5.1 This guide provides information that could be used to:5.1.1 Establish a hazardous material instrument program;5.1.2 Help ensure that consistently reliable instruments are available for the detection of hazardous materials; and5.1.3 Provide the safety professional with the means to evaluate the risk and facilitate the mitigation of the threat from hazardous materials.5.2 This guide provides information to help perform the following:5.2.1 Select detection equipment;5.2.2 Maintain the equipment in a manner that supports its immediate use when required; and5.2.3 Store equipment using proper methods and conditions between uses.5.2.4 Calibrate equipment in accordance with manufacturer’s recommendations and regulatory requirements:5.2.4.1 At appropriate intervals;5.2.4.2 Using appropriate standards; and5.2.4.3 While maintaining proper documentation of calibration and repair.5.2.5 Use and verify equipment performance:5.2.5.1 As recommended by the manufacturer for its intended application;5.2.5.2 By performing functional checks; and5.2.5.3 By knowing any limitations of use.5.3 This guide also provides information regarding the types of materials to be included in training programs for the use and maintenance of the equipment.1.1 This guide provides techniques that can be used to ensure the proper operation and use of Hazardous Material detection equipment. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances.1.2 This guide is not intended to represent or replace any accreditation or certification documents by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged.1.3 This guide does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 When using HAZMAT equipment follow the manufacturer’s guidance and appropriate safety practices for the expected or suspected threat.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The accuracy of many analytical measurements is dependent upon the manner in which the standard solutions are prepared and stored, and the accuracy with which they are standardized. Combining the methods recommended for the preparation and handling of such solutions into one practice eliminates the necessity for covering such details in all of the methods wherein the solutions are used.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the preparation, standardization, and storage of the standard volumetric solutions and reagent testing solutions commonly used in chemical analysis.1.2 The information in this practice is arranged as follows:  SectionsReferenced Documents 2Terminology 3 4Apparatus 5Temperature effects 6Measurements 7Reagents 8Concentration of solutions 9Mixing of solutions 10Storage of solutions 11Preparation and standardization of solutions 12Precision and Bias 13Sodium hydroxide solution, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 14 to 19Hydrochloric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 20 to 28Sulfuric acid, 0.02 to 1.0 meq/mL (N) 29 to 33Hydrochloric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N) 34 to 38Sulfuric acid, special 1 meq/mL (N) 39 to 43Silver nitrate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 44 to 48Ammonium thiocyanate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 49 to 53Iodine solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 54 to 58Sodium thiosulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 59 to 63Potassium permanganate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 64 to 68Potassium dichromate solution, 0.1 meq/mL(N) 69 to 73Methanolic sodium hydroxide solution, 0.5 meq/mL (N) 74 to 79Ceric sulfate solution, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 80 to 84Acetous perchloric acid, 0.1 meq/mL (N) 85 to 89Disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate solution, 0.05 mol/L(M) 90 to 94Standard ion solutions 95Nonstandardized reagent solutions and indicator solutions 961.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given throughout this practice. Consult current OSHA regulations, suppliers’ Safety Data Sheets, and local regulations for all materials used in this specification.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method is intended primarily to measure the gloss retention of waxed specimens exhibiting relatively good gloss. 1.2 The values stated in acceptable metric units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 In order to demonstrate conformance to regulatory requirements and support the post-closure repository performance assessment information is required about the attributes, characteristics, and behavior of the SNF. These properties of the SNF in turn support the transport, interim storage, and repository pre-closure safety analyses, and repository post-closure performance assessment. In the United States, the interim dry storage of commercial LWR SNF is regulated per the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 72, which requires that the cladding must not sustain during the interim storage period any “gross” damage sufficient to release fuel from the cladding into the container environment. In other countries, the appropriate governing body will set regulations regarding interim dry storage of commercial LWR SNF. However, cladding damage insufficient to allow the release of fuel during the interim storage period may still occur in the form of small cracks or pinholes that can develop into much larger defects. These cracks/pinholes could be sufficient to classify the fuel as “failed fuel” or “breached fuel” per the definitions given in Section 3 for repository disposal purposes, because they could allow contact of water vapor or liquid with the spent fuel matrix and thus provide a pathway for radionuclide release from the waste form. Therefore SNF characterization should be adequate to determine the amount of “failed fuel” for either usage as required. This could involve the examination of reactor operating records, ultrasonic testing, sipping, and analysis of the residual water and drying kinetics of the spent fuel assemblies or canisters.5.2 Regulations in each country may contain constraints and limitations on the chemical or physical (or both) properties and long-term degradation behavior of the spent fuel and HLW in the repository. Evaluating the design and performance of the waste form (WF), waste packaging (WP), and the rest of the engineered barrier system (EBS) with respect to these regulatory constraints requires knowledge of the chemical/physical characteristics and degradation behavior of the SNF that could be provided by the testing and data evaluation methods provided by this guide, using the United States as an example, as follows:5.2.1 In the United States, for example, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 60 Sections 135 and 113 require that the WF be a material that is solid, non-particulate, non-pyrophoric, and non-chemically reactive, that the waste package contain no liquid, particulates, or combustible materials and that the materials/components of the EBS be designed to provide—assuming anticipated processes and events—substantially complete containment of the HLW for the NRC-designated regulatory period.5.2.2 In the United States, for example, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 113 requires that the EBS be designed such that, working in combination with the natural barriers, the performance assessment of the EBS demonstrates conformance to the annual reasonably expected individual dose protection standard of Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 311 and the reasonably maximally exposed individual standard of Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 312, and shall not exceed EPA dose limits for protection of groundwater of Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 331 during the NRC-designated regulatory compliance period after permanent closure.5.2.3 In the United States, for example, Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 114 (e), (f), and (g) and Code of Federal Regulations, Title 10, Part 63 Section 115 (c) require that a technical basis be provided for the inclusion or exclusion of degradation/alteration processes pertinent to the barriers of the EBS, and that likewise a technical basis be provided for the degradation/alteration models used in the post-closure performance assessment of the capability of the EBS barriers to isolate waste.5.3 The enhanced chemical reactivity and degraded condition of corroded/damaged uranium metal-based SNF must be accounted for in both the pre-closure safety analyses and the post-closure performance assessment of the geologic repository. An example of this would be the potential for pyrophoric behavior in uranium metal-based SNF (see Guide C1454). Due to the combustibility of the metallic uranium or uranium hydride (or both), and the enhanced aqueous dissolution rates for the exposed uranium metal, the potential for enhanced chemical activity or pyrophoric behavior must be factored into the repository or interim storage facility safety analyses, and assessments of the potential for radionuclide releases from the repository site boundary after repository closure.5.4 Characterization of several key properties of SNF may be required to support the design and performance analyses of both repository above-ground SNF receipt and lag storage facilities, the WP into which the SNF is placed, and the subsurface permanent emplacement drift EBS.5.4.1 Repository waste package design must ensure that the waste to be placed in the repository can be accommodated within the radionuclide and thermal loading ranges of the waste package drift emplacement licensing conditions. To do this the radionuclide content and oxidation rate when exposed to oxygen/water environments should be determined.5.4.2 The condition of the LWR spent fuel cladding (particularly with respect to hydride content and morphology) could potentially influence the performance of the cladding in interim storage, transportation, and geologic repository disposal. The corrosion and consequent failure rate of cladding with high hydride content may be greater than that of low or no hydride content. If the performance assessment is found to be sensitive to the failure rate of the cladding, it may be necessary to perform zirconium hydride content and orientation testing, particularly for high burnup LWR SNF.5.4.3 Metallic uranium-based spent fuel introduces aspects of chemical reactivity, such as combustibility and pyrophoricity (see C1454), that should be addressed in WP design and performance assessment, and in safety analyses associated with interim storage and transportation prior to repository emplacement. Metallic uranium-based nuclear fuel has been widely used in nuclear reactors; sometimes for commercial reactors (for example, Magnox) but more often in plutonium and tritium production reactors. The manner of discharge of metallic uranium SNF from these production reactors, and/or the manner of temporary wet storage of that portion of the spent fuel that was not reprocessed has in many instances resulted in significant corrosion and mechanical damage to the SNF assemblies. This damage has resulted in the direct exposure of the metallic uranium to the basin water. The relatively high chemical reactivity of uranium in contact with water can result in significant physical damage to the assemblies as the result of corrosion product buildup, and the creation in the exposed fuel surface and fuel matrix of uranium hydride inclusions which in turn further increase the chemical activity of the material. The reaction of this spent fuel with air, water vapor, or liquid water can introduce a significant heat source term into design basis events. In order to support the evaluation of these events, the physical condition (that is, the degree of optically/visually observable damage), the chemical oxidation kinetics, the ignition characteristics, and radionuclide release characteristics of the SNF should be investigated.5.4.4 The thermal analysis of the waste package/engineered barrier system requires quantification of the potential chemical heat source. To determine this, the amount of reactive uranium metal in the waste canisters sent to the repository should be provided so the thermal analysis of the waste package/engineered barrier system can be performed.5.4.5 Radionuclide inventories and physical/chemical characteristics are required to enable storage canister, transportation package, and WP loading and emplacement configurations to be developed.5.4.6 Repository WP materials selection and design must account for the potential interactions between the waste and WP. The potential chemical forms of the wastes must be considered, and the effects of residual water or impurities (or both) should be evaluated.5.4.7 The history of the SNF interim storage and transportation conditions prior to delivery to the repository is important whenever the storage conditions may have altered the degradation characteristics of the SNF (for example, with respect to hydride content and morphology in high burnup LWR SNF cladding). Interim dry storage of commercial SNF requires that the fuel cladding should not sustain gross damage during the storage period to the extent that fuel is released from the fuel rods into the canister. Small pinholes or cracks may exist in the cladding during the storage period without violating this interim storage requirement, but may cause the fuel to be classified as failed fuel for repository disposal purposes. The objective of drying commercial SNF fuel is thus to preclude gross damage for interim storage purposes. If the conditions of transport or interim storage are such that there is a significant potential for further degradation of the SNF or change in properties important to the repository pre-closure safety or post-closure performance analyses, the characterization should provide sufficient information to evaluate these changes.1.1 This guide provides guidance for the types and extent of testing that would be involved in characterizing the physical and chemical nature of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) in support of its interim storage, transport, and disposal in a geologic repository. This guide applies primarily to commercial light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel and spent fuel from weapons production, although the individual tests/analyses may be used as applicable to other spent fuels such as those from research reactors, test reactors, molten salt reactors and mixed oxide (MOX) spent fuel. The testing is designed to provide information that supports the design, safety analysis, and performance assessment of a geologic repository for the ultimate disposal of the SNF.1.2 The testing described includes characterization of such physical attributes as physical appearance, weight, density, shape/geometry, degree, and type of SNF cladding damage. The testing described also includes the measurement/examination of such chemical attributes as radionuclide content, microstructure, and corrosion product content, and such environmental response characteristics as drying rates, oxidation rates (in dry air, water vapor, and liquid water), ignition temperature, and dissolution/degradation rates. Not all of the characterization tests described herein must necessarily be performed for any given analysis of SNF performance for interim storage, transportation, or geological repository disposal, particularly in areas where an extensive body of literature already exists for the parameter of interest in the specific service condition.1.3 It is assumed in formulating the SNF characterization activities in this guide that the SNF has been stored in an interim storage facility at some time between reactor discharge and dry transport to a repository. The SNF may have been stored either wet (for example, a spent fuel pool), or dry (for example, an independent spent fuel storage installation (ISFSI)), or both, and that the manner of interim storage may affect the SNF characteristics.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Environmentally sound management of underground storage tank systems involves a broad range of preventative maintenance activities directed toward preventing accidental releases of regulated substances, and effectively detecting and responding to such releases when, and if, they do occur. Numerous technical guidelines are presently available addressing specific procedures for release prevention and response for underground tank systems, including guidelines for tank system design, installation, operation and maintenance, leak detection, spill control, periodic equipment inspections, corrective action for affected environmental media, tank system closure, and operator training. This guide presents an overview, identifying key management considerations and referring the user to other related ASTM standards and industry guidelines for more detailed information.4.2 Tank System Design and Installation—The first step in environmentally sound management of tank systems is to design and install the tank system so as to minimize the potential for release of regulated substances to the environment. This guide addresses key considerations related to the types of tank systems to be used, compatibility of regulated substances to construction materials, types of spill containment and overfill prevention devices, corrosion protection, leak detection proper installation practices, and system operation.4.3 Preventative Maintenance—Even for properly designed and installed tank systems, practical measures are needed to detect and terminate leaks and respond to releases in a timely manner so as to minimize regulated substance losses and associated environmental effects. This guide reviews general considerations including release detection measures, possible indicators of a release, appropriate record-keeping procedures, tank system inspection, equipment testing, response planning and release control measures. Some preventative maintenance activities are recommended while others are mandated by state or federal regulations. This guide addresses federally mandated activities4.4 Inspections—Inspections are a critical component of a sound UST management plan. Both third-party professional and operator inspections can identify potential risks associated with component compromise and operational issues that may increase the risk of an uncontained release. Some inspections are required by regulatory requirements. The scope, frequency and necessary qualifications to perform required inspections vary by jurisdiction. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required walkthrough inspections.4.5 Equipment Testing—Testing can confirm the functional status of various UST components. Some UST equipment and components must be tested in accordance with federal regulations. Spill prevention equipment and containment sumps used for interstitial monitoring of piping must be tested at least once every three years. Electronic and mechanical release detection components must be tested annually. Cathodic protection systems must be tested within six months of installation, then at least every three years and within six months of any repair activity. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of federally required equipment testing.4.6 Fueling Procedure—Careful loading, unloading, and dispensing of liquids to and from underground storage tanks is the most important day-to-day activity to ensure proper handling of liquids and prevention of releases. This guide is developed to addresses UST system management. Dispensers and dispensing activities may be sources of releases but are not considered a component of the UST system and are not include in the regulatory requirements addressed by this guide.4.7 Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media—Following discovery and control of a release regulated substance from an underground tank system, corrective actions may be required for affected soil and groundwater as needed to protect human health, safety, and environmental resources. This guide reviews a risk-based process for investigation, evaluation, and remediation of affected environmental media consistent with the guidelines provided in Guide E2081.4.8 Tank System Closure—If it is determined that an underground tank system will no longer be used to store regulated substances, the system must be taken out of service, either temporarily or permanently, and, when appropriate, decommissioned and removed in a manner that minimizes the potential for future releases or safety hazards. This guide reviews the general procedures for properly removing tank systems from service, as well as the options for tank system closure by means of tank excavation and backfill placement or in-place closure methods.4.9 Tank Management Practice Education, and Operator Training—Personnel training is a key element of successful environmental management of UST systems. It is important that persons involved in the installation, operation, or maintenance of tank systems understand the release prevention, appropriate leak detection, and response procedures. This guide outlines the scope and schedule of several key training areas that may be appropriate depending on individual job assignments, including: tank system installation and maintenance; general measures for release prevention; leak detection equipment operation and maintenance; release control and emergency response measures; and regulated substance and waste handling measures. This guide outlines the scope of federally mandated operator training.4.10 Recognized Practice—Some federally mandated testing and inspection requirements can be satisfied by following a practice developed by a nationally recognized association or independent testing laboratory such as provided in 40 CFR §280.35(a)(1)(ii)(B) and 40 CFR §280.40(a)(3). Many such practices are referenced in this guide. Not all practices developed by nationally recognized associations or independent testing laboratories are accepted by the USEPA or the implementing agency. To determine if a practice satisfies the federal requirements, the owner or operator should consult with the implementing agency.1.1 The framework discussed in this guide is limited to facilities with underground storage tanks (USTs) storing regulated substances at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. This guide is not intended to provide detailed technical specifications for implementation of the approaches described in this document, nor to be used as an enforcement tool, but rather to identify the important information used for environmental management of underground tank systems. The term “must” is used where United States federal requirements apply. References to ASTM standards and other industry guidelines have been provided to address implementation of the approaches discussed in this guide. Many states and some local agencies have adopted rules that place additional responsibilities on the owners/operators of UST systems. Refer to state and local regulations that may contain additional requirements. It is not possible to identify all considerations or combinations of conditions pertinent to a unique underground storage tank system.1.2 This guide addresses principal considerations related to the prevention of, and response to environmental releases from tank systems and is organized in the sections listed below:    Section 1:  Section 2: Lists relevant ASTM Standards and other industry or regulatory guidance documents Section 3: Defines the key terminology used in this guide Section 4: Describes the significance and use of this guide Section 5: Tank System Design and Installation Section 6: Preventive Maintenance and Inspection Plan Section 7: Fueling Procedure Section 8: Dispensing Activities Section 9: Release Response Plan Section 10: Corrective Action for Affected Environmental Media Section 11: Tank System Closure Section 12: UST Management Practice and Operator Training Appendix X1: Recurring Release Detection and Cathodic Protection Requirements (Quick Glance) is intended to be a quick reference guide for monitoring information Related Material: Documents related to environmental management of underground storage tanks1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of clothing storage units, it covers chests, drawer chests, chests of drawers, dressers, and bureaus only. The procedures for stability testing of the drawer are presented in details. During the test, the unit shall not tip over or be supported only by an opened drawer, opened door, or opened or unopened flap.1.1 This safety specification is intended to reduce injuries and deaths of children from hazards associated with tipover of free-standing clothing storage units, including but not limited to chests, chests of drawers, drawer chests, armoires, chifferobes, bureaus, door chests, and dressers, which are 27 in. (686 mm) or greater in height, 30 lb (13.6 kg) or greater in mass, and contain 3.2 ft3 (90.6 dm3) or greater of enclosed storage volume.1.2 This safety specification does not cover shelving units, such as bookcases or entertainment furniture, office furniture, dining room furniture, jewelry armoires, underbed drawer storage units, occasional/accent furniture not intended for bedroom use, laundry storage/sorting units, or built-in units intended to be permanently attached to the building, nor does it cover “Clothing Storage Chests” as defined in Consumer Safety Specification F2598.1.3 This safety specification is intended to cover children up to 72 months. See Note 1.NOTE 1: The majority (approximately 80 %) of deaths relate to children 5 years or younger.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test procedure portion, Section 9, of this safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The results of this test method are useful in ranking a specific fuel sample against other specific fuel samples or standards when tested under identical conditions. Specific fuel samples containing dispersant additives, such as dispersant-containing stability additives, have shown inaccurate ranking against fuel samples that do not contain dispersant additives using this test method.3 This test method is not meant to relate a specific fuel to specific field handling and storage conditions. The formation of insolubles is affected by the material present in the storage container and by the ambient conditions. Since this test method is conducted in glass under standardized conditions, the results from different fuels can be compared on a common basis.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for assessing the potential storage stability of middle distillate fuels such as Grade No. 1D and Grade No. 2D diesel fuels, in accordance with Specification D975.1.2 This test method is applicable to either freshly refined fuels or fuels already in storage.1.3 This test method is suitable for fuels containing stabilizer additives as well as fuels containing no such additives. However, fuels additized with dispersant additives, including dispersant-containing stability additives, may be ranked inaccurately using this test method compared to fuels that are not additized with dispersant additives.1.4 Appendix X1 provides information on other suggested test times and temperatures for which this test method may be used.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 4.1, 6.2, 6.3, and 7.4.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification defines essential criteria for all material combinations in boron-based neutron-absorbing material systems used for nuclear spent fuel storage racks in nuclear light water reactors, spent-fuel assemblies, or disassembled components. The boron-based neutron absorbing materials normally consist of metallic boron or a boron-containing boron compound supported by a matrix of aluminum, steel, or other materials. Material systems covered in this specification should always be capable of maintaining a B10 areal density that can support the required subcriticality depending on the design specification for service life.1.1 This specification defines criteria for boron-based neutron absorbing material systems used in racks in a pool environment for storage of nuclear light water reactor (LWR) spent-fuel assemblies or disassembled components to maintain sub-criticality in the storage rack system.1.2 Boron-based neutron absorbing material systems normally consist of metallic boron or a chemical compound containing boron (for example, boron carbide, B4C) supported by a matrix of aluminum, steel, or other materials.1.3 In a boron-based absorber, neutron absorption occurs primarily by the boron-10 isotope that is present in natural boron to the extent of 18.3 ± 0.2 % by weight (depending upon the geological origin of the boron). Boron enriched in boron-10 could also be used.1.4 The materials systems described herein shall be functional (that is, always be capable to maintain a boron-10 areal density such that subcriticality is maintained depending on the design specification for the service life in the operating environment of a nuclear spent fuel pool).1.5 Observance of this specification does not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to all applicable international, national, and local regulations.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The provisions of this guide are intended to control the quality of industrial radiographs and unexposed films only and are not intended for controlling the acceptability of the materials or products radiographed. It is further intended that this guide be used as an adjunct to Guide E94.3.2 The necessity for applying specific control procedures such as those described in this guide is dependent to a certain extent, on the degree to which a user adheres to good processing and storage practices as a matter of routine procedure.1.1 This guide may be used for the control and maintenance of industrial radiographs and unexposed films used for industrial radiography.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 1: For information purposes, refer to Terminology E1316. The terms stated therein, however, are not specifically referenced in the text of this document.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides requirements for the handling, transportation, and storage of HFC-23 encountered in distribution through both commercial and military channels. It is intended to ensure that HFC-23 is handled, transported, and stored in such a way its physical property values are not degraded. Transport may be by various means, such as, but not limited to, highway, rail, water, and air.1.1 This practice covers guidance and direction to suppliers, purchasers, and users in the handling, transportation, and storage of HFC-23.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers sampling; inspection; rejection; certification; packaging and marking; and shipping, handling, and storage of gypsum panel products. When specified by the purchase agreement, samples of gypsum panel products shall be taken at the place of manufacture or at the destination. At least 0.25 % of the number of gypsum panel products in a shipment, but not less than three gypsum panel products, shall be so selected as to be representative of the shipment and shall constitute a sample for the purpose of tests by the purchaser or user. Inspection of the gypsum panel products shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer or supplier as part of the purchase agreement. Rejection of gypsum panel products that fails to conform to the requirements specified shall be reported to the producer or supplier promptly and in writing. When specified in the purchase agreement, a producer's or supplier's report shall be furnished at the time of shipment certifying that the product is in compliance with the ASTM specification. Each gypsum panel product or package shall have legibly marked thereon the following: the thickness, the name of the producer or supplier, the brand name, if any, and the ASTM specification for the product. Gypsum panel products shall be shipped so as to be kept dry. Gypsum panel products shall be stored so as to be kept dry, preferably inside a building. Gypsum panel products shall be neatly stacked flat with care taken to prevent sagging or damage to edges, ends, and surfaces. Where necessary to store gypsum panel products outside, it shall be stacked flat, off the ground, supported on a level platform, and fully protected from weather and direct sunlight exposure.1.1 This specification covers sampling; inspection; rejection; certification; packaging and marking; and shipping, handling, and storage of gypsum panel products shipped from the manufacturer.1.1.1 This specification does not cover storage or stocking on individual job sites.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide may be used in the investigation of underground storage tank systems for equipment problems in a wide variety of applications. Use of this guide is voluntary. It is intended to assist users who want to investigate equipment failures, malfunctions, and other potential causes of suspected releases.4.2 The following groups of users may find the guide particularly helpful:4.2.1 Storage tank system designers and manufacturers;4.2.2 Storage tank installers, testers, and inspectors;4.2.3 Storage tank maintenance contractors;4.2.4 Storage tank removal contractors;4.2.5 Federal, state, tribal or local regulators, including departments of health, departments of environmental protection, and fire departments;4.2.6 Petroleum release remediation professionals;4.2.7 Insurance adjusters;4.2.8 Storage tank owners and operators;4.2.9 Consultants, auditors, and compliance assistance personnel.4.3 This guide is intended to assist in the development of protocols for determination of source and cause of a release and the investigation of a malfunction or failure of any component of a UST system and the implementation of said protocols. This guide outlines steps that may be necessary and include, but are not limited to initial evaluation of the UST system to determine if there has been a component failure preparation of samples of failed or compromised equipment for laboratory analysis; visual; and analytical evaluation of release indications; and documentation of the investigation. The guide provides a series of investigation options from which the user may design failure investigation protocols. The guide describes common investigation techniques in the order in which they might be employed in an investigation.4.4 A user may elect to utilize this guide for a number of reasons, which include, but are not limited to:4.4.1 To differentiate new releases from new discovery of old releases;4.4.2 To establish malfunction and failure rates of various UST system components;4.4.3 To determine expected life spans of various UST components;4.4.4 To identify opportunities for improving the performance and reliability of storage tank equipment;4.4.5 To focus inspection and maintenance efforts on those component of the UST system that are most prone to compromise, malfunction and failure;4.4.6 To identify those components of the UST system that require more frequent maintenance;4.4.7 To reduce equipment replacement costs;4.4.8 To prevent petroleum releases;4.4.9 To identify those conditions that may cause or contribute to equipment or component compromise, deterioration or other cause of malfunction or failure of the UST system;4.4.10 To comply with environmental regulations that require the investigation of suspected releases and determine the source and cause of releases; and4.4.11 To identify conditions that may cause or contribute to nonsudden releases that may not be detected by other leak detection methods.4.5 This guide may be used to establish a framework that pulls together the common approaches to investigation. The framework will allow the user to establish an investigation protocol to meet the user’s specific requirements. Specific user requirements will vary depending upon the purposes of the data collection and the decisions that the investigation is intended to support. This guide does not provide methods to establish specific user investigation requirements nor does it establish minimum levels of documentation.4.6 This guide will acquaint users with methods and tools that may be used in investigations of equipment problems associated with USTs. The user may include a subset of the methods described in this guide in their investigation. The user may consider a variety of factors in determining which combination of the methods to employ.4.7 This guide is not intended to require the user to conduct a failure investigation.4.8 This guide is focused on the identification, documentation, and preservation of compromised UST system equipment. It does not provide guidance on establishing root causes of compromise, malfunction or failure. The identification of root causes of compromise, malfunction or failure may require further expert analysis of the data and equipment collected during the failure investigation.4.9 Determination of equipment failures and evidence of the source and cause of a release are often unavailable due to the loss of critical information necessary to pinpoint equipment failures and conduct an investigation. Adjustment, repair or removal of failed equipment before determining and documenting the cause of the failure may interfere with the failure investigation. Failures may be caused by compatibility issues, manufacturer defects, corrosion, degradation, improper installation, damage, age, misuse, use or other causes. This guide may be used to identify techniques and procedures applicable to maintenance personnel and equipment vendors that will allow an investigator to evaluate possible equipment failures before equipment is adjusted, repaired, replaced or destroyed.4.10 This guide does not address all the safety measures that must be taken when removing and disassembling UST systems. Because most UST systems have contained flammable or combustible liquids special precautions should be taken to prevent fire, explosions and exposure to toxic vapors. API standard STD 2015 and RP 2016 address some of the safety considerations as do many of the procedures available from fire departments.1.1 Overview—This guide is an organized collection of information and series of options for industry, regulators, consultants and the public, intended to assist with the development of investigation protocols for underground storage tank facilities in the United States. While the guide does not recommend a specific course of action, it establishes an investigation framework, and it provides a series of techniques that may be employed to: identify equipment problems; in some cases collect and preserve failed equipment for forensic evaluation or laboratory analysis; identify the source of a release; and document the investigation. The guide includes information on methods of investigation, documentation, collecting and preserving samples; chain of custody; storage; shipping; working with equipment manufacturers; and notification of regulators and listing laboratories. The goal in using the guide is to identify the appropriate level of investigation and to gather and preserve information, in an organized manner, which could be used in the future to improve system design or performance. While this guide may act as a starting point for users with limited experience in failure investigation, the user is encouraged to consult with failure analysis experts for specific investigation procedures that may be needed for certain equipment and the investigation should be conducted by a qualified professional. As users develop their specific investigation protocols, they may find that the investigations can be streamlined for certain types of facilities.1.2 Limitations of This Guide: 1.2.1 Given the variability of the different investigators that may wish to use this guide and the different types of facilities and failures that will be investigated, it is not possible to address all the relevant standards that might apply to a particular investigation. This guide uses generalized language and examples to guide the user. If it is not clear to the user how to apply standards to their specific circumstances, it is recommended that users seek assistance from qualified professionals.1.2.2 This guide does not address safety issues associated with the investigation, taking samples and storing equipment. Users are cautioned to exercise proper care in handling equipment that was in contact with flammable and combustible liquids and vapors. Some of the activities described in this guide may be subject to OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) regulations or may only be conducted by individuals with appropriate HAZWOPER (Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Response) training certifications recognized by federal and state regulatory authorities, such as HAZWOPER training.1.2.3 This guide does not address laboratory investigations of material properties and detailed failure analysis.1.2.4 This guide does not cover underground storage tank systems storing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).1.2.5 This guide does not replace state-required closure assessments and investigations. Requirements vary from state to state and often include specific sampling requirements. The user should comply with the requirement of the authority having jurisdiction.1.2.6 Prior to implementing the steps described in Section 5, users of this guide must determine if the authority having jurisdiction has any qualification requirements for the individual performing the investigation.1.2.7 Investigations addressed by this guide may involve knowledge, skills, and abilities generally attributed to individuals certified as tank systems installers, inspectors, or removers, or those who are trained in soil and groundwater sampling protocols (for example, geologists, groundwater professionals, or engineers).1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Membrane materials are subjected to these tests in order to provide data that reasonably relate to membrane response under the actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use.3.2 Although these test methods provide data on individual performance of membrane materials, all combinations of actual conditions of spill control barrier or storage device use are not simulated in this sequence of tests.1.1 These test methods cover laboratory-conducted performance tests for coated fabrics used in spill control barriers or in temporary storage devices.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 LPG samples can change composition during storage and use from preferential vaporization of lighter (lower molecular weight) hydrocarbon components, dissolved inert gases (N2, Ar, He, and so forth) and other dissolved gases/liquids (NH3, CO2, H2S, H2O, etc.). Careful selection of cylinder type, cylinder volume, and use of inert gas for pressurizing cylinders is required to ensure that composition changes are small enough to maintain the integrity of LPG when used as a QC reference material for various LPG test methods.5.2 Monitoring of ongoing precision and bias on QC materials using control chart techniques in accordance with Practice D6299 can be used to establish the need for calibration or maintenance.1.1 This practice covers information for the storage and use of LPG samples in standard cylinders of the type used in sampling method, Practice D1265 and floating piston cylinders used in sampling method, Practice D3700.1.2 This practice is especially applicable when the LPG sample is used as a quality control (QC) reference material for LPG test methods, such as gas chromatography (GC) analysis (Test Method D2163) or vapor pressure (Test Method D6897) that use only a few mL per test, since relatively small portable Department of Transportation (DOT) cylinders (for example, 20 lb common barbecue cylinders, or common Mower/Forklift cylinders) can be used.1.2.1 Modification of the pressure relief (QCC1) valve on single access port cylinders may prohibit the collection or transport of cylinders outside of permitted facilities such as refineries, gas plants or pipeline stations. No modification is generally required for multi-port mower/forklift cylinders that have a separate access port for pressure relief and additional access ports for filling, liquid/vapor withdrawal or liquid level indication. Consult the Authority having Jurisdiction for detailed regional regulatory requirements for transport of LPG in pressurized cylinders.1.3 This practice can be applied to other test methods. However, test methods that require a large amount of sample per test (for example, manual vapor pressure Test Method D1267) will require QC volumes in excess of 1000 L if stored in standard DOT cylinders or American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) vessels.1.3.1 Test methods for trace materials that may be sensitive to vessel surfaces (for example H2O, H2S/sulfur, or trace residues) could preferably use aluminum, stainless steel or internally coated vessels to minimize surface absorption/reaction or larger vessels to minimize surface/volume ratio.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification establishes the requirements for the electrical storage battery aspects of airworthiness and design for ”small” aircraft. It prescribes the Aircraft Type Code (ATC) compliance matrix based on airworthiness level, number of engines, type of engine(s), stall speed, cruise speed, meteorological conditions, altitude, and maneuvers. An ATC is defined by taking into account both the technical considerations regarding the design of the aircraft and the airworthiness level established based upon risk-based criteria. The installation requirements defined by this specification cover nickel cadmium batteries. For each nickel cadmium battery installation capable of being used to start an engine or auxiliary power unit, there must be provisions to prevent any hazardous effect on structure or essential systems that may be caused by the maximum amount of heat the battery can generate during a short circuit of the battery or of its individual cells.1.1 This specification covers electrical storage battery aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Normal Category aeroplanes. The content may be more broadly applicable; it is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. The topics covered within this document are electrical storage batteries, Nickel Cadmium Batteries, and Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.1.2 An applicant intending to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable civil aviation authorities (CAAs)) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm. Annex A1 maps the Means of Compliance described in this specification to EASA CS-23, amendment 5, or later, and FAA 14 CFR Part 23, amendment 64, or later.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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