4.1 The sulfur content of LPG, used for fuel purposes, contributes to SOx emissions and can lead to corrosion in engine and exhaust systems. Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned by sulfur bearing materials in the feed stocks. This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds, to measure sulfur in finished products, and can also be used for compliance determinations when acceptable to a regulatory authority.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total volatile sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons and liquefied petroleum (LP) gases. It is applicable to analysis of natural, processed, and final product materials. Precision has been determined for sulfur in gaseous hydrocarbons in the range of 1 mg/kg to 100 mg/kg and for sulfur in LP gases in the range of 1 mg/kg to 196 mg/kg (Note 1).NOTE 1: An estimate of pooled limit of quantification (PLOQ), information regarding sample stability and other general information derived from the interlaboratory studies on precision can be referenced in the ASTM research reports.2,31.2 This test method may not detect sulfur compounds that do not vaporize under the conditions of the test.1.3 This test method is applicable for total volatile sulfur determination in LP gases containing less than 0.35 % (mass/mass) halogen(s).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 3.1 and Sections 6 and 7 for specific warning statements.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification provides requirements for the design of thermal insulation systems for cryogenic piping and equipment for liquefied natural gas (LNG)-fueled ship applications. Methods and materials for installation, including jacketing and vapor retarders, are also detailed.1.2 The pipe and equipment operating temperature range addressed by this specification is from a temperature no warmer than –259°F (–162°C) to all temperatures colder.1.3 These types of piping systems typically have a small diameter: 3 in. (80 mm) NPS and smaller. However, this specification is not limited to pipes that small.1.4 This specification does not address the thermal insulation on either LNG fuel tanks or factory installed, pre-insulated pipe insulation assemblies.1.5 The design of removable/reusable insulation systems is not addressed in this specification.1.6 Structural design and physical strength of insulation systems are not addressed in this specification. However, the securement of jacketing systems is addressed.1.7 For above ambient pipe and equipment not carrying LNG, see Practice F683 for insulation practices.1.8 Insulation system weight is not a design criterion considered in this specification.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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It is important to have the sulfur content of liquefied petroleum gases at low enough concentration to meet government regulations. The presence of sulfur can result in corrosion of metal surfaces. Sulfur can be poisonous to catalysts in subsequent processing.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total sulfur in liquefied petroleum gases containing more than 1 μg/g. Specimens should not contain more than 100 μg/g of halogens.1.2 To attain the quantitative detectability that the test method is capable of, stringent techniques must be employed and all possible sources of sulfur contamination must be eliminated. In particular, cleaning agents, such as common household detergents which contain sulfates, should be avoided.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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