4.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities that a person shall have to perform as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member. No other skills are included or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 This guide is to be used by individuals and agencies having jurisdiction that wish to identify the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Member.4.3.1 Although this guide establishes the minimum training required for a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, it does not imply that a Land Search and Rescue Team Member is a “trainee,” “probationary,” or other similar term member of an AHJ.4.3.2 Determining the requirements and qualifications for land search and rescue team members is the responsibility of the AHJ.4.3.3 The AHJ shall determine the depth or detail of training required to meet these needs.4.3.4 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional requirements for its own members.4.4 This guide can be used to evaluate a document or training program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate as a Land Search and Rescue Team Member.4.5 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating a Land Search and Rescue Team Member, although it can be used to develop a training document or program.4.6 This guide does not stand alone and shall be used with the referenced documents to provide the specific information needed by a Land Search and Rescue Team Member or AHJ.4.7 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content meets the necessary topics for training a Land Search and Rescue Team Member. Likewise, the guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements of this guide.4.8 The knowledge and skills presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.9 A Land Search and Rescue Team Member shall document his or her training by completion of a position task book, compliant with Guide F3068, or by field demonstration under qualified supervision.4.10 Unless stated otherwise, an ability or proficiency in a skill shall be demonstrated for initial qualification and then as often as required by the AHJ.4.11 Except where a physical skill or ability shall be demonstrated, the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by written examination, oral examination, demonstration, or by some combination of the three.4.12 Additional skill set-specific endorsements may be used in conjunction with this guide to train rescue personnel for other rescue disciplines.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training requirements, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for personnel who perform land search and rescue without ropes.1.2 Land Search and Rescue Team Members perform search and rescue on the surface of the land only, including urban or disaster areas that may be isolated or have lost supporting infrastructure.1.3 This guide does not provide the minimum training required for performing land rescue in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, underground (such as caves, mines, and tunnels), or in mountainous terrain.1.4 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to direct rope rescues. No knots, rope work, or high angle or low angle rescue skills are included in this guide.1.4.1 The minimum training required for rope rescue can be found in Guides F2752, F2954, and F2955.1.4.2 Personnel are qualified to conduct search and rescue operations on non-technical terrain.1.5 Personnel trained to this guide alone are not qualified to operate in leadership positions.1.6 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Type II search teams or crews as defined in Classification F1993.1.6.1 Type II teams that may utilize personnel trained to this guide are as follows:1.6.1.1 Kind A (wilderness);1.6.1.2 Kind B (urban);1.6.1.3 Kind J (evidence/cadaver);1.6.1.4 Kind K (missing aircraft).1.6.1.5 Personnel trained to this guide are eligible to be members of Kind C (mountainous) teams provided that they are supervised by a Mountain or Alpine endorsed team member.1.7 Further training may be required before a Land Search and Rescue Team Member can participate on a particular Kind of rescue team, depending on local needs, regulations, or policies of the authority having jurisdiction.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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1.1 The purpose of this terminology is to establish uniformity in terminology used in the field of underwater search, rescue, and recovery.1.2 The terminology is appropriate to those underwater search, rescue, or recovery activities that use self-contained or surface-supplied underwater breathing apparatuses to provide a breathing gas supply for the searcher(s).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members as it relates to their general, field, and abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue specific knowledge. No other advanced skills are included or implied.4.2 Every person who is identified as an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member shall have met the requirements of this guide.4.3 Certain specialized environments may require other capabilities or endorsements or further training depending on the regulations and policies of the AHJ.4.4 Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members trained as defined in this guide shall not be assumed to possess adequate field skills or knowledge to make mission-critical decisions. Abandoned or inactive mine SAR team members are qualified to perform SAR operations in abandoned or inactive mines under qualified supervision designated by the incident commander in accordance with AHJ policies.4.5 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating abandoned or inactive mine SAR Team Members. It may, however, be used to assist in the development of, or to complement, a complete training document or program.4.6 This guide can be used to evaluate a training document or program to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities required of an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.4.8 Because SAR operations in and around abandoned or inactive underground mines are inherently hazardous, regional and national safety standards shall be included in the policies and procedures of the AHJ.4.9 Practitioners shall complete all activities based on a sound analysis of risk versus benefit, and shall follow all federal, tribal, state, provincial, local, regional, and other safety standards which apply to SAR operations in abandoned or inactive mines.4.10 This guide by itself is not a training document. It is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an abandoned or inactive mine SAR team member.4.11 The training requirements defined in this guide are not presented in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.12 Except where a physical skill must be shown, the AHJ shall determine the best way to evaluate a person’s knowledge. This may be by written exam, oral exam, demonstration, or other means specified by the AHJ.4.12.1 Position task books (PTB), or equivalent documentation that validates and verifies the completion of all required areas of training, may be used to meet this requirement.4.12.2 If position task books are used they shall comply with the provisions of Guide F3068.4.13 Certification or qualification renewal periods shall be determined by the AHJ.4.14 Where uncommon hazards are known to exist in abandoned or inactive mines in the normal area of operations, the AHJ shall consider requiring further training to meet these technical challenges.4.15 Use of this guide is based on the expectation that the AHJ provides, maintains, and inspects PPE for mine search and rescue in accordance with the provisions of 30 CFR, Chapter I, Subchapter H, Part 49, Subparts A and B.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training required for personnel who take part in search and rescue (SAR) operations in abandoned or inactive mines.1.2 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member will be able to perform all general land search and rescue functions.1.3 An abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member is not trained for SAR operations in surface mines, tunnels, or caves.1.4 This guide applies to underground mines only. It does not apply to surface mines, tunnels, or caves.1.5 This guide does not apply to search and rescue operations on, or in, bodies of water within abandoned or inactive mines.1.6 In accordance with Classification F1993, an abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member shall be classified as part of any of the following resources:1.6.1 Category—Land search.1.6.1.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;1.6.1.2 Kind—Wilderness;1.6.1.3 Duration—12 h.1.6.2 Category—Land rescue and land search and rescue.1.6.2.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;1.6.2.2 Kind—Wilderness;1.6.2.3 Duration—12 h.1.6.3 Category—Rope rescue crew (or team).1.6.3.1 Kind—Non-wilderness;1.6.3.2 Kind—Wilderness;1.6.3.3 Duration—12 h.1.7 Other training may be required before an endorsed abandoned or inactive mine search and rescue team member can fully participate as part of a particular category and kind of team or crew, based on specific local needs, regulations, or policies.1.8 This guide has references specific to use in the United States of America, but it may be adapted for use in other countries.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The types of rope rescue systems to which this test method apply use a tensioned mainline and untensioned belay line. If a fall occurs because of a mainline system failure or misuse, considerable energy must be absorbed by the belay for a successful arrest. This drop test method simulates a “worst case” condition when systems are operated as designed, and is designed to help evaluate and compare the performance of various rope rescue belay systems under such conditions. (See Note 1.) The successful catching of a load does not imply that the tested system is suitable for any and all belaying. See X1.2.NOTE 1: Higher forces may be encountered under some circumstances, such as the belay being operated with excessive slack.1.1 This test method covers drop test procedures to measure rope rescue belay system performance. It applies only to belay systems consisting of an untensioned rope connecting the load to an anchored belay device. This test method does not address other types of belays, such as self-belays or belays for lead climbing, nor does it test the rescuer's belaying ability.1.2 This test method may be used to help measure a rescue belay system's performance under controlled drop test conditions, but it will not necessarily provide guidance as to which belay method is most suited to a particular application. Other considerations, such as ease of handling, performance on different types and diameters of rope, portability, versatility, system safety factor, cost, and automatic operation that do not require the positive action of the belayer may influence the selection of a belay system and are not dealt with in this test method. See X1.1.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Additional precautions for this test method are given in 8.1 and 8.2.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood SAR operations shall be conducted.4.2 Every person, agency, and organization that responds to, or participates in, swiftwater/flood SAR operations should operate within the framework established by this guide.4.3 This guide and the framework it establishes should be used in conjunction with established and authorized guidelines and procedures mandated by an AHJ.4.4 The AHJ shall determine which personnel, agencies, and/or organizations are qualified and authorized to participate in swiftwater/flood SAR operations.4.5 This guide is to be used by individuals and AHJ that wish to perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations as part of the NIMS/ICS.4.6 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with the referenced documents to safely and effectively perform swiftwater/flood SAR operations.4.7 The AHJ will determine the evaluation process to assess the extent to which the requirements of this standard are met.4.8 Because operations in the swiftwater/flood environment are inherently dangerous, and individuals involved are frequently required to perform rigorous activities in adverse conditions, regional and national safety standards should be included in agency policies and procedures.4.9 Swiftwater/flood personnel should only perform activities in the swiftwater environment after a thorough risk assessment and appropriate risk mitigation efforts (for example, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), restricting efforts to shore-based techniques, delaying a recovery until more favorable water conditions exist, etc.) have been performed, or at the very least, should follow the appropriate federal, state, tribal, provincial, and local safety standards as they apply to activities in swiftwater environments.1.1 This guide establishes a framework within which swiftwater/flood Search and Rescue (SAR) operations shall be conducted as part of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)/Incident Command System (ICS).1.2 The requirements of this guide shall apply to individuals, agencies, and organizations that respond to swiftwater/flood SAR operations, including those not regulated by government mandates.1.3 This document does not define the specific training required for personnel involved in swiftwater/flood SAR operations. Refer to local, state, federal, public, and private swiftwater rescue certification and operations courses that satisfy the existing authority having jurisdiction (AHJ) requirements.1.4 This guide includes references more common to the United States of America, but may be adapted for use elsewhere.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide establishes minimum standards criteria for MSAR personnel. Users of this guide shall have the ability to be a self-supporting deployable resource (for self and equine) and should be self-supporting while at base camp for a minimum duration of 24 h.4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocol of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.4.3 MSAR responders work with a variety of individuals and organizations, including law enforcement, fire and rescue, casual volunteers and family members of the missing subject(s).4.4 This standard does not address the wearing of a riding helmet while deployed on an MSAR mission. However, users of this standard shall be aware that many AHJ’s require the wearing of riding helmets while deployed on an MSAR mission and out of area response may require wearing a riding helmet.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) required for an MSAR responder and their equine during the deployment involving lost or missing persons and related non-technical rescue skills used to stabilize or minimize a missing person (subject) from remaining in peril.1.2 MSAR users of the guide shall meet or hold the certified equivalent KSA defined in Guide F2209.1.3 Users of this standard should, at minimum, have pre-existing basic horsemanship skills that are equivalent to what is published within: The United States Pony Club Manual of Horsemanship: Basics for Beginners/D Level (1).21.4 Users of this standard should be aware of other MSAR standards, requirements, guidelines, policies, procedures, or protocols, or combinations thereof that have been established and which may be under the jurisdiction of federal, state, tribal, local, or other regional authorities (for examples of two (USA) state level MSAR standards, see Refs 2 and 3).1.5 This standard is created without bias to the type of tack, gear, packs, first aid supplies, personal protective equipment (for self or equine), or riding discipline that is practiced by the MSAR responder.1.6 This standard does not address the mounted evacuation of a subject, although an AHJ may determine when and if a mounted evacuation would be appropriate and what local protocols will be implemented.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 A certification body issuing certifications in the field of search and rescue is required to meet the requirements identified in this guide.4.2 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to determine whether to accept a certification from a certification body.4.3 This guide can be used by an authority having jurisdiction to validate audit a certifying body.4.4 This guide can be used by a certifying body to validate that its certification scheme, certification process, and certification system meet industry standards.4.5 Any certification body operating in accordance to ANSI-ISO-IEC 17024 or equivalent shall be considered to be in compliance with this standard.1.1 This guide defines the organizational structure, policies, and procedures required to operate a certification program in the field of search and rescue.1.2 Certifications are used by authorities having jurisdiction as a component to their credentialing process, typically to demonstrate one component of an individual’s ability to field.1.3 Certifications are typically provided by third party, disinterested providers and are commonly used to validate an individual’s, team’s, or authority having jurisdiction’s training program in a particular area.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide establishes the minimum level of obedience and agility required for canines to perform safely and effectively on a search dog team or crew.4.2 Obedience skills ensure that a dog is under the control of the handler, that it will not interfere with other resources such as search team members, rescue personnel, other search dogs, and members of the public, it can be left without the handler’s supervision, and it can be evacuated by someone other than the handler.4.2.1 All search dogs shall demonstrate the on-lead obedience skills defined in this guide.4.2.2 All search dogs that work off-lead shall also demonstrate the off-lead obedience skills defined in this guide.4.2.3 Off-lead obedience skills shall be demonstrated in the vicinity of a group of people and other dogs, with the accompanying noise and confusion common to search and rescue operations.4.3 Agility skills demonstrate the dog’s ability to negotiate terrain and obstacles that may be present in a search area. They also demonstrate the dog’s ability to work in an unfamiliar environment with unstable or loose objects underfoot.4.3.1 All search dogs shall demonstrate the agility skills defined in this guide.4.3.2 Off-lead search dogs shall perform all agility skills off-lead. On-lead search dogs may perform agility skills on or off lead, at the discretion of the handler. The use of a lead shall neither enhance nor diminish a dog’s ability to demonstrate its agility.4.3.3 Spotters should be provided for dogs demonstrating agility skills. The spotters, however, should neither enhance nor diminish a dog’s ability to demonstrate its agility.4.4 Handlers shall direct the dog with minimal commands.4.4.1 Continuous commands, or excessive talking to the dog, shall not be allowed.4.4.2 Occasional reminder commands and some praise shall be acceptable.4.5 This guide may be used by units, handlers, and requesting agencies to evaluate canine search resources. It may also be used for establishing local performance guidelines or standards.4.6 This guide by itself is not a training document, but may be used to develop a training document or program.4.7 Nothing in this guide precludes an AHJ from adding additional obedience or agility requirements.4.8 The skills and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.4.9 The AHJ is responsible for determining how to evaluate the obedience and agility of search dogs.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum obedience and agility expected of canines that are part of a search dog team or crew.1.2 Further training is required for a canine before it may perform as a member of a search dog team or crew.1.3 This guide applies to canine members of all search resources classified in ASTM F1848 Standard Classification System for Canine Search Resources.1.3.1 The advanced obedience and agility skills required for canine members of Kind D (Disaster/Collapsed Structure Search) dog teams or crews are not defined in this guide.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for multi-story building external evacuation platform rescue systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for vertical transport of emergency responders. This specification is applicable only to PRSs that are permanently installed, designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use, and where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone. Conversely, this specification does not cover platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation and/or access, helicopters or other flying platforms, a PRS utilizing platforms that can be transported to or between buildings during operations, and a PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.1 This specification covers the specifications, safety requirements, performance, design, practices, marking instructions and test methods for Multi-Story Building External Evacuation Platform Rescue Systems (PRS) for emergency escape of persons who cannot use the normal means of egress to a safe area and for transport of emergency responders vertically.1.2 This specification is applicable only to PRSs:1.2.1 Permanently installed;1.2.2 Designed for multi-cycle and repetitive use; and1.2.3 Where descent is controlled to limit speed before arrival at a floor or landing zone.1.3 This specification does not cover:1.3.1 Platform devices that are used primarily for purposes other than emergency evacuation or access, or both;1.3.2 Helicopters or other flying platforms;1.3.3 Any other devices covered under/within ASME A17.1;1.3.4 A PRS utilizing platform(s) that can be transported to or between buildings during operations; and1.3.5 A PRS using driving methods other than positive drive as drum and ropes.1.4 Operation of a PRS is limited to trained and authorized operators.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1 Exception—In 5.2.1 and 5.2.2, inch-pound units are provided in parentheses after the SI units for information only.1.6 Table of Contents:   Section 1Referenced Documents 2Terminology 3Building Interface Requirements and Installation 4Environmental Conditions 5Fire and Smoke Protection 6Material Requirements 7Structural, Mechanical and Stability Calculations 8Mechanical and Physical Properties 9Buffers and Guides 10Suspension Wire Rope and Wire Rope Connections 11Hoisting Machines and Pulleys 12Means to Prevent Falling of the Platform(s) 13Electrical Power Requirements 14Operation, Control and Communication 15Accompanying Documents 16Markings, Warnings and Operating Instructions 17Verification of Safety Requirements 18Quality Assurance 19Maintenance 20Keywords 21Type Tests Annex A1Tests and Verifications Before First Use Annex A2Periodic Verifications Annex A3PRS Utilization Procedures Annex A4Rationale Statement Appendix X11.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide may be used to provide a consistent method for determining load ratios for technical rescue equipment and systems.3.2 Use of this guide will help to maintain clearer, more consistent calculation and reporting of load ratios.3.3 It should be acknowledged that, while component load ratios are fairly straightforward to calculate, they are of limited value for estimating system load ratios. System load ratios are usually desired for field applications, but are more difficult to calculate accurately.1.1 This guide covers the general concept of determining safety factors for technical rescue equipment and systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 In the event of any conflict between the text of this guide and any references cited, the text of this guide takes preference.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods are intended to provide reproducible data from which acceptance criteria, design data, and specifications can be developed for basket type rescue litters.1.1 These test methods enable the user to determine if a rescue litter meets the requirement for strength depending upon particular applications and methods of use.1.2 The test methods described in this standard are designed to test several parameters under “manner of use” conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It specifies the design loads that must be considered and does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. Each anchorage shall be designed to hold a minimum of 40 kN in all directions of potential loading and shall be manufactured in such a way that a carabiner with a gate opening of 25 mm or greater shall fit around it and the gate shall be able to close and lock. The anchorage shall be constructed using rounded stock or with beveled or chamfered edges to minimize damage to hardware, rope, or webbing that is attached to the anchorage.1.1 This standard specifies the minimum strength requirements for anchorages permanently installed or attached to training towers or other structures used for rope rescue training. It does not describe how those anchorages are constructed, installed in, or attached to the structure nor does it include any factors of safety. It only specifies the design loads that must be considered.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车