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定价： 605元 / 折扣价： 515 元

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元 加购物车

This specification covers thermoplastic insulating materials made of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate recommended for use in wires and cables operating in wet or dry locations at specified conductor temperatures and maximum voltage ratings for power and control circuits. Since the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable, tests shall then be done on insulated wire or cable solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable. Materials shall conform to the following physical requirements: unaged tensile strength and elongation at rupture; tensile strength and elongation after air oven aging; heat shock; heat distortion; behavior during vertical flame test; oil resistance; tensile strength and elongation after oil immersion; behavior during cold bend test, and size and thickness. Insulations shall also perform satisfactorily during tests for AC and DC voltage, insulation resistance, accelerated water absorption, and dielectric strength retention.1.1 This specification covers a thermoplastic insulation of poly(vinyl chloride) or the copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate.1.2 This insulation is recommended for use at conductor temperatures not in excess of 60 °C in wet or dry locations at a maximum voltage rating of 600 V for power and control circuits.1.3 In many instances, the insulation material cannot be tested unless it has been formed around a conductor or cable. Therefore, tests are done on insulated wire or cable in this specification solely to determine the relevant property of the insulation material and not to test the conductor or completed cable.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4.1 In some cases (including the title), temperatures are described in degrees Celsius only.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the chemical and mechanical requirements for three grades (Grades A, B, and C) of carbon steel bolts and studs in specified sizes. This specification does not cover the requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors, or other similar externally threaded fasteners. When tested, sampled specimens shall adhere to specified values for chemical composition, hardness, tensile strength, yield point, elongation, and dimensions.1.1 This specification2 covers the chemical and mechanical requirements of two grades of carbon steel bolts and studs in sizes 1/4 in. through 4 in. The fasteners are designated by “Grade” denoting tensile strength and intended use, as follows:Grade Description   Grade A Bolts, studs, and threaded rod having a minimum tensile strength of 60 ksi and intended for general applications,Grade B Bolts, studs, and threaded rodA having a tensile strength of 60 to 100 ksi and intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges, andGrade C Replaced by Specification F1554 Gr.361.2 This specification does not cover requirements for machine screws, thread cutting/forming screws, mechanical expansion anchors or similar externally threaded fasteners.1.3 Suitable nuts are covered in Specification A563. Unless otherwise specified, the grade and style of nut for each grade of fastener, of all surface finishes, shall be as follows:Fastener Grade and Size Nut Grade and StyleA      A 1/4 to 11/2 in.     A, hex      A over 11/2 to 4 in.     A, heavy hex      B, 1/4 to 4 in.     A, heavy hex1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Supplementary Requirement S1 of an optional nature is provided, which describes additional restrictions to be applied when bolts are to be welded. It shall apply only when specified in the inquiry, order, and contract.1.6 Terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology F1789 unless otherwise defined herein.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers the geometry and dimensions of a thread system for fiberglass pipe.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information purposes only.Note 1--There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings. The type of pipe threads are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows. For left-hand threads add LH to the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. Different physical properties of pipe threads such as form, dimensions, angle, truncation, height, sealing capacity, and tightness shall be in accordance with the requirements specified. The gages have two types which may be used to completely cover gage requirements: (1) master gages used to check working gages; and (2) working gages used to check threads during manufacture and for conformance inspection. Both external and internal taper threads shall be gaged.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for dimensions and gaging of taper pipe threads used on threaded plastic pipe and fittings.1.2 Threads meeting this specification shall only be used on those plastic materials deemed suitable by the manufacturer.1.3 Specialty threads or threads not requiring a leak-tight joint are not covered in this specification.NOTE 1: The terms “wrench makeup” and “wrench tight” are standard terminology for tightness and do not imply using a pipe wrench or other tools which would damage plastic pipe and fittings. The terms “hand-tight” and “hand-tight engagement” refer only to thread gaging (not pipe and fitting connections) and is the definition of the L1 gage length.1.4 Thread Designations—The type of pipe threads included in this specification are designated by specifying in sequence the nominal pipe size, number of threads per inch, and the thread series symbols as follows in accordance with ANSI/ASME B 1.20.1: 3/8-18 NPT. For left-hand threads add LH to the end of the designation, otherwise right-hand threads will be understood. For example: 3/8-18 NPT-LH.1.4.1 Each of these letters in the symbol has a definite significance as follows:  N = National (American Standard)  P = Pipe  T = Taper1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 7.2.1 and 8.3.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method may be used to evaluate the difference in gloss of dried films of emulsion floor polishes when the light reflected at a 60° angle is measured. Extremely high- or low-gloss polishes may not be differentiated at a 60° angle. A20° angle measured in accordance with Test Method D523 may give better definition of gloss.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the 60° specular gloss of films of emulsion floor polish after application to a substrate.NOTE 1: Specular gloss is one of several related appearance attributes that produce the sensation of glossiness. For this reason, specular gloss measurements may not always correlate well with visual rankings of glossiness.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers 60% palladium-40% silver rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. The material shall be finished by different methods like cold working, heat treatment or annealing, turning, grinding, and pickling. Materials shall conform to the requirements for chemical composition. Mechanical properties like ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and microhardness shall be determined. 1.1 This specification covers 60 % palladium-40 % silver rod, wire, strip, and sheet material for electrical contacts. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety and health practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification covers the requirements for non-heat treated carbon steel machine screws. Steel for the machine screws shall be made by open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process and the screws shall be manufactured by cold forming, thread rolling, and stress-relieve annealing. Heat and product analysis shall be performed to determine the chemical composition of the specimen conforming to the requirements for carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur. Specimens shall be subjected to mechanical tests to verify conformance to the mechanical property requirements such as tensile strength, Rockwell hardness, and ductility.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for non-heat treated carbon steel machine screws with nominal diameters of No. 0000 through ¾ in. having a minimum ultimate tensile strength of 60 000 psi.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 One of the factors affecting the quality of a radiographic image is geometric unsharpness. The degree of geometric unsharpness is dependent upon the size of the source, the distance between the source and the object to be radiographed, and the distance between the object to be radiographed and the film or digital detector. This test method allows the user to determine the size of the source and to use this result to establish source to object and object to film or detector distances appropriate for maintaining the desired degree of geometric unsharpness.NOTE 1: The European standard CEN EN 12579 describes a simplified procedure for measurement of source sizes of Ir-192, Co-60, and Se-75. The resulting source size of Ir-192 is comparable to the results obtained by this test method.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the size of Iridium-192, Cobalt-60, and Selenium-75 radiographic sources. The determination is based upon measurement of the image of the source in a projection radiograph of the source assembly and comparison to the measurement of the image of a reference sample in the same radiograph or the source guide tube.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Division of the Co-60 Hardness Testing into Five Parts: 4.1.1 The equilibrium absorbed dose shall be measured with a dosimeter, such as a TLD, located adjacent to the device under test. Alternatively, a dosimeter may be irradiated in the position of the device before or after irradiation of the device.4.1.2 This absorbed dose measured by the dosimeter shall be converted to the equilibrium absorbed dose in the material of interest within the critical region within the device under test, for example the SiO2 gate oxide of an MOS device.4.1.3 A correction for absorbed-dose enhancement effects shall be considered. This correction is dependent upon the photon energy that strikes the device under test.4.1.4 A correlation should be made between the absorbed dose in the critical region (for example, the gate oxide mentioned in 4.1.2) and some electrically important effect (such as charge trapped at the Si/SiO2 interface as manifested by a shift in threshold voltage).4.1.5 An extrapolation should then be made from the results of the test to the results that would be expected for the device under test under actual operating conditions.NOTE 5: The parts of a test discussed in 4.1.2 and 4.1.3 are the subject of this practice. The subject of 4.1.1 is covered and referenced in other standards such as Practice E668 and ICRU Report 14. The parts of a test discussed in 4.1.4 and 4.1.5 are outside the scope of this practice.4.2 Low-Energy Components in the Spectrum—Some of the primary Co-60 gamma rays (1.17 and 1.33 MeV) produce lower energy photons by Compton scattering within the Co-60 source structure, within materials that lie between the source and the device under test, and within materials that lie beyond the device but contribute to backscattering. As a result of the complexity of these effects, the photon energy spectrum striking the device usually is not well known. This point is further discussed in Section 5 and Appendix X1. The presence of low-energy photons in the incident spectrum can result in dosimetry errors. This practice defines test procedures that should minimize dosimetry errors without the need to know the spectrum. These recommended procedures are discussed in 4.5, 4.6, Section 7, and Appendix X5.4.3 Conversion to Equilibrium Absorbed Dose in the Device Material—The conversion from the measured absorbed dose in the material of the dosimeter (such as the CaF2 of a TLD) to the equivalent absorbed dose in the material of interest (such as the SiO2 of the gate oxide of a device) is dependent on the incident photon energy spectrum. However, if the simplifying assumption is made that all incident photons have the energies of the primary Co-60 gamma rays, then the conversion from absorbed dose in the dosimeter to that in the device under test can be made using tabulated values for the energy absorption coefficients for the dosimeter and device materials. Where this simplification is appropriate, the error incurred by its use to determine equilibrium absorbed dose is usually less than 5 % (see 6.3).4.4 Absorbed-Dose Enhancement Effects—If a higher atomic number material lies adjacent to a lower atomic number material, the energy deposition in the region adjacent to the interface is a complex function of the incident photon energy spectrum, the material composition, and the spatial arrangement of the source and absorbers. The absorbed dose near such an interface cannot be adequately determined using the procedure outlined in 4.3. Errors incurred by failure to account for these effects may, in unusual cases, exceed a factor of five. Because microelectronic devices characteristically contain layers of dissimilar materials with thicknesses of tens of nanometres, absorbed-dose enhancement effects are a characteristic problem for irradiation of such devices (see 6.1 and Appendix X2).4.5 Minimizing Absorbed-Dose Enhancement Effects—Under some circumstances, absorbed-dose enhancement effects can be minimized by hardening the spectrum. Hardening is accomplished by the use of high atomic number absorbers to remove low energy components of the spectrum, and by minimizing the amount and proximity of low atomic number material to reduce softening of the spectrum by Compton scattering (see Sections 6 and 7).4.6 Limits of the Dosimetry Errors—To correct for absorbed-dose enhancement by calculational methods would require a knowledge of the incident photon energy spectrum and the detailed structure of the device under test. To measure absorbed-dose enhancement would require methods for simulating the irradiation conditions and device geometry. Such corrections are impractical for routine hardness testing. However, if the methods specified in Section 7 are used to minimize absorbed-dose enhancement effects, errors due to the absence of a correction for these effects can be kept within bounds that may be acceptable for many users. An estimate of these error bounds for representative cases is given in Section 7 and Appendix X5.4.7 Application to Non-Silicon Devices—The material of this practice is primarily directed toward silicon based solid state electronic devices. The application of the material and recommendations presented here should be applied to gallium arsenide and other types of devices only with caution.1.1 This practice covers recommended procedures for the use of dosimeters, such as thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's), to determine the absorbed dose in a region of interest within an electronic device irradiated using a Co-60 source. Co-60 sources are commonly used for the absorbed dose testing of silicon electronic devices.NOTE 1: This absorbed-dose testing is sometimes called “total dose testing” to distinguish it from “dose rate testing.”NOTE 2: The effects of ionizing radiation on some types of electronic devices may depend on both the absorbed dose and the absorbed dose rate; that is, the effects may be different if the device is irradiated to the same absorbed-dose level at different absorbed-dose rates. Absorbed-dose rate effects are not covered in this practice but should be considered in radiation hardness testing.1.2 The principal potential error for the measurement of absorbed dose in electronic devices arises from non-equilibrium energy deposition effects in the vicinity of material interfaces.1.3 Information is given about absorbed-dose enhancement effects in the vicinity of material interfaces. The sensitivity of such effects to low energy components in the Co-60 photon energy spectrum is emphasized.1.4 A brief description is given of typical Co-60 sources with special emphasis on the presence of low energy components in the photon energy spectrum output from such sources.1.5 Procedures are given for minimizing the low energy components of the photon energy spectrum from Co-60 sources, using filtration. The use of a filter box to achieve such filtration is recommended.1.6 Information is given on absorbed-dose enhancement effects that are dependent on the device orientation with respect to the Co-60 source.1.7 The use of spectrum filtration and appropriate device orientation provides a radiation environment whereby the absorbed dose in the sensitive region of an electronic device can be calculated within defined error limits without detailed knowledge of either the device structure or of the photon energy spectrum of the source, and hence, without knowing the details of the absorbed-dose enhancement effects.1.8 The recommendations of this practice are primarily applicable to piece-part testing of electronic devices. Electronic circuit board and electronic system testing may introduce problems that are not adequately treated by the methods recommended here.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 777元 / 折扣价： 661 元 加购物车

This specification covers the general requirements and corresponding test methods for non-pressure (gravity flow) polyethylene (PE) pipes and fittings having interior liner with annular corrugated exterior wall profile, and whose inside diameters are 2 to 60 in. [50 to 1500 mm]. These pipes and fittings are suitable for underground use in subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads. Material requirements are specified for pipe and blow molded fittings, rotationally molded fittings and couplings, injection molded fittings and couplings, and rework materials. The resulting products shall be tested as appropriate, and shall conform to specified requirements for workmanship, dimension (inside diameter, length, minimum inner liner thickness, and perforations), stiffness, flattening resistance, impact resistance, and slow crack growth resistance of PE plastics without pigment.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The inside diameters covered are 50 mm to 1500 mm [2 in. to 60 in.].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide non-pressure (gravity flow) pipe and fittings for underground use for subsurface and land drainage systems, which do not operate under surcharge pressure heads.NOTE 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification are be installed in compliance with Practice D2321 or Practice F449 based on diameter limitations within the respective standards.NOTE 2: Subsurface and land drainage systems pertain principally to non-municipal or private facilities for water table control, storm drainage and agricultural drainage applications. The products supplied under this specification are not intended for any sanitary sewer or municipal storm sewer applications.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using an annular exterior corrugated profile (Fig. 1).1.4 This specification permits the use of recycled materials for pipe in accordance with the requirements in Section 5.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车