This specification covers the requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, performance, and markings for metal insert fittings with o-ring seals and copper crimp rings for use with SDR9 cross-linked polyethylene and SDR9 cross-linked polyethylene/aluminum/cross-linked polyethylene tubing systems. The fittings shall be made from one of the following metals: cast copper alloys, machined brass, forged brass, crimp rings, or o-rings. Insert fittings shall be joined to the tubing by compression of a copper crimp ring around the outer circumference of the tubing, forcing the tubing material into annular spaces formed by ribs on the fitting. Performance tests shall be conducted on the assemblies to determine the material and dimensional requirements of the specimens. Marking shall be applied to the fittings in such a manner that it remains legible after installation and inspection.1.1 This specification covers metal insert fittings with o-ring seals and copper crimp rings for use with Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX) and Cross-linked Polyethylene/Aluminum/Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX) tubing in 1/2 , 3/4, 1, and 11/4 in. nominal diameters that meet the requirements for Specifications F876 or F3253, and F2262 respectively. These fittings are intended for use in 125 psi (861.9 kPa) (PEX-AL-PEX) and 100 psi (689.5 kPa) (PEX) cold- and hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180 °F (82 °C). Included are the requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, performance, and markings to be used on the fittings and rings.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Compliance with this specification requires that these fittings be tested and certified to Specification F877 and F2262.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is primarily intended for the evaluation of lubricants for use in two-stroke-cycle engines of high specific output.Note 1—If the test method is being used to satisfy a portion of Specification D4859, refer to the specification for the pass-fail criteria.1.1 This test method2 evaluates the performance of lubricants intended for use in two-stroke-cycle spark-ignition gasoline engines that are particularly prone to ring sticking. Piston varnish and spark plug fouling are also evaluated.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification establishes requirements for sulfone plastic insert fittings utilizing a copper crimp ring for SDR9 cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing for cold- and hot-water distribution systems. Material for fitting shall be molded from sulfone plastic. Molded part shall not crack, split, or shatter and be free of visible splay. Fittings shall be tested for performance requirements such as hydrostatic burst, hydrostatic sustained pressure strength, thermocycling, excessive temperature-pressure capability, dimensions, workmanship, finish, appearance, assembly, crimp joint, and insert crush test.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for sulfone plastic insert fittings and copper crimp rings, or alternate stainless steel clamps for four sizes Nominal Tubing Sizes (NTS) (3/8 , 1/2 , 3/4 , and 1) of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) tubing that meet the requirements for Specification F876 or Specification F3253, or polyethylene of raised temperature (PE-RT) tubing that meet the requirements of Specification F2623 or Specification F2769. These fittings are intended for use in 100 psi (690 kPa) cold- and hot-water distribution systems operating at temperatures up to and including 180 °F (82 °C). Included are the requirements for material, molded part properties, performance, workmanship, dimensions, and markings to be used on the fittings and rings.1.1.1 When used with PEX tubing in accordance with Specification F876, the fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in, but not limited to, residential and commercial, hot- and cold-potable water distribution systems, reclaimed water, fire protection, municipal water service lines, building supply lines, radiant heating and cooling systems, hydronic distribution systems, snow and ice melting systems, geothermal ground loops, district heating, turf conditioning, compressed air distribution, and building services pipe.1.1.2 When used with PEX tubing in accordance with Specification F3253, the fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in residential and commercial hydronic heating and cooling systems.1.1.3 When used with PE-RT tubing in accordance with Specification F2769, the fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in residential and commercial, hot- and cold-potable water distribution systems, and building supply lines.1.1.4 When used with PE-RT tubing in accordance with Specification F2623, the fittings covered by this specification are intended for use in general fluid transport, including hydronics and irrigations systems.1.2 Included are the requirements for material, molded part properties, performance, workmanship, dimensions, and markings to be used on the fittings and rings.1.3 The following is an index of the appendix in this specification:GO/NO-GO Crimp Gauges Appendix X11.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 11 and 12, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method may be used for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, and characterization. Extreme care should be exercised when generating design data.4.2 For a C-ring under diametral compression, the maximum tensile stress occurs at the outer surface. Hence, the C-ring specimen loaded in compression will predominately evaluate the strength distribution and flaw population(s) on the external surface of a tubular component in the hoop direction. Accordingly, the condition of the inner surface may be of lesser consequence in specimen preparation and testing.NOTE 1: A C-ring in tension or an O-ring in compression may be used to evaluate the internal surface.4.2.1 The flexure stress is computed based on simple curved beam theory (1-5).3 It is assumed that the material is isotropic and homogeneous, the moduli of elasticity are identical in compression or tension, and the material is linearly elastic. These homogeneity and isotropy assumptions preclude the use of this standard for continuous fiber reinforced composites. Average grain size(s) should be no greater than one fiftieth (1/50 ) of the C-ring thickness. The curved beam stress solution from engineering mechanics is in good agreement (within 2 %) with an elasticity solution as discussed in (6) for the test specimen geometries recommended for this standard. The curved beam stress equations are simple and straightforward, and therefore it is relatively easy to integrate the equations for calculations for effective area or effective volume for Weibull analyses as discussed in Appendix X1.4.2.2 The simple curved beam and theory of elasticity stress solutions both are two-dimensional plane stress solutions. They do not account for stresses in the axial (parallel to b) direction, or variations in the circumferential (hoop, σθ) stresses through the width (b) of the test piece. The variations in the circumferential stresses increase with increases in width (b) and ring thickness (t). The variations can be substantial (>10 %) for test specimens with large b. The circumferential stresses peak at the outer edges. Therefore, the width (b) and thickness (t) of the specimens permitted in this test method are limited so that axial stresses are negligible (see Ref. (5)) and the variations of the circumferential stresses from the nominal simple curved beam theory stress calculations are typically less than 4 %. See Refs. (4) and (6) for more information on the variation of the circumferential stresses as a function of ring thickness (t) and ring width (b).4.2.3 The test piece outer rim corners are vulnerable to edge damage, another reason to minimize the differences in the circumferential stresses across the ring outer surface.4.2.4 Other geometry C-ring test specimens may be tested, but comprehensive finite element analyses shall be performed to obtain accurate stress distributions. If strengths are to be scaled (converted) to strengths of other sizes or geometries, then Weibull effective volumes or areas shall be computed using the results of the finite element analyses.4.3 Because advanced ceramics exhibiting brittle behavior generally fracture catastrophically from a single dominant flaw for a particular tensile stress field in quasi-static loading, the surface area and volume of material subjected to tensile stresses is a significant factor in determining the ultimate strength. Moreover, because of the statistical distribution of the flaw population(s) in advanced ceramics exhibiting brittle behavior, a sufficient number of specimens at each testing condition is required for statistical analysis and design. This test method provides guidelines for the number of specimens that should be tested for these purposes (see 8.4).4.4 Because of a multitude of factors related to materials processing and component fabrication, the results of C-ring tests from a particular material or selected portions of a part, or both, may not necessarily represent the strength and deformation properties of the full-size end product or its in-service behavior.4.5 The ultimate strength of a ceramic material may be influenced by slow crack growth or stress corrosion, or both, and is therefore sensitive to the testing mode, testing rate, or environmental influences, or a combination thereof. Testing at sufficiently rapid rates as outlined in this test method may minimize the consequences of subcritical (slow) crack growth or stress corrosion.4.6 The flexural behavior and strength of an advanced monolithic ceramic are dependent on the material's inherent resistance to fracture, the presence of flaws, or damage accumulation processes, or a combination thereof. Analysis of fracture surfaces and fractography, though beyond the scope of this test method, is highly recommended (further guidance may be obtained from Practice C1322 and Ref (7)).1.1 This test method covers the determination of ultimate strength under monotonic loading of advanced ceramics in tubular form at ambient temperatures. The ultimate strength as used in this test method refers to the strength obtained under monotonic compressive loading of C-ring specimens such as shown in Fig. 1, where monotonic refers to a continuous nonstop test rate with no reversals from test initiation to final fracture. This method permits a range of sizes and shapes since test specimens may be prepared from a variety of tubular structures. The method may be used with microminiature test specimens.FIG. 1 C-Ring Test Geometry with Defining Geometry and Reference Angle (θ) for the Point of Fracture Initiation on the Circumference1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.2.1 Values expressed in this test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI) and IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the requirements for standard-type needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, and with either open (Type B) or closed ends (Type M). Materials covered by this specification are needle rollers which shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, and shall be of Grade E50100 or E52100. Rings, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from steel, alloy, or carbon, with carburizing grade 4620, 4720, 8620, 8720, or 1010-1020. Needle rollers and rings shall be hardened by heat treatment, and bearings shall be coated with rust preventive film.1.1 This specification covers standard-type needle roller bearings having drawn outer rings, full complement, without inner rings, with either open or closed ends.1.2 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.1.3 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight critical systems of aircraft.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17131, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings. The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged. Bearing inner rings shall be manufactured of steel, alloy or carbon. The raceway (outside diameter) surface shall have a maximum surface roughness conforming to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers inner rings for needle roller bearings with drawn outer rings.1.2 The inner rings specified in this specification are intended for use on unhardened shafts in conjunction with open end needle roller bearings shown on Specification F2162 and MS52141.1.3 The use of recycled materials that meet the requirements of the applicable material specification without jeopardizing the intended use of the item is encouraged.1.4 The inner rings specified in this specification are not intended for use in flight-critical systems of aircraft.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: This specification contains many of the requirements of MS17130, which was originally developed by the Department of Defense and is currently maintained by the Defense Supply Center Richmond.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers various types, classes, and grades of flexible graphite material in which valve media temperatures are limited to a maximum temperature. The material shall be classified into two types, classes, and grades. Type I is a corrugated ribbon or textured tape, Type II is die-formed ring. Class 1 is for use where detrimental material content of the packing need not be controlled beyond normal manufacturing limit and Class 2 is for use where detrimental material content must be controlled to the limits specified herein. Grade A is treated with corrosion inhibitor and Grade B not treated with corrosion inhibitor. Different tests and measurements shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties: size, bulk density, ash content, and graphite purity.1.1 —This specification covers various types, classes, and grades of flexible graphite material in which valve media temperatures are limited to a maximum of 966°C. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM F2168, Sections 1 – 18 apply. Where this specification is invoked as ASTM/DoD F2168, Sections 1 – 18 and the Supplementary Requirements apply.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The C-ring is a versatile, economical specimen for quantitatively determining the susceptibility to stress-corrosion cracking of all types of alloys in a wide variety of product forms. It is particularly suitable for making transverse tests of tubing and rod and for making short-transverse tests of various products as illustrated for plate in Fig. 1.FIG. 1 Sampling Procedure for Testing Various Products1.1 This practice covers the essential features of the design and machining, and procedures for stressing, exposing, and inspecting C-ring type of stress-corrosion test specimens. An analysis is given of the state and distribution of stress in the C-ring.1.2 Specific considerations relating to the sampling process and to the selection of appropriate test environments are outside the scope of this practice.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

The formability of materials is affected by springback, the difference between the final shape of a part and the shape of the die that formed it. Materials having a large amount of springback create difficulties for the die designer and make die rework much more likely and complicated. This can add months and great costs to the achievement of successful dies. While dealing with springback in traditional metals is largely overcome by experience, new metals often have so much springback that they can only be used after much trial and error. The quantification and prediction of the tendency of metals to springback is addressed by this test method.The magnitude of the springback is a convolution of the elastic modulus, the flow stress of the metal of interest, the sheet metal thickness and the amount and type of cold work introduced by the forming process. Since the cup forming process contains features of many forming operations, the amount of springback measured by the Demeri split ring test is indicative of the behavior of the metal in many stamping operations.The amount of springback that occurs in this test is very large compared to other approaches. This improves measurement accuracy and reduces experimental error in all types of formable metals.This test does not require measurement fixtures or any sophisticated profiling equipment for accurate measurement of springback. Conventional length measuring instruments are all that is needed to perform the required measurements.This test can be used to rank materials according to their tendency to springback after a forming operation (see Refs 1-3). Since springback depends on the sheet thickness, metals should be compared at the same thickness. Experience has shown that the test can also be used in conjunction with an appropriate analysis to predict quantitatively the amount of springback occurring after a forming operation (see Refs 2-9).This test provides a method to compare springback predictions by various numerical simulation codes. Test results can be used to calibrate computer simulation codes by selecting proper control parameters and appropriate material models to achieve satisfactory correlation between simulation and test results. Test data can be used to evaluate and improve current forming and simulation capabilities.The experimental setup and test procedure are simple, and test results are highly repeatable.1.1 This test method provides a means of evaluating the springback behavior of metals in a test that simulates a stretch-draw forming process. The test method can also be used to calibrate computer simulation codes by selecting appropriate control parameters to achieve satisfactory correlation between simulation and test results.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 Test methods using suitable ring-type specimens4 are the preferred methods of determining the basic magnetic properties of a material caused by the absence of demagnetizing effects and are well suited for specification acceptance, service evaluation, and research and development. 3.2 Provided the test specimen is representative of the bulk material as is usually the case for thin strip and wire, this test is also suitable for design purposes. 3.3 When the test specimen is not necessarily representative of the bulk material such as a ring machined from a large forging or casting, the results of this test method may not be an accurate indicator of the magnetic properties of the bulk material. In such instances, the test results when viewed in context of past performance history will be useful for judging the suitability of the current material for the intended application. 1.1 This test method covers dc testing for the determination of basic magnetic properties of materials in the form of ring, toroidal, link, double-lapped Epstein cores, or other standard shapes which may be cut, stamped, machined, or ground from cast, compacted, sintered, forged, or rolled materials. It includes tests for determination of the normal magnetization curve and hysteresis loop taken under conditions of steep wavefront reversals of the direct-current magnetic field strength. 1.2 This test method shall be used in conjunction with Practice A34/A34M. 1.3 This test method is suitable for a testing range from very low magnetic field strength up to 200 or more Oe [15.9 or more kA/m]. The lower limit is determined by integrator sensitivity and the upper limit by heat generation in the magnetizing winding. Special techniques and short duration testing may extend the upper limit of magnetic field strength. 1.4 Testing under this test method is inherently more accurate than other methods. When specified dimensional or shape requirements are observed, the measurements are a good approximation to absolute properties. Test accuracy available is primarily limited by the accuracy of instrumentation. In most cases, equivalent results may be obtained using Test Method A773/A773M or the test methods of IEC Publication 60404-4. 1.5 This test method permits a choice of test specimen to permit measurement of properties in any desired direction relative to the direction of crystallographic orientation without interference from external yoke systems. 1.6 The symbols and abbreviated definitions used in this test method appear in Fig. 1 and Sections 5, 6, 9, and 10. For the official definitions see Terminology A340. FIG. 1 Basic Circuit Using Ring-Type Cores Note 1:  A1—Multirange ammeter, main-magnetizing current circuit A2—Multirange ammeter, hysteresis-current circuit N1—Magnetizing (primary) winding N2—Flux-sensing (secondary) winding F—Electronic integrator R1—Main current control rheostat R2—Hysteresis current control rheostat S1—Reversing switch S2—Shunting switch for hysteresis current control rheostat 1.7 Warning—Mercury has been designated by EPA and many state agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s website (http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm ) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state may be prohibited by state law. 1.8 The values stated in either customary (cgs-emu and inch-pound) units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within this test method, the SI units are shown in brackets except for the sections concerning calculations where there are separate sections for the respective unit systems. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with this method. 1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers aluminum and aluminum-alloy die forgings, hand forgings, and rolled ring forgings and includes the following UNS alloy designations: A91100, A92014, A92018, A92025, A92219, A92618, A93003, A94032, A95083, A96061, A96066, A96151, A97049, A97050, A97075, A97076, and A97175. Tempers covered by this specification includes: H112, T4, T6, T61, T73, T74, T7352, T7452, T7454, T652, T852, and H111 as well as F and 01 types. The forgings may be manufactured by pressing, hammering, or rolling, at the option of the producer. Requirements for quality assurance, chemical analysis, tension and hardness tests, heat treatment, heat-treat response, and stress corrosion resistance and stress-corrosion cracking test are detailed. The forgings shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for aluminum, silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, zirconium, and titanium. Forgings having the specified thickness shall meet the requirements specified for the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness. 1.1 This specification2 covers aluminum-alloy (Note 1) die forgings, hand forgings, and rolled ring forgings as shown in Table 2, Table 3, and Table 4 in Section 10 for heat-treatable alloy forgings supplied in the F and 01 tempers. The maximum thicknesses for forgings within the scope of this specification are as indicated in those tables. Note 1: Throughout this specification use of the term alloy in the general sense includes aluminum as well as aluminum alloy. Note 2: For forging stock supplied as rolled, cold-finished bar, extruded bar, or rod see Specification B211/B211M. 1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1(M). The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designations are those of Table 1 preceded by A9, for example, A91100 for aluminum 1100 in accordance with Practice E527. 1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2. 1.4 This specification is the inch-pound companion to Specification B247M; therefore, no SI equivalents are presented in the specification. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

3.1 In general, with materials of these types, softening does not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceedingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.3.2 In these test methods, the softening point is defined as the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm (1 in.) under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at 5 °C/min in a water, glycerin, silicone oil, ethylene glycol/water or glycerin/water bath.3.3 The automatic method was chosen to be the reference method because a round robin demonstrated that it gave more precise results than the manual method.1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin and terpene resins) and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.NOTE 1: For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Method D36.1.1.1 Test method using the automated ring and ball softening point apparatus is the reference method and the test method using the manual ring and ball method is an alternative method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers aluminum and aluminum-alloy die forgings, hand forgings, and rolled ring forgings and includes the following UNS alloy designations: A91100, A92014, A92018, A92025, A92219, A92618, A93003, A94032, A95083, A96061, A96066, A96151, A97049, A97050, A97075, A97076, and A97175. Tempers covered by this specification includes: H112, T4, T6, T61, T73, T74, T7352, T7452, T7454, T652, T852, and H111 as well as F and 01 types. The forgings may be manufactured by pressing, hammering, or rolling, at the option of the producer. Requirements for quality assurance, chemical analysis, tension and hardness tests, heat treatment, heat-treat response, and stress corrosion resistance and stress-corrosion cracking test are detailed. The forgings shall conform to the chemical composition requirements prescribed for aluminum, silicon, iron, copper, manganese, magnesium, chromium, nickel, zinc, zirconium, and titanium. Forgings having the specified thickness shall meet the requirements specified for the mechanical properties such as tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, and Brinell hardness. 1.1 This specification covers aluminum-alloy (Note 1) die forgings, hand forgings, and rolled ring forgings as shown in Tables 2-4 and in Section 10 for heat-treatable alloy forgings supplied in the F and 01 tempers. The maximum thicknesses for forgings within the scope of this specification are as indicated in those tables. Note 1: Throughout this specification use of the term alloy in the general sense includes aluminum as well as aluminum alloy. Note 2: For forging stock supplied as rolled or cold-finished bar or rod see Specification B211/B211M. For forging stock supplied as extruded bar or rod see Specification B221M. 1.2 Alloy and temper designations are in accordance with ANSI H35.1/H35.1(M). The equivalent Unified Numbering System alloy designations are those of Table 1 preceded by A9, for example, A91100 for aluminum 1100 in accordance with Practice E527. 1.3 For acceptance criteria for inclusion of new aluminum and aluminum alloys in this specification, see Annex A2. 1.4 This specification is the SI companion to Specification B247. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 The ring shear test is suited to the relatively rapid determination of drained residual shear strength because of the short drainage path through the thin specimen, the constant cross-sectional area of the shear surface during shear, unlimited rotational displacement in one direction, and the capability of testing one specimen under different effective normal stresses to obtain clay particles that are oriented parallel to the direction of shear to obtain residual shear strength envelope.5.2 The apparatus allows a reconstituted specimen to be overconsolidated and presheared prior to drained shearing. Overconsolidation and preshearing of the reconstituted specimen significantly reduces the horizontal displacement required to reach a residual condition, and therefore, reduces soil extrusion, wall friction, and other problems (Stark and Eid, 1993)3. This simulates a preexisting shear surface along which the drained residual strength can be mobilized.5.3 The ring shear test specimen is annular so the angular displacement differs from the inner edge to the outer edge. At the residual condition, the shear strength is constant across the specimen so the difference in shear stress between the inner and outer edges of the specimen is negligible.NOTE 1: Notwithstanding the statements on precision and bias contained in this test method: The precision of this test method is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not ensure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Fine-grained soils in this Test Method are restricted to soils containing no more than 15 % fine sand (100 % passing the 425 μm (No. 40) sieve and no more than 15 % retained on the 75 μm (No. 200) sieve).A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.1.2 This test method provides a procedure for performing a torsional ring shear test under a drained condition to determine the residual shear strength of fine-grained soils. This test method is performed by shearing a reconstituted, overconsolidated, presheared specimen at a controlled displacement rate until the constant drained shear resistance is established on a single shear surface determined by the configuration of the apparatus.1.3 In this test, the specimen rotates in one direction until the constant or residual shear resistance is established. The amount of rotation is converted to displacement using the average radius of the specimen and multiplying it by numbers of degrees traveled and 0.0174.1.4 An intact specimen or a specimen with a natural shear surface can be used for testing. However, obtaining a natural slip surface specimen, determining the direction of field shearing, and trimming and aligning the usually non-horizontal shear surface in the ring shear apparatus is difficult. As a result, this test method focuses on the use of a reconstituted specimen to determine the residual strength. An unlimited amount of continuous shear displacement can be achieved to obtain a residual strength condition in a ring shear device.1.5 A shear stress-displacement relationship may be obtained from this test method. However, a shear stress-strain relationship or any associated quantity, such as modulus, cannot be determined from this test method because the height of the shear zone unknown, so an accurate or representative shear strain cannot be determined.1.6 The selection of effective normal stresses and determination of the shear strength parameters for design analyses are the responsibility of the professional or office requesting the test. Generally, three or more effective normal stresses are applied to a test specimen in a multi-stage test or a new specimen can be used for each effective normal stress to determine the drained residual failure envelope.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.8 All measured and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026 unless superseded by this standard.1.8.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in the standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The method will provide information on the ability of pipeline coatings to resist cracking, spalling, or other mechanical damage as a result of bending. If the test is applied to coated pipe samples from commercial production, the results can be used in the selection of similar materials for service. The test has application as a quality control method when variations in coating application or material formulation may affect bending performance.1.1 This method covers testing the relative resistance of pipeline coatings to cracking and spalling from deformation of the pipe by observing the effects of diametral compression of ring samples. The method is limited to thin film coatings having an elongation not exceeding 5.0 %.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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