This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.]. The requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, general requirements (workmanship, dimensions and tolerance, pipe stiffness, pipe flattening, pipe impact strength, fittings and joining systems, slow crack growth resistance-pipe, structural design), test methods (referee testing, quality control testing), inspection, rejection and rehearing, certification, markings, packaging, and quality assurance.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 150 to 1500 mm [6 to 60 in.].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).1.4 The products manufactured under this specification use either virgin or recycled (post-industrial or post-consumer) materials in accordance with the requirements specified for each.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers test methods and requirements for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. These requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for nonpressure storm sewer systems. This specification also covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 to 60 in. [300 to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure storm sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior smooth wall and an annular corrugated profile outer wall (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Interior Smooth Wall and an Annular Corrugated Profile Outer Wall1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Although Co-60 nuclei only emit monoenergetic gamma rays at 1.17 and 1.33 MeV, the finite thickness of sources, and encapsulation materials and other surrounding structures that are inevitably present in irradiators can contribute a substantial amount of low-energy gamma radiation, principally by Compton scattering (1, 2).3 In radiation-hardness testing of electronic devices this low-energy photon component of the gamma spectrum can introduce significant dosimetry errors for a device under test since the equilibrium absorbed dose as measured by a dosimeter can be quite different from the absorbed dose deposited in the device under test because of absorbed dose enhancement effects (3, 4). Absorbed dose enhancement effects refer to the deviations from equilibrium absorbed dose caused by non-equilibrium electron transport near boundaries between dissimilar materials.4.2 The ionization chamber technique described in this method provides an easy means for estimating the importance of the low-energy photon component of any given irradiator type and configuration.4.3 When there is an appreciable low-energy spectral component present in a particular irradiator configuration, special experimental techniques should be used to ensure that dosimetry measurements adequately represent the absorbed dose in the device under test. (See Practice E1249.)1.1 Low energy components in the photon energy spectrum of Co-60 irradiators lead to absorbed dose enhancement effects in the radiation-hardness testing of silicon electronic devices. These low energy components may lead to errors in determining the absorbed dose in a specific device under test. This method covers procedures for the use of a specialized ionization chamber to determine a figure of merit for the relative importance of such effects. It also gives the design and instructions for assembling this chamber.1.2 This method is applicable to measurements in Co-60 radiation fields where the range of exposure rates is 7 × 10 −6 to 3 × 10−2 C kg −1 s−1 (approximately 100 R/h to 100 R/s). For guidance in applying this method to radiation fields where the exposure rate is >100 R/s, see Appendix X1.NOTE 1: See Terminology E170 for definition of exposure and its units.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 702元 / 折扣价： 597 元 加购物车

5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environmental stress-crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums. This test method may be used for determining the applicability of various plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques, and parameters for plastic tight-head drums.5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of what results when a container is exposed to chemical agents such as soaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface-active solutions while under conditions of stress.5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemical attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin, container manufacturing or processing history, exposure temperature, applied stress, and other factors. The combination of these factors may result in eventual stress crack failure.5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variability by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions. This test method may be used as design qualification and auditing tools for plastic tight-head drums.5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitative value of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It is intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with user’s specifications, or as agreed upon between the user and supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field performance regarding time to failure.1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic tight-head drums as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic drum's resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution, a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated pressure and temperature.1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. The compressive top-load is controlled at a constant weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of this standard may use other test parameters, such as top-loads, chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase agreement.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for triple profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings. The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321. This specification covers pipe and fittings with an essentially smooth interior and exterior wall using an annular corrugated profile middle wall.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for dual and triple profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 12 in. to 60 in. [300 mm to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an essentially smooth interior wall and either an annular corrugation (dual wall) or an essentially smooth and exterior wall using an annular corrugated profile middle wall (triple wall) (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Typical Dual and Triple Wall Pipe Profile1.4 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The pipe and blow-molded fittings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 435400C or 435400 and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Compounds used in the manufacture of rotationally molded fittings and couplings shall be virgin PE having a cell classification of 213320C or 213320E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4%. On the other hand, compounds used in the manufacture of injection molded fittings and couplings shall be made of virgin PE plastic compound having a cell classification 414420C or 414420E and its carbon black content shall not exceed 4 %. Different tests and measurements shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of pipes: inside diameter, length, minimum inner-liner thickness, perforations, stiffness, flattening, and impact resistance. The pipe and fittings shall be homogeneous throughout and be as uniform as commercially practical in color, opacity, and density. The pipe walls shall be free of cracks, holes, blisters, voids, foreign inclusions, or other defects that are visible to the naked eye and that may affect the wall integrity. The ends shall be cut cleanly and squarely. Holes intentionally placed in perforated pipe are acceptable.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for annular, corrugated profile wall polyethylene pipe and fittings with an interior liner. The nominal inside diameters covered are 300 mm to 1500 mm [12 in. to 60 in.].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings for underground use for non-pressure gravity-flow storm sewer and subsurface drainage systems.NOTE 1: Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an interior liner using a corrugated exterior profile (Fig. 1).FIG. 1 Typical Annular Corrugated Pipe Profile1.4 The products manufactured under this standard use either virgin or recycled (post-industrial or post-consumer) materials in accordance with the requirements specified for each.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The coefficient of linear thermal expansion, α, between temperatures T1 and T2 for a specimen whose length is L0 at the reference temperature, is given by the following equation:Where L1 and L2 are the specimen lengths at temperatures T1 and T2, respectively. α is, therefore, obtained by dividing the linear expansion per unit length by the change in temperature.5.2 The nature of most plastics and the construction applications for which plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are used, make –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) a practical temperature range for linear thermal expansion measurements. Where testing outside of this temperature range or when linear thermal expansion characteristics of a particular plastic are not known through this temperature range, particular attention shall be paid to the factors mentioned in 1.2 and it is possible that special preliminary investigations by thermo-mechanical analysis, such as what is prescribed in Practice D4065 for the location of transition temperatures, will be required, in order to avoid excessive error. If such a transition point is located, a separate coefficient of expansion for a temperature range below and above the transition point shall be determined. For specification and comparison purposes (provided it is known that no transition exists in this range), the range from –30 to 140°F (–34.4 to 60°C) shall be used. (For reference, glass transition and melting point temperatures of typical resins used in plastic lumber products are given in Appendix X2 of this test method.)1.1 This test method covers the determination of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes to two significant figures. The determination is made by taking measurements with a caliper at three discrete temperatures. At the test temperatures and under the stresses imposed, the plastic lumber shall have a negligible creep or elastic strain rate, or both, insofar as these properties would significantly affect the accuracy of the measurements.1.1.1 This test method details the determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes in their “as manufactured” form. As such, this is a test method for evaluating the properties of plastic lumber or shapes as a product and not a material property test method.1.2 The thermal expansion of plastic lumber and shapes is composed of a reversible component on which it is possible to superimpose changes in length due to changes in moisture content, curing, loss of plasticizer or solvents, release of stresses, phase changes, voids, inclusions, and other factors. This test method is intended to determine the coefficient of linear thermal expansion under the exclusion of non-linear factors as far as possible. In general, it will not be possible to exclude the effect of these factors completely. For this reason, the test method can be expected to give a reasonable approximation but not necessarily precise determination of the linear coefficient of thermal expansion.1.3 Plastic lumber and plastic lumber shapes are currently made predominately with recycled plastics where the product is non-homogeneous in the cross-section. However, it is possible that this test method will also be applicable to similar manufactured plastic products made from virgin resins or other plastic composite materials.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 A key consideration with any radiographic system is its contrast resolution and spatial resolution capability (that is, sensitivity). The degree of obtainable sensitivity with a given system is dependent upon several radiographic parameters such as source energy level, film system class, type and thickness of intensifying screens, exposure (density), etc. This guide permits the user to estimate the degree of sensitivity that may be obtained with X-rays and Cobalt-60 gamma rays when using a prescribed set of radiographic parameters. This guide may also be used in conjunction with Practices E746 or E1735 to provide a basis for developing data for evaluation of a user's specific system. This data may assist a user in determining appropriate parameters for obtaining desired degrees of radiographic system sensitivity. An alternate to this approach is the use of those adjunct radiographic illustrations detailed in Section 6.1.1 This guide to obtainable equivalent penetrameter sensitivity covers the minimum penetrameter thicknesses for which the image of the 1T and 2T holes is visible for a few practical radiographic conditions using industrial X-ray film. The values represent near optimum sensitivity for flat steel plates. Radiographic conditions that give higher values of scatter buildup from the specimen or backscattered radiation at the image plane will give poorer sensitivity.1.2 Eight radiographs that illustrate sensitivities obtainable with practical radiographic systems are included as adjuncts to this guide and must be purchased from ASTM.1.3 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers requirements and test methods for triple wall polypropylene pipe and fittings with nominal inside diameters of 30 to 60 in. [750 to 1600 mm]. These requirements are intended to provide pipe and fittings suitable for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321. Pipe and fittings with a interior wall, a exterior wall and an annular corrugated profile middle wall are covered by this specification.1.1 This specification covers requirements and test methods for corrugated double and triple wall polypropylene pipe and fittings. The nominal inside diameters covered are 6 in. to 60 in. [150 mm to 1500 mm].1.2 The requirements of this specification are intended to provide pipe and fittings for underground use for non-pressure sanitary sewer systems. Pipe and fittings produced in accordance with this specification shall be installed in compliance with Practice D2321.1.3 This specification covers pipe and fittings with an annular corrugated wall and an essentially smooth interior wall (that is, double wall) (Fig. 1) and pipe and fittings with an annular corrugated wall and an essentially smooth interior and exterior wall (that is, triple wall) (Fig. 2).FIG. 1 Typical Corrugated Double Wall PipeFIG. 2 Typical Corrugated Triple Wall Pipe1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 The following precautionary statement applies only to Section 7 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车