measures stress parameters that are used in a design or failure analysis that takes into account the effects of environmental exposure including that which occurs during processing, such as plating (8) (ASTM STP 962).5.2 For plating processes, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum operating stress for a given structure or product.5.3 For quality control purposes, an accelerated test is devised that uses a specified loading rate, which is equal to or lower than the loading rate necessary to determine the threshold stress (see 8.1).5.4 For fasteners, the value of σth-IHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid premature failure caused by residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing.5.5 For fasteners, the value of σth-EHE is used to specify quantitatively the maximum stress during installation and in service to avoid failure from hydrogen absorbed during exposure to a specific environment.5.6 To measure the relative susceptibility of steels to hydrogen pickup from various fabrication processes, a single, selected, discriminating rate is used to rank the resistance of various materials to hydrogen embrittlement.5.7 Annex A1 describes the application of this standard test method to hydrogen embrittlement testing of fasteners.1.1 This test method establishes a procedure to measure the susceptibility of steel to a time-delayed failure such as that caused by hydrogen. It does so by measuring the threshold for the onset of subcritical crack growth using standard fracture mechanics specimens, irregular-shaped specimens such as notched round bars, or actual product such as fasteners (2) (threaded or unthreaded) springs or components as identified in SAE J78, J81, and J1237.1.2 This test method is used to evaluate quantitatively:1.2.1 The relative susceptibility of steels of different composition or a steel with different heat treatments;1.2.2 The effect of residual hydrogen in the steel as a result of processing, such as melting, thermal mechanical working, surface treatments, coatings, and electroplating;1.2.3 The effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel caused by external environmental sources of hydrogen, such as fluids and cleaners maintenance chemicals, petrochemical products, and galvanic coupling in an aqueous environment.1.3 The test is performed either in air, to measure the effect if residual hydrogen is in the steel because of the processing (IHE), or in a controlled environment, to measure the effect of hydrogen introduced into the steel as a result of the external sources of hydrogen (EHE) as detailed in ASTM STP 543.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: The values stated in metric units may not be exact equivalents. Conversion of the inch-pound units by appropriate conversion factors is required to obtain exact equivalence.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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