3.1 The contributions of an effective vessel-mounted camera system:3.1.1 Provide a tactical image of the portion of spill in the vicinity of the vessel upon which the system is mounted,3.1.2 Assist in detection of slicks when they are not observable by persons operating at, or near, the water’s surface or at night,3.1.3 Provide assistance identifying the area of heaviest oil concentration,3.1.4 Provide input for the operational deployment of equipment,3.1.5 Extend the hours of clean-up operations to include darkness and poor visibility,3.1.6 Locate reported oil-on-water, and3.1.7 Guidance for operational crews to the slick(s).1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for the selection of camera remote sensing systems that are vessel-mounted for the detection of oil on water.1.2 This guide applies to the detection of oil-on-water involving cameras of IR, visible, ultra-violet, or night vision types.1.3 The context of camera use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.1.4 This guide is generally applicable to all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.1.5 Many camera technologies exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating between the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or various camera settings.1.6 In general remote sensing systems are used to detect and delineate the overall slick. Vessel-mounted systems are used only to provide a tactical image in the vicinity of the recovery vessel.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Leakage of gas or liquid from a pressurized system, whether through a crack, orifice, seal break, or other opening, may involve turbulent or cavitational flow, which generates acoustic energy in both the external atmosphere and the system pressure boundary. Acoustic energy transmitted through the pressure boundary can be detected at a distance by using a suitable acoustic emission sensor.4.2 With proper selection of frequency passband, sensitivity to leak signals can be maximized by eliminating background noise. At low frequencies, generally below 100 kHz, it is possible for a leak to excite mechanical resonances within the structure that may enhance the acoustic signals used to detect leakage.4.3 This practice is not intended to provide a quantitative measure of leak rates.1.1 This practice describes a passive method for detecting and locating the steady state source of gas and liquid leaking out of a pressurized system. The method employs surface-mounted acoustic emission sensors (for non-contact sensors see Test Method E1002), or sensors attached to the system via acoustic waveguides (for additional information, see Terminology E1316), and may be used for continuous in-service monitoring and hydrotest monitoring of piping and pressure vessel systems. High sensitivities may be achieved, although the values obtainable depend on sensor spacing, background noise level, system pressure, and type of leak.1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standards.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers rear-mounted bicycle child carriers. It does not cover child carriers mounted in front of handlebars or to the top tube, head tube, or behind the handlebars in front of the rider. The carrier shall be manufactured free of burrs, sharp edges, and sharp points; when present, these shall be properly covered with protective coatings to prevent injuries. In addition, the carrier shall be equipped with a rear reflector, footrests, backrest, armrests, protective devices to prevent contact of hands and feet with moving or movable components of the bicycle, and belt or capturing devices to keep the child from standing in or leaving the carrier. The carrier shall be protected against corrosion, with any plastic or synthetic components stabilized against ultraviolet radiation and resistant to ozone. Tests for high and low temperature resistance, high and low temperature drop, and strength shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified. Additional tests for flammability, sharp points, sharp edges, ambient drop, retention system pull, and retention system security may be performed as well.1.1 This specification covers child carriers that mount to the rear of bicycles in order to transport children or accessory loads with a maximum weight of 18 kg (40 lb). This specification does not apply to child carriers that mount in front of the handlebars, or to the top tube, head tube, or behind the handlebars in front of the rider.NOTE 1: In the instructions, the manufacturer must warn the rider that a load added to the bicycle will lessen the stability and alter the riding characteristics of the bicycle. This complication is particularly important when riding with children who are near the high end of the weight range.1.2 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 5, 6, and 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers design and construction, physical properties, and performance requirements for cooktops which utilize induction as a means for cooking and warming food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. Included are tabletop units, drop-in units and floor standing equipment with integral induction hobs. Testing methods include temperature control accuracy test, dry pan test, minimum load detection test, operating power test, and induction cooktop efficiency test.1.1 This specification covers cooktops which utilize induction as a means for cooking and warming food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. Included are tabletop units, drop-in units and floor standing equipment with integral induction hobs.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI values given in parentheses are provided for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The existing Test Method F1995, while very useful, is difficult to conduct if an encapsulating dome is applied, and does not reveal the possible failures caused by mechanical stress incompatibility in the overall SMT joint. This mandrel bend test will reveal possible mechanical stress incompatibility between the various adhesives which can result in latent field failures during production handling or with thermal cycling in normal use.4.2 The existing Test Method F2750 does not include specifics for SMD attachments and only addresses the conductivity change of the conductive trace.4.3 The different combinations of SMD types, attachment medias, circuit substrates and process variation can account for significant variation in test outcome.4.4 Bending of printed flexible circuit or their components can affect their visual appearance, mechanical integrity or electrical functionality. This test method simulates conditions that may be seen during manufacture, installation, or use.4.5 Bend testing may be destructive, therefore any samples tested should be considered unfit for future use.1.1 This test method covers a means to test a completed Surface Mounted Device (SMD) joint for bond strength and inter-layer stress compatibility1.2 A completed SMD joint includes; SMD (LED, resistor, etc), PTF ink land (typically silver), conductive adhesive (typically silver), staking compound (non-conductive), and encapsulant (non-conductive).

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The purpose of this test method is to measure the net heat flux to or from a surface location. For measurement of the radiant energy component the emissivity or absorptivity of the surface coating of the gage is required. When measuring the convective energy component the potential physical and thermal disruptions of the surface must be minimized and characterized. Requisite is to consider how the presence of the gage alters the surface heat flux. The desired quantity is usually the heat flux at the surface location without the presence of the gage.5.1.1 Temperature limitations are determined by the gage material properties, the method of mounting the sensing element, and how the lead wires are attached. The range of heat flux that can be measured and the time response are limited by the gage design and construction details. Measurements of a fraction of 1 kW/m 2 to above 10 MW/m2 are easily obtained with current gages. With thin film sensors a time response of less than 10 μs is possible, while thicker sensors may have response times on the order of 1 s. It is important to choose the gage style and characteristics to match the range and time response of the required application.5.1.2 When differential thermocouple sensors are operated as specified for one-dimensional heat flux and within the corresponding time response limitations, the voltage output is directly proportional to the heat flux. The sensitivity, however, may be a function of the gage temperature.5.2 The measured heat flux is based on one-dimensional analysis with a uniform heat flux over the surface of the gage. Measurements of convective heat flux are particularly sensitive to disturbances of the temperature of the surface. Because the heat-transfer coefficient is also affected by any non-uniformities in the surface temperature, the effect of a small temperature change with location is further amplified as explained by Moffat et al. (2) and Diller (3). Moreover, the smaller the gage surface area, the larger is the effect on the heat transfer coefficient of any surface temperature non-uniformity. Therefore, surface temperature disruptions caused by the gage should be kept much smaller than the surface to environment temperature difference driving the heat flux. This necessitates a good thermal path between the sensor and the surface into which it is mounted. If the gage is not water cooled, a good thermal pathway to the system’s heat sink is important. The gage should have an effective thermal conductivity as great or greater than the surrounding material. It should also have good physical contact insured by a tight fit in the hole and a method to tighten the gage into the surface. An example method used to tighten the gage to the surface material is illustrated in Fig. 2. The gage housing has a flange and a separate tightening nut tapped into the surface material.FIG. 2 Diagram of an Installed Insert Heat-Flux Gage5.2.1 If the gage is water cooled, the thermal pathway to the plate is less important. The heat transfer to the gage enters the water as the heat sink instead of the surrounding plate. Consequently, the thermal resistance between the gage and plate may even be increased to discourage heat transfer from the plate to the cooling water. Unfortunately, this may also increase the thermal mismatch between the gage and surrounding surface.5.2.2 Fig. 2 shows a heat flux gage mounted into a plate with the surface temperature of the gage of Ts and the surface temperature of the surrounding plate of Tp. As previously discussed, a difference in temperature between the gage and plate may also increase the local heat transfer coefficient over the gage. This amplifies the measurement error. Consequently, a well designed heat flux gage will keep the temperature difference between the gage surface and the plate to a minimum, particularly if any convection is being measured.5.2.3 Under transient or unsteady heat transfer conditions a different thermal capacitance of the gage than the surrounding material may also cause a temperature difference that affects the measured heat flux. Independent measures of the substrate and the gage surface temperatures are advantageous for defining the heat transfer coefficient and ensuring that the gage thermal disruption is acceptably small.5.3 The heat flux gages described here may also be water cooled to increase their survivability when introduced into high temperature environments. By limiting the rise in gage temperature, however, a large disruption of the measured heat flux may result, particularly if convection is present. For convection measurements to match the heat flux experienced by the surrounding surface, the gage temperature must match the temperature of that surface. This will usually require the surrounding surface to also be water cooled.5.4 The time response of the heat flux sensor can be estimated analytically if the thermal properties of the thermal resistance layer are well known. The time required for 98 % response to a step input (4) based on a one-dimensional analysis is:where α is the thermal diffusivity of the TRL. Covering or encapsulation layers must also be included in the analysis. The calibrated gage sensitivity in Eq 3 applies only under steady-state conditions.5.4.1 For thin-film sensors the TRL material properties may be much different from those of bulk materials. Therefore, a direct experimental verification of the time response is desirable. If the gage is designed to absorb radiation, a pulsed laser or optically switched Bragg cell can be used to give rise times of less than 1 μs (5,6). A rise time on the order of 5 μs can be provided in a convective flow with a shock tunnel (7).5.4.2 Because the response of these gages is close to an exponential rise, a measure of the first-order time constant, τ, for the gage can be obtained by matching the experimental response to step changes in heat flux with exponential curves.The value of the step change in imposed heat flux is represented by qss. The resulting time constant characterizes the first-order sensor response.5.4.3 The time response of the gage can be improved by up to a factor of 28 by using a simple data processing routine (8). It uses a combination of the temporal and spatial temperature measurements of the sensor. This is another reason for measuring and recording temperature signals along with the heat flux.1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the net heat flux normal to a surface using gages inserted flush with the surface. The geometry is the same as heat-flux gages covered by Test Method E511, but the measurement principle is different. The gages covered by this standard all use a measurement of the temperature gradient normal to the surface to determine the heat that is exchanged to or from the surface. Although in a majority of cases the net heat flux is to the surface, the gages operate by the same principles for heat transfer in either direction.1.2 This general test method is quite broad in its field of application, size and construction. Two different gage types that are commercially available are described in detail in later sections as examples. A summary of common heat-flux gages is given by Diller (1).2 Applications include both radiation and convection heat transfer. The gages used for aerospace applications are generally small (0.155 to 1.27 cm diameter), have a fast time response (10 μs to 1 s), and are used to measure heat flux levels in the range 0.1 to 10 000 kW/m2. Industrial applications are sometimes satisfied with physically larger gages.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method will provide guidance for the measurement of the net heat flux to or from a surface location. To determine the radiant energy component the emissivity or absorptivity of the gage surface coating is required and should be matched with the surrounding surface. The potential physical and thermal disruptions of the surface due to the presence of the gage should be minimized and characterized. For the case of convection and low source temperature radiation to or from the surface it is important to consider how the presence of the gage alters the surface heat flux. The desired quantity is usually the heat flux at the surface location without the presence of the gage. 5.1.1 Temperature limitations are determined by the gage material properties and the method of application to the surface. The range of heat flux that can be measured and the time response are limited by the gage design and construction details. Measurements from 10 W/m2 to above 100 kW/m2 are easily obtained with current sensors. Time constants as low as 10 ms are possible, while thicker sensors may have response times greater than 1 s. It is important to choose the sensor style and characteristics to match the range and time response of the required application. 5.2 The measured heat flux is based on one-dimensional analysis with a uniform heat flux over the surface of the gage surface. Because of the thermal disruption caused by the placement of the gage on the surface, this may not be true. Wesley (3) and Baba et al. (4) have analyzed the effect of the gage on the thermal field and heat transfer within the surface substrate and determined that the one-dimensional assumption is valid when: where: ks   =   the thermal conductivity of the substrate material, R   =   the effective radius of the gage, δ   =   the combined thickness, and k   =   the effective thermal conductivity of the gage and adhesive layers. 5.3 Measurements of convective heat flux are particularly sensitive to disturbances of the temperature of the surface. Because the heat transfer coefficient is also affected by any non-uniformities of the surface temperature, the effect of a small temperature change with location is further amplified, as explained by Moffat et al. (2) and Diller (5). Moreover, the smaller the gage surface area, the larger is the effect on the heat-transfer coefficient of any surface temperature non-uniformity. Therefore, surface temperature disruptions caused by the gage should be kept much smaller than the surface to environment temperature difference causing the heat flux. This necessitates a good thermal path between the gage and the surface onto which it is mounted. 5.3.1 Fig. 2 shows a heat-flux gage mounted onto a plate with the surface temperature of the gage of Ts and the surface temperature of the surrounding plate of Tp. The goal is to keep the gage surface temperature as close as possible to the plate temperature to minimize the thermal disruption of the gage. This requires the thermal resistance of the gage and adhesive to be minimized along the thermal pathway from Ts and Tp. FIG. 2 Diagram of an Installed Surface-Mounted Heat-Flux Gage 5.3.2 Another method to avoid the surface temperature disruption problem is to cover the entire surface with the heat-flux gage material. This effectively ensures that the thermal resistance through the gage is matched with that of the surrounding plate. It is important to have independent measures of the substrate surface temperature and the surface temperature of the gage. The gage surface temperature must be used for defining the value of the heat-transfer coefficient. When the gage material does not cover the entire surface, the temperature measurements are needed to ensure that the gage does indeed provide a small thermal disruption. 5.4 The time response of the heat-flux gage can be estimated analytically if the thermal properties of the thermal-resistance layer are well known. The time required for 98 % response to a step input (6) based on a one-dimensional analysis is: where α is the thermal diffusivity of the TRL. Covering or encapsulation layers must also be included in the analysis. Uncertainties in the gage dimensions and properties require a direct experimental verification of the time response. If the gage is designed to absorb radiation, a pulsed laser or optically switched Bragg cell can be used to give rise times of less than 1 μs (7,8). However, a mechanical wheel with slits can be used with a light to give rise times on the order of 1 ms (9), which is generally sufficient. 5.4.1 Because the response of these sensors is close to an exponential rise, a measure of the time constant τ for the sensor can be obtained by matching the experimental response to step changes in heat flux with exponential curves. The value of the step change in imposed heat flux is represented by qss. The resulting time constant characterizes the first-order sensor response. 1.1 This test method describes the measurement of the net heat flux normal to a surface using flat gages mounted onto the surface. Conduction heat flux is not the focus of this standard. Conduction applications related to insulation materials are covered by Test Method C518 and Practices C1041 and C1046. The sensors covered by this test method all use a measurement of the temperature difference between two parallel planes normal to the surface to determine the heat that is exchanged to or from the surface in keeping with Fourier’s Law. The gages operate by the same principles for heat transfer in either direction. 1.2 This test method is quite broad in its field of application, size and construction. Different sensor types are described in detail in later sections as examples of the general method for measuring heat flux from the temperature gradient normal to a surface (1).2 Applications include both radiation and convection heat transfer. The gages have broad application from aerospace to biomedical engineering with measurements ranging form 0.01 to 50 kW/m 2. The gages are usually square or rectangular and vary in size from 1 mm to 10 cm or more on a side. The thicknesses range from 0.05 to 3 mm. 1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are provided for information only. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This specification covers child carriers that position the child ahead of the rider and behind the handlebar of a bicycle. These child carriers transport children with a minimum weight of 12 kg and a maximum weight of 27 kg who are capable of sitting unaided.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The securement of the endovascular stent on the balloon is a critical parameter to ensure that the stent is safely delivered to or from the treatment site.4.2 This guide is intended for use by researchers and manufacturers for the development and selection of pre-test treatments, tests, and test endpoints to measure stent securement (displacement distances and dislodgment forces).4.3 This guide may be used to investigate which practical combinations of in vitro tests best characterize clinical scenarios.4.4 This guide should be used with discretion in choosing securement tests and evaluating results due to the myriad possible combinations of clinical conditions, failure modes, and stent delivery system designs.4.5 This guide may be of use for developing a test for meeting Parts 2 and 3 of the requirements of EN 14299, Section 7.3.4.4 on Trackability.4.6 This guide may be of use for developing a test to meet section VII-C-8 of CDRH Guidance document.1.1 This guide provides guidance for the design and development of pre-test treatments, tests, and test endpoints to measure stent securement of pre-mounted, unsheathed, balloon-expandable stent delivery systems. This guide is intended to aid investigators in the design, development, and in vitro characterization of pre-mounted, unsheathed, balloon-expandable stent delivery systems.1.2 This guide covers the laboratory determination of the shear force required to displace or dislodge a balloon-expandable endovascular stent mounted on a delivery system. The guide proposes a set of options to consider when testing stent securement. The options cover pre-test treatments, possible stent securement tests, and relevant test endpoints. An example test apparatus is given in 7.1.1.3 This guide covers in vitro bench testing characterization only. Measured levels of securement and product design/process differentiation may be particularly influenced by selections of pre-test treatments, securement test type (for example, stent gripping method), and test endpoint. In vivo characteristics may also differ from in vitro results.1.4 This guide does not cover all possible pre-test treatments, stent securement tests, or test endpoints. It is intended to provide a starting point from which to select and investigate securement test options.1.5 This guide does not specify a method for mounting the stent onto the delivery system.1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the design testing of mechanical and electrical characteristics of structure-mounted insulating work platforms for electrical workers in conjunction with personal protective equipment while working on energized circuits. This shall include, but not limited to, insulating gloves with protectors or insulating and insulated hotsticks, or both and a fall protection device that does not compromise the electrical insulating protection of the platform. The platforms shall be subjected to electrical test to determine the leakage current and the ability of the specimen to withstand certain alternating-current potential without flashover between electrodes. Mechanical test shall also be conducted to allow deflection measurement under controlled loading and to determine the ability of the platform to withstand this loading without visible damages such as cracks, delamination, permanent deformation, or discoloration.1.1 This specification covers the design testing of mechanical and electrical characteristics of structure-mounted insulating work platforms used by electrical workers.1.2 Platforms covered by this specification are singleworker platforms not exceeding 9 ft (2.75 m) in length. Platforms designed to support more than one worker at a time are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 Non-insulating platforms are not within the scope of this specification.1.4 The use and maintenance of this equipment are beyond the scope of this specification.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9 of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 With the rapid growth of the use of photovoltaic systems in buildings, roof mounted arrays continue to be one of the most prevalent forms of installations. These roof mounted arrays typically feature penetrations into the roof system, which can result in water leakage issues if not properly flashed or applied to the roof system.4.2 Structural integrity and durability of the application of the roof mounted array to the roof system must be adequate per applicable codes and regulations. This applies to both the photovoltaic module-to-array mounting structure interface and the array mounting structure-to-roof interface.4.3 The installation of roof mounted arrays presents certain hazards that must be addressed, which include fall protection, carrying loads up ladders, wind and rain exposure during installation, and electrical exposure during connections.4.4 The topics covered in 4.1 through 4.3 are potentially a significant barrier to broad acceptance of roof mounted photovoltaic systems if not adequately addressed.1.1 This practice details minimum requirements for the installation of roof mounted photovoltaic arrays on steep-sloped roofs with water-shedding roof coverings. These requirements include proper water-shedding integration with the roof system, material properties, flashing of roof penetrations, and sufficient anchoring per regional design load requirements.1.1.1 This practice does not apply to building-integrated or adhesively attached photovoltaic systems that are applied as roof-covering components.1.2 This practice does not cover the electrical aspects of installation.1.3 Installation considerations are divided into two distinct aspects: the interface between the photovoltaic module and the array mounting structure, and the interface between the array mounting structure and the roof or roof structure.1.4 Safety and hazard considerations unique to this application, such as worker fall protection, electrical exposure, accessibility of modules, and roof clearance around the perimeter of the array are addressed by other codes, standards, or authorities having jurisdiction.1.5 This practice is intended to provide recommended installation practices for use by installers, specifiers, inspectors, or for specification by photovoltaic module manufacturers.1.6 This practice provides minimum guidelines and should be used in conjunction with module and mounting system manufacturers’ instructions. This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM Standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This practice is not intended to replace or supersede any other applicable local codes, standards or Licensed Design Professional instructions for a given installation.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards are given in Section 8.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide establishes minimum standards criteria for MSAR personnel. Users of this guide shall have the ability to be a self-supporting deployable resource (for self and equine) and should be self-supporting while at base camp for a minimum duration of 24 h.4.2 At no time will this standard supersede any established protocol of international, national, federal, state, tribal, local, or regional governments.4.3 MSAR responders work with a variety of individuals and organizations, including law enforcement, fire and rescue, casual volunteers and family members of the missing subject(s).4.4 This standard does not address the wearing of a riding helmet while deployed on an MSAR mission. However, users of this standard shall be aware that many AHJ’s require the wearing of riding helmets while deployed on an MSAR mission and out of area response may require wearing a riding helmet.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSA) required for an MSAR responder and their equine during the deployment involving lost or missing persons and related non-technical rescue skills used to stabilize or minimize a missing person (subject) from remaining in peril.1.2 MSAR users of the guide shall meet or hold the certified equivalent KSA defined in Guide F2209.1.3 Users of this standard should, at minimum, have pre-existing basic horsemanship skills that are equivalent to what is published within: The United States Pony Club Manual of Horsemanship: Basics for Beginners/D Level (1).21.4 Users of this standard should be aware of other MSAR standards, requirements, guidelines, policies, procedures, or protocols, or combinations thereof that have been established and which may be under the jurisdiction of federal, state, tribal, local, or other regional authorities (for examples of two (USA) state level MSAR standards, see Refs 2 and 3).1.5 This standard is created without bias to the type of tack, gear, packs, first aid supplies, personal protective equipment (for self or equine), or riding discipline that is practiced by the MSAR responder.1.6 This standard does not address the mounted evacuation of a subject, although an AHJ may determine when and if a mounted evacuation would be appropriate and what local protocols will be implemented.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers the material, design, and performance requirements associated with the construction of non-tilting (Type I) and tilting (Type II) jacketed kettles that use steam as a heat source for cooking food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. The kettles shall be available in four styles as follows: Style 1—floor mounted, pedestal; Style 2—floor mounted, with legs; Style 3—wall mounted; and Style 4—cabinetized. The kettles shall be classified into the following classes: Class A—directly connected to an external heat source; Class B—self-contained, gas-fired steam generator; and Class C—self-contained, electric steam generator. They shall also be grouped into three Grades according to maximum working pressure rating, and ten sizes according to capacity. The products shall be evaluated for their conformance with capacity, heating time, and energy utilization requirements.1.1 This specification covers jacketed kettles that use steam as a heat source for cooking food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. This specification does not cover equipment used by food processors who normally package the food that they cook.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers jacketed kettles using steam as a source of heat for cooking food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. However, it does not cover equipment used by food processors. Covered by this specification are jacketed kettles of various sizes (capacities), grades (Grades 1-3 based on maximum working pressure), styles (Styles 1-5 according to mounting configuration), and classes (Classes A-D based on steam source, whether direct steam or gas-fired or electric steam generator). Kettle and steam jacket shall be manufactured from Type 304, 304L, 316, or 316L corrosion resistant steel. All exterior surfaces of Styles 3-5 kettle stands and bases shall be made of Type 302, 304, 316, or 430 corrosion resistant steel, while those of the kettle mount or support base shall be chrome plated or made of Type 304, 316, or 430 corrosion resistant steel such as for exterior surfaces of console and base of Class B and C kettles. As specified, the kettles shall be provided with the following components: insulation casing, covers and/or operating handles, safety relief valve, swing spout water supply, basket insert, tilt mechanism (hand or crank tilt), kettle mount or support base, control box, safety cut-off, and thermostat. The kettle shall be tested for capacity, heating time, and energy utilization, and shall conform to the requirements specified.1.1 This specification covers jacketed kettles that use steam as a heat source for cooking food in commercial and institutional food service establishments. This specification does not cover equipment used by food processors who normally package the food that they cook.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车