5.1 This practice is intended for use in collecting samples of single and multilayered liquids, with or without solids, from drums or similar containers, including those that are unstable, ruptured, or otherwise compromised. Special handling procedures (for example, remote drum opening, over-pressurized drum opening, drum deheading, etc.) are described in Drum Handling Practices at Hazardous Waste Sites.1.1 This practice covers typical equipment and methods for collecting samples of single or multilayered liquids, with or without solids, in drums or similar containers. These methods are adapted specifically for sampling drums having a volume of 110 gal (416 L) or less. These methods are applicable to hazardous material, product, or waste. Specific sample collection and handling requirements should be described in the site-specific work plan.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2.4, 7.2.7.1, and Notes 1 and 2.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The test results provide an indication of the motor life of an electric vacuum cleaner in operating hours. The end of the motor life will be judged in accordance with Section 3.1.1 This test method is limited to evaluation of canister, hand-held, stick, and utility type vacuum cleaners without a driven agitator.1.2 This test method provides a test to determine operating life of the motor, before servicing is needed, by an accelerated laboratory procedure. The motor is tested while mounted and is operated in a vacuum cleaner.1.3 The values as stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are given for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of this practice presupposes that the failure criteria selected to evaluate materials (that is, the property or properties being measured as a function of exposure time) and the duration of the exposure can be shown to relate to the intended use of the materials.4.2 Plastic materials exposed to heat are subject to many types of physical and chemical changes. The severity of the exposures in both time and temperature determines the extent and type of change that takes place. A plastic material is not necessarily degraded by exposure to elevated temperatures. However, extended periods of exposure of plastics to elevated temperatures will generally cause some degradation, with progressive changes in physical properties. Specific properties and failure (or lifetime) criteria for these properties are typically chosen for the evaluation of thermal endurance.4.3 Generally, short exposures at elevated temperatures drive out volatiles such as moisture, solvents, or plasticizers, relieve molding stresses, advance the cure of thermosets, and may cause some change in color of the plastic or coloring agent, or both. Normally, additional shrinkage should be expected with loss of volatiles or advance in polymerization.4.4 Some plastic materials become brittle due to loss of plasticizers after exposure at elevated temperatures. Other types of plastics become soft and sticky, either due to sorption of volatilized plasticizer or due to breakdown of the polymer.4.5 The degree of change observed will depend on the property measured. Different properties, mechanical or electrical, may not change at the same rate. For instance, the arc resistance of thermosetting compounds improves up to the carbonization point of the material. Mechanical properties, such as flexural properties, are sensitive to heat degradation and may change at a more rapid rate. Ultimate properties such as strength or elongation are more sensitive to degradation than bulk properties such as modulus, in most cases.4.6 The material studied can change inherent behavior with change in temperature as for example when crossing α, β, and γ transitions. These transitions should be avoided both in the range of aging temperatures used, as well as in extrapolation of the lifeline. Arrhenius principles may only be used to accelerate a chemical mechanism if there are no fundamental changes in the material properties. With semi-crystalline and highly crystalline polymers, elevated temperatures may cause significant changes to the morphology of the material, invalidating or compromising that assumption.NOTE 2: Caution should be exercised in using the Arrhenius relation and knowledge of physical changes in the material at elevated temperatures is important. Guidance given in ISO 9080 for characterizing lifetime of plastic materials in pipe form by extrapolation suggests that the highest oven aging temperature should be at least 15°C lower than the Vicat softening temperature for glassy amorphous polymers, and at least 15°C lower than the melting point for semi-crystalline polymers.4.7 Effects of exposure can be quite variable, especially when specimens are exposed for long intervals of time. Factors that affect the reproducibility of data are the degree of temperature control of the enclosure, humidity of the oven, air velocity over the specimen, and period of exposure. Errors in exposure are cumulative with time. Certain materials are susceptible to the influence of humidity.4.8 It is not to be inferred that comparative material ranking is undesirable or unworkable. On the contrary, this practice is designed to provide data which can be used for such comparative purposes. However, the data obtained from this practice, since it does not account for the influence of stress or environment that is involved in most real life applications, must be used cautiously by the designer, who must inevitably make material choices using additional data such as creep and creep rupture that are consistent with the requirements of the specific application.4.9 It is possible for many CUT and TI values to exist. Therefore, for any application of the CUT or the TI (temperature index) to be valid, either the thermal aging program must duplicate the intended thermal exposure conditions of the end product, or the Arrhenius relation must apply.4.10 There can be very large errors when Arrhenius plots or equations based on data from experiments at a series of temperatures are used to estimate time to produce a defined property change at some lower temperature. This estimate of time to produce the property change or “failure” at the lower temperature is often called the “service life;” however, using this term should be avoided as this implies the tester has information on specific failure criteria in end-use, while numerous factors are not under the scope of this test. It is preferable to use terms such as “end point,” “thermal endurance time,” and such. Because of the errors associated with these calculations, this endurance time should be considered as “maximum expected” rather than “typical.”1.1 This practice is intended to define the exposure conditions for evaluating the thermal endurance of plastics when exposed solely to hot air for extended periods of time. Only the procedure for heat exposure is specified. The effect of elevated temperature on any particular property is determined by selection of the appropriate test method and test specimens for that property.1.2 This practice can be used as a guide to compare thermal aging characteristics of materials as measured by the change in some property of interest. The property of interest is measured at room temperature.1.3 This practice recommends procedures for comparing the thermal aging characteristics of materials at a single temperature. Recommended procedures for determining the thermal aging characteristics of a material using a series of elevated temperatures for the purpose of estimating endurance time to a defined property change at a lower temperature are also described; the applicability of the Arrhenius relation for making predictions to other temperatures, is assumed in this case.1.4 This practice does not predict thermal aging characteristics where interactions between stress, environment, temperature, and time control failure occur.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: This standard and ISO-2578 address the same subject matter but differ in technical content.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 These test methods provide a rapid, simple to apply method to detect small leaks in flexible package seals or walls at the leak rate level of greater than 1 × 10−4 sccs, thus providing a measure of package integrity. Porous barrier film packages made non-porous with an impermeable film forming coating may demonstrate lateral leakage through the barrier material. Verification of leakage differences from background leakage must be included in validation methods. The use of calibrated hole sizes or orifices may be appropriate to determine leakage sensitivity or barrier integrity for these materials.5.2 While theoretical leak rate sensitivity can be established by calculation, the test measurement is in pressure units and the measuring instrument must be calibrated, certified, and verified with these units.5.3 The pressure decay method of leak testing is a physical measure of package integrity. When testing medical packaging which must conform to ISO 11607–1: 2006 standards, it may necessary to verify the results of the pressure decay test method with other sterile package integrity test methods.5.4 Test Method A allows packages to be pressurized without restraint. In Test Method A the pouch, tray, or other type package will contain a volume of air defined by its mechanical configuration and its ability to resist internal pressure applied. This test method requires that the package reach a stable volume configuration (stop stretching) to make a measurement.5.5 Test Method B allows the use of rigid restraining plates against the walls of the package to limit its volume and stabilize the package volume.1.1 These test methods cover the measurement of leaks in nonporous film, foil, or laminate flexible pouches and foil-sealed trays, which may be empty or enclose solid product. If product is enclosed, seals or surfaces cannot be in contact with water, oils, or other liquid.1.2 These test methods will detect leaks at a rate of 1 × 10−4 sccs (standard cubic centimetres per second) or greater, in flexible packages. The limitation of leak rate is dependent on package volume as tested.1.3 The following test methods are included:1.3.1 Test Method A—Pressure Decay Leak Test for Flexible Packages Without Restraining Plates1.3.2 Test Method B—Pressure Decay Leak Test for Flexible Packages With Restraining Plates1.4 These test methods are destructive in that they require entry into the package to supply an internal pressure of gas, typically air or nitrogen, although other gases may be used. The entry connection into the flexible package must be leak-tight.1.5 For porous packages, see 9.3.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the basic requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc-flake composite corrosion protective coating systems for fasteners. The requirements apply to appearance, adhesion, corrosion resistance, blisters, thread fit, hydrogen embrittlement, and total coefficient of friction. The coating systems covered by this specification do not contain hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, or mercury. This specification is intended for corrosion protection of inch and metric series threaded fasteners as well as for non-threaded fasteners such as washers and pins. This specification also covers test methods, application, inspection, and certification.1.1 This specification covers the basic requirements for non-electrolytically applied zinc-flake composite corrosion protective coating systems for fasteners (See Note 1).NOTE 1: The coating systems do not contain hexavalent chromium, lead, cadmium, or mercury.1.2 This specification is intended for corrosion protection of inch and metric series threaded fasteners with minimum nominal diameters of 0.250 in. for inch series and [6.00 mm] for metric as well as for non-threaded fasteners such as washers and pins.1.3 This coating system may be specified to consist of a zinc-flake basecoat, or a zinc-flake basecoat and topcoat (See Note 2).NOTE 2: For threaded fasteners, the coating system will typically consist of a zinc-flake basecoat and topcoat.1.3.1 The basecoat is a zinc-rich material containing aluminum flakes dispersed in a compatible liquid medium. The zinc-flake basecoat may be specified to contain integral lubricant.1.3.2 Topcoats may be organic or inorganic in composition depending upon the specified requirements.1.3.2.1 Organic topcoats consist of polymer resins, aluminum, dispersed pigments, and are colored in their applied state.1.3.2.2 Inorganic topcoats consist of water-dispersed silicate compounds and are transparent in their applied state.1.3.2.3 Topcoats contain integral lubricants and are applied in conjunction with zinc-flake basecoats to form a coating system with enhanced performance attributes such as increased corrosion resistance, total coefficient of friction properties, chemical resistance, and color.1.4 These zinc-flake basecoats and topcoats are applied by conventional dip-spin, dip-drain, or spray methods to fasteners which can be handled through a cleaning, coating, and curing operation. The maximum curing temperature is 482 °F [250 °C].1.5 The friction properties of the coating system may be determined by a standard test to verify process control or by a part specific test which requires the purchaser to establish and communicate technical criteria.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1. Scope This International Standard applies to residual current operated circuit-breakers functionally independent of, or functionally dependent on, line voltage, for household and similar uses, not incorporating overcurrent protection (hereafter refe

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the strength of cylindrical rock core specimens in an undrained state under triaxial compression loading. The test provides data useful in determining the strength of rock, namely: shear strengths at various lateral pressures and temperatures, angle of internal friction, (angle of shearing resistance), cohesion intercept, and Young's modulus. It should be observed that this method makes no provision for pore pressure measurements. Thus the strength values determined are in terms of total stress, that is, not corrected for pore pressures.1.2 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D 6026.1.2.1 The method used to specify how data are collected, calculated, or recorded in this standard is not directly related to the accuracy to which the data can be applied in design or other uses, or both. How one applies the results obtained using this standard is beyond its scope.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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This specification covers the requirements for the compound and physical characteristics of homogeneous (Type I) and layered (Type II) rubber sheet floor covering without backing. The floor coverings may either have smooth, embossed, or molded pattern surfaces, and shall not contain asbestos. They shall be tested on, and conform accordingly to the following requirements: chemical composition; hardness; modulus of 10 % elongation; static load limit; resistance to chemicals such as white vinegar, rubbing alcohol, sodium hydroxide solution, hydrochloric acid solution, sulfuric acid solution, household ammonia solution, and household bleach; resistance to heat; resistance to light; width and length; and base, wear layer, and overall thicknesses.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for the compound and physical characteristics of rubber sheet floor covering without backing.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedures for light-exposure apparatus with and without water spray employing a carbon-arc light source. 1.2 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested. It is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials. Note 1-Attention is called to the following test methods and practices for more information on use of this practice for specific materials: Practices D822, D904, D1499, D3361, D3815, E765 and Test Methods C732, C734, C741, D529, D750, D3424 and D3583. 1.3 This practice includes four procedures: 1.3.1 Method 1 -Continuous exposure to light and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.2 Method 2 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.3 Method 3 -Continuous exposure to light without water spray. Specific exposure conditions for testing fabric are found in AATCC Test Method 16A. 1.3.4 Method 4 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness without water spray. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound unit equivalents of the SI units may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This practice covers the basic principles and operating procedure for water- or light-exposure apparatus, or both, employing a xenon-arc light source. Note 1-This practice combines the practices previously referred to as G26 and G27. Practice G27, for Operating Xenon-Arc Type Apparatus for Light Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials , has been discontinued since it is now covered in this edition of G26 under Test Methods C and D. 1.2 This practice does not specify the exposure conditions best suited for the material to be tested, but is limited to the method of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of the exposure. Sample preparation, test conditions, and evaluation of results are covered in ASTM methods or specifications for specific materials. 1.3 This practice includes four test methods: 1.3.1 Test Method 1 -Continuous exposure to light and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.2 Test Method 2 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness and intermittent exposure to water spray. 1.3.3 Test Method 3 -Continuous exposure to light without water spray. Exposure conditions are characteristic of those specified by AATCC Test Method 16E 1976. 1.3.4 Test Method 4 -Alternate exposure to light and darkness without water spray. Exposure conditions characteristic of those natural conditions experienced when exposing are in accordance with Practice G24. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of the SI units may be approximate. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification establishes minimum requirements for adhesives used for the installation of tufted or woven broadloom carpet, within a climate controlled structure, when adhered directly, and permanently, to a structurally sound and recommended substrate. It provides the means to determine adhesive bonding variation as a result of different carpet backing systems and their usage classifications based on the traffic conditions they are subjected to. This specification also describes classification, standard conditioning, chemical composition, physical properties, performance requirements, sampling, certification, and packaging and package marking.1.1 This specification establishes minimum requirements for adhesives used for the installation of tufted or woven broadloom carpet, within a climate controlled structure, when adhered directly, and permanently, to a structurally sound and recommended substrate.1.2 This specification will provide the means to determine adhesive bonding variation as a result of different carpet backing systems and their usage classifications based on the traffic conditions they are subjected to.1.3 This specification is not applicable to specialty adhesives such as those necessary for PVC and Non-PVC backed carpet tile and broadloom where the backing would be considered homogenous in nature.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for standard-type needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, and with either open (Type B) or closed ends (Type M). Materials covered by this specification are needle rollers which shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, and shall be of Grade E50100 or E52100. Rings, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, with carburizing grade 4620, 4720, 8620, 8720, or 1010-1020. Needle rollers and rings shall be hardened by heat treatment, and bearings shall be coated with rust preventive film.1.1 This specification covers standard-type needle roller bearings having drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, with either open or closed ends.1.2 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.1.3 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight critical systems of aircraft.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17131, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of elastic moduli of intact rock core specimens in undrained triaxial compression. It specifies the apparatus, instrumentation, and procedures for determining the stress-axial strain and the stress-lateral strain curves, as well as Young's modulus, E, and Poisson's ratio, v.Note 1--This test method does not include the procedures necessary to obtain a stress-strain curve beyond the ultimate strength.1.2 For an isotropic material, the relation between the shear and bulk moduli and Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are: Equation 1 - G = E/2(1 + v) Equation 2 - K = E/3(1 - 2v)where:G = shear modulus,K = bulk modulus,E = Young's modulus, andv = Poisson's ratio.1.2.1 The engineering applicability of these equations is decreased if the rock is anisotropic. When possible, it is desirable to conduct tests in the plane of foliation, bedding, etc., and at right angles to it to determine the degree of anisotropy. It is noted that equations developed for isotropic materials may give only approximate calculated results if the difference in elastic moduli in any two directions is greater than 10 % for a given stress level.Note 2--Elastic moduli measured by sonic methods may often be employed as preliminary measures of anisotropy.1.3 This test method given for determining the elastic constants does not apply to rocks that undergo significant inelastic strains during the test, such as potash and salt. The elastic moduli for such rocks should be determined from unload-reload cycles, that is not covered by this test method.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific safety precautions are given in Section 6.

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