This practice describes the methods for conducting a simplified safety assessment of aircraft systems and equipment. Developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation, this information focused on Level 1 and Level 2 Normal Category aeroplanes employing conventional systems. This practice includes a procedural flowchart that provides an overview of the simplified safety assessment process, failure condition identification and classification, safety objectives, design and installation appraisal, qualitative analysis of failure conditions, common mode analysis, use of similarity, and documentation.1.1 This practice covers methods for conducting a simplified safety assessment of aircraft systems and equipment. The material was developed through open consensus of international experts in general aviation. This information was created by focusing on Level 1 and Level 2 Normal Category aeroplanes employing conventional systems. The content may be more broadly applicable. It is the responsibility of the Applicant to substantiate broader applicability as a specific means of compliance. If the criteria specified within this simplified practice is deemed not to be relevant to a particular application, the Applicant should use the safety assessment process defined in Practice F3230. The topics covered within this practice are: Procedural Flowchart, Failure Condition Identification and Classification, Safety Objectives, Design and Installation Appraisal, Qualitative Analysis of Failure Conditions, Common Mode Analysis, Use of Similarity, and Documentation.1.2 An applicant intended to propose this information as Means of Compliance for a design approval must seek guidance from their respective oversight authority (for example, published guidance from applicable CAA) concerning the acceptable use and application thereof. For information on which oversight authorities have accepted this standard (in whole or in part) as an acceptable Means of Compliance to their regulatory requirements (hereinafter “the Rules”), refer to the ASTM Committee F44 web page (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm).1.3 Units—This practice may present information in SI units, English Engineering units, or both; the values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents. Each system shall be used independently of the other; combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the general characteristics of low stretch or static kern mantle ropes used for rescue applications, whatever their constituent material. The rope shall be fabricated from continuous filament heat and light-resistant material of industrial, high tenacity grade. Material used in the construction of life rescue rope shall be sufficient to produce a rope which meets the physical properties and performance requirements specified. Properties such as diameter, minimum breaking strength, elongation, and knotability of a life safety rope shall be determined. All rescue ropes shall have an internal marker running the entire length of the rope which includes at least the name of the manufacturer, the year of manufacture of the rope, the country of origin, and the standards with which the rope complies. All information shall be repeated at least every three feet. All rescue ropes shall include a warning label containing at least the following: a warning that serious death or injury may result from the improper use of the rope, a warning that special training and knowledge are required to use the rope, and a warning that the use and inspection of the rope shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.1.1 This specification covers the general characteristics of low stretch or static kernmantle ropes used for rescue applications, whatever their constituent material. This specification does not apply to dynamic rope intended for lead climbing.1.2 This specification covers small diameter sizes commonly used in life safety applications. These include sizes 7 to 16 mm (9/32 to 5/8 in.).1.3 The values stated in SI units shall be considered as standard. Values in inch-pound units are included for reference.1.4 In the event of any conflict between the text of this specification and any references cited, the text of this specification takes preference.1.5 This specification may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This safety specification provides safety labeling requirements for use of inflatable air mattresses (also known as “air beds,” collectively referred to herein as “product”).1.2 The intent of this safety specification is to reduce infant and child deaths and injuries caused by suffocation and entrapment on inflatable air mattresses.1.3 This safety specification covers all product sizes, including, but not limited to, full, queen, king, and twin sizes.1.4 This safety specification covers products intended for indoor and outdoor use, including camping and recreational uses.1.5 This safety specification does not cover products designed specifically for use in Durable Infant and Toddler Products (such as play yards, cribs, non-full-size cribs, etc.).1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This consumer safety specification establishes the performance requirements and test methods to ensure the satisfactory performance of infant floor seats, which may include a tray, toys, or a restraint system. It seeks to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant floor seats by addressing incidents associated with infant floor seats, including injuries, caused by falls and tip-overs from both elevated and floor level surfaces. This specification does not address accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children with children in infant floor seats. It also does not apply to pillow-like infant positioners that are generally constructed from fabric and stuffing for the purposes of positioning or lounging and do not have an active or passive restraint, or infant floor seats that were either blatantly misused or used in a careless manner with disregard to the warning statements and safety instructions provided with each product.Performance requirements cover stability, structural integrity, occupant retention, and bounded openings, whereas test methods cover removal of protective components, single action release mechanism, stability, static load, dynamic load, restraint system, completely bounded openings, permanency of labels and warnings, and occupant retention. This specification also covers requirements for calibration and standardization, marking and labeling, and instructional literature.1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and methods of test to ensure the satisfactory performance of infant floor seats.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize injuries to children resulting from normal usage and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant floor seats. This consumer safety specification is not intended to address accidents and injuries resulting from the interaction of older children with children in infant floor seats.1.3 For purposes of this consumer safety specification, an infant floor seat is a seat which is placed on the floor that is intended to contain a child who can hold his/her head up unassisted (approximately 4 months of age) until the child can either walk (approximately 12 months of age) or get in and out of the product by themselves. An infant floor seat may include a tray, toys, or a restraint system. This consumer safety specification does not include pillow-like infant positioners that are generally constructed from fabric and stuffing for the purposes of positioning or lounging and do not have an active or passive restraint.1.4 No infant floor seat produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is provided to develop and maintain uniformity in practices for availability, use, and selection of safety devices on treestands and climbing sticks, particularly with regard to quality assurance and safety.5.2 It is emphasized that the use of these practices will not alter the validity of data determined with specific tests, but provides guidance in the interpretation of test results (valid or invalid) and guidance in the selection of a reasonable general provision in those instances where no standard exists today.1.1 This practice provides guidance for providing user safety devices on treestands.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes safety performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to minimize the hazards to children presented by carriages and strollers as identified in the introduction. Children’s products such as tricycles, bicycles, or other similar wheeled products that can be self-propelled by a child are not considered carriages or strollers subject to the requirements of this standard, even if the item has a temporary or permanent handle.1.2 No carriage or stroller produced after the approval date of this consumer safety performance specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements herein.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this consumer safety specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the performance requirements and test methods to ensure the safety of toy chests. 1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to minimize the accidents and injuries to children resulting from normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of toy chests. 1.3 For the purposes of this consumer safety specification, these requirements apply to products known as toy chests or toy boxes that are designed and marketed as storage containers for toys. The products subject to the requirements are those with a volume of 1.1 ft3 (0.031 m3) or more. 1.4 No toy chest or toy box produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein. 1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 5, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification covers scald-preventing devices and systems delivering water in bathing areas.1.2 This specification establishes the minimum performance requirements for the devices and systems to minimize the risks associated with the hazards of scalds.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification covers thermal-shock-preventing devices and systems delivering water to showering areas.1.2 This specification establishes the minimum performance requirements for the devices and systems to minimize the risks associated with the hazards of thermal shock.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification covers performance requirements, test methods, and levels of performance to ensure satisfactory functioning of the grab bars and accessory items (not including plumbing controls) during reasonable use to assist a person entering, leaving, or moving within the bathing area.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to reduce the number of accidents by specifying requirements for grab bars and accessories designed to decrease the probability of slips and falls.1.3 This consumer safety specification does not address the specific need of gang showers, island tubs, peninsula tubs, sunken tubs, or tubs 6 ft (1.8 m) or longer.1.4 This consumer safety specification exempts shower stalls with both interior dimensions of 34 in. (864 mm) or less.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Safety-related service water system (SWS) components are designed to provide adequate cooling to equipment essential to the safe operation and shutdown of the plant. Linings in these systems are installed to maintain the integrity of the system components by preventing corrosion and erosion of the metal materials of construction. Linings on SWS surfaces upstream of components, including heat exchangers, orifice plates, strainers, and valves, the detachment of which may affect safe-plant operation or shutdown, may be considered safety-related, depending on plant-specific licensing commitments and design bases.5.2 The testing presented in this guide is used to provide reasonable assurance that the linings, when properly applied, will be suitable for the intended service by preventing corrosion and erosion for some extended period of time. Additionally, the test data derived allows development of schedules, methods, and techniques for assessing the condition of the lining materials (see Guide D7167). The ultimate objective of the testing is to avoid lining failures that could result in blockage of equipment, such as piping or heat transfer components, preventing the system or component from performing its intended safety function.5.3 It is expected that this guide will be used by:5.3.1 Lining manufacturers for comparing specific products and systems and to establish a qualification basis for recommended linings and5.3.2 End users seeking a consistent design basis for candidate coating systems.5.4 In the event of conflict, users of this guide must recognize that the licensee's plant-specific quality assurance program and licensing commitments shall prevail with respect to the selection process for and qualification of CSL III lining materials.5.5 Operating experience has shown that the most severe operating conditions with respect to heat exchanger linings occur on pass partitions. A phenomenon known as the “cold wall effect” accelerates moisture permeation through a coating applied to the warmer side of a partition that separates fluids at two different temperatures. The thickness and permeability of the lining are key variables affecting the ability of a lining to withstand cold wall blistering.5.5.1 This effect is particularly pronounced when the separated fluids are water, though the effect will occur when only air is on the other side, for example, an outdoor tank filled with warm liquid. A heat exchanger pass partition represents geometry uniquely vulnerable to the water-to-water maximized temperature differentials (ΔTs) that drive the cold wall effect.5.5.2 Pass partitions separate relatively cold incoming cooling water from the discharge water warmed by the heat exchanger's thermal duty. Improperly designed coatings will exhibit moisture permeation to the substrate accelerated by the cold-wall effect. Many instances of premature pass partition warm-side blistering have been noted in the nuclear industry. Such degradation has also been seen on lined cover plate and channel barrel segments that reflect water-to-air configurations.5.6 Large water-to-water ΔTs are known to be the most severe design condition. The test device used to replicate ΔT configurations is known as an “Atlas cell.” Atlas cell testing is governed by industry standard test methodologies (Test Method C868 and NACE TM0174). A lining proven suitable for the most severe hypothesized ΔT would also be suitable for service on other waterside surfaces.5.7 Plant cooling water varies in composition and temperature seasonally. For purposes of standardization, demineralized water is used in Atlas cell exposures rather than raw plant water. It is generally accepted in polymeric coatings technology that low-conductivity water (deionized or demineralized) is more aggressive with respect to its ability to permeate linings than raw water. Thus, stipulating use of low-conductivity water as the test medium is considered conservative.1.1 This guide establishes procedures for evaluating lining system test specimens under simulated operating conditions.1.2 Lining systems to be tested in accordance with this guide are intended for use in both new construction and for refurbishing existing systems or components.1.3 The lining systems evaluated in accordance with this guide are expected to be applied to metal substrates comprising water-wetted (that is, continuous or intermittent immersion) surfaces in systems that may include:1.3.1 Service water piping upstream of safety-related components,1.3.2 Service water pump internals (draft tube, volutes, and diffusers),1.3.3 Service water heat exchanger channels, pass partitions, tubesheets, end bells, and covers,1.3.4 Service water strainers, and1.3.5 Refueling water storage tanks and refuel cavity water storage tanks.1.4 This guide anticipates that the lining systems to be tested include liquid-grade and paste-grade polymeric materials. Sheet type lining materials, such as rubber, are excluded from the scope of this guide.1.5 Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the creation of a standard practice is not practical. This standard gives guidance in setting up tests and specifies test procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with differing materials, specimen preparation methods, and test facilities.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This consumer safety specification establishes performance requirements, test methods, and labeling requirements to promote the safe use of infant bathers.1.2 This consumer safety specification is intended to reduce the risk of death and minimize injury to infants resulting from use and reasonably foreseeable misuse or abuse of infant bathers.1.3 No infant bather produced after the approval date of this consumer safety specification shall, either by label or other means, indicate compliance with this specification unless it conforms to all requirements contained herein.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This consumer safety specification covers the slip resistance of bathtubs and shower structures or combinations, used for bathing or showering, or both, herein referred to as bathing facilities.1.2 This specification establishes definitions, methods of testing the slip resistance of bathing facilities, and the in-use performance requirements needed to minimize the accidents caused by slipperiness during any reasonable use.1.3 This consumer safety specification is intended to describe a means to reduce accidents to persons, especially children and the aged, resulting from the use of bathing facilities.The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification establishes the conformity assessment requirements for security systems and equipment. The design and testing requirements for a product’s conformity assessment are specified in the applicable ASTM performance standards developed by the ASTM F12 Committee on Security Systems and Equipment.1.2 Conformity assessment requirements ensure the consistent application of the ASTM performance standards and establishes requirements of the certification body’s accreditation process and operation of certification programs.1.3 Certification bodies, to acquire or maintain accreditation, shall meet and continue to meet the requirements established by this specification, including any matter incorporated by reference.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Specific safety rules and procedures are important in order to minimize the risk of injury to persons in the general area of paintball markers and gas propellant storage vessels.1.1 This standard is intended to satisfy the demand for basic safety information, which should be understood by each paintball game participant, prior to the start of the player’s first game on the day of play.1.2 The information specifies rules of personal conduct, which might affect the safety of persons who are in close proximity to a paintball marker or a propellant gas storage vessel.1.3 The information includes procedures to be followed by every person who is in, or near, an area where paintballs are being shot, and to the use of safety equipment related to paintball games or paintball target shooting activities. These procedures are to be followed any time a paintball marker is being handled.1.4 This standard is intended to be a useful tool for paintball game organizers, but it is not intended to eliminate the need for proper field operation conforming to Specification F1777.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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