4.1 This test method is useful for determining low levels of acidity, below 0.05 %, in organic compounds and hydrocarbon mixtures. The total acidity is calculated as acetic acid or milligrams of sodium hydroxide per gram of sample.4.2 Acidity may be present as a result of contamination, decomposition during storage or distribution, or manufacture. This test method may be used in assessing compliance with a specification.1.1 This test method covers the determination of total acidity as acetic acid, in concentrations below 0.05 %, in organic compounds and hydrocarbon mixtures used in paint, varnish, and lacquer solvents and diluents. It is known to be applicable to such mixtures as low molecular weight saturated and unsaturated alcohols, ketones, ethers, esters, hydrocarbon diluents, naphtha, and other light distillate petroleum fractions.1.2 For purposes of determining conformance of an observed value or a calculated value using this test method to relevant specifications, test result(s) shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 For specific hazard information and guidance consult supplier’s Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese test methods details the standard procedures for the determination of ten major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO), and LOI in ceramic whitewares clays and minerals using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). Besides the simultaneous X-ray spectrometer, this test procedure shall also need Pt-Au alloy crucibles and molds, fluxers, muffle furnaces with rocker attachments, and hot plate and muffle furnaces. The sample is first ignited, then fused with lithium tetraborate and the resultant glass disc is introduced into a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The disc is irradiated with X-rays from an X-ray tube. X-ray photons emitted by the elements in the samples are counted and concentrations determined using previously prepared calibration standards. In addition to the 10 major elements, the method provides a gravimetric loss-on-ignition.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of ten major elements (SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, CaO, Na2O, K2O, TiO2, P2O5, MnO, and LOI in ceramic whitewares clays and minerals using wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (WDXRF). The sample is first ignited, then fused with lithium tetraborate and the resultant glass disc is introduced into a wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The disc is irradiated with X-rays from an X-ray tube. X-ray photons emitted by the elements in the samples are counted and concentrations determined using previously prepared calibration standards. (1)2 In addition to 10 major elements, the method provides a gravimetric loss-on-ignition.NOTE 1: Much of the text of this test method is derived directly from Major element analysis by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry , included in Ref (1).1.2 Interferences, with analysis by WDXRF, may result from mineralogical or other structural effects, line overlaps, and matrix effects. The structure of the sample, mineralogical or otherwise, is eliminated through fusion with a suitable flux. Fusion of the sample diminishes matrix effects and produces a stable, flat, homogeneous sample for presentation to the spectrometer. Selecting certain types of crystal monochromators eliminates many of the line overlaps and multiorder line interferences. A mathematical correction procedure (2) is used to correct for the absorption and enhancement matrix effects.1.3 Concentrations of the elements in clays and minerals are determined independent of the oxidation state and are reported in the oxidation state in which they most commonly occur in the earth’s crust.1.4 Concentration ranges:Element Concentration range(percent)  SiO2   0.10 99.0  Al2O3   0.10 58.0  Fe2O3   0.04 28.0  MgO   0.10 60.0  CaO   0.02 60.0  Na2O   0.15 30.0  K2O   0.02 30.0  TiO2   0.02 10.0  P2O5   0.05 50.0  MnO   0.01 15.0  LOI (925°C)   0.01 100.01.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.Note—Shaded areas are suitable for sampling.FIG. 1 Type A and Type B Disks1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of aluminum and aluminum-base alloys having compositions within the following limits:Beryllium, ppm 0.3 to 100Bismuth, % 0.02 to 1.0Boron, % 0.005 to 0.060Cadmium, % 0.001 to 0.50Chromium, % 0.01 to 1.0Copper, % 0.01 to 20.0Gallium, % 0.001 to 0.05Iron, % 0.01 to 3.0Lead, % 0.01 to 1.0Lithium, % 0.001 to 4.0Magnesium, % 0.002 to 12.0Manganese, % 0.005 to 2.0Nickel, % 0.01 to 4.0Silicon, % 0.05 to 20.0Tin, % 0.03 to 1.0Titanium, % 0.002 to 0.30Vanadium, % 0.002 to 0.16Zinc, % 0.003 to 12.0Zirconium, % 0.01 to 0.301.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following sections:Procedure SectionsBeryllium: Beryllium by Argon Plasma Optical EmissionSpectroscopy 283 to 292Beryllium by the Morin (Fluorometric) TestMethod 1eBismuth: Bismuth by the Thiourea (Photometric) Method 1aBismuth and Lead by the Atomic AbsorptionTest Method 188 to 198Boron: Boron by the Carmine (Photometric) Test Method 1eCadmium: Cadmium by the Atomic Absorption Test Method 167 to 177Chromium: Chromium by the Diphenylcarbazide (Photometric)Test Method 1eChromium by the Persulfate Oxidation (Titrimetric)Test Method 1bChromium by the Atomic Absorption Test Method 199 to 209Copper: Copper and Lead by the Electrolytic (Gravimetric)Test Method 1cCopper and Zinc by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectometry Test Method 210 to 220Copper by the Electrolytic (Gravimetric) Test Method 303 to 311Copper by the Neocuproine (Photometric)Test Method 1aGallium: Gallium by the Ion Exchange-Atomic AbsorptionTest Method 312 to 323Iron: Iron by the 1,10-Phenanthroline (Photometric) Method 73 to 81Iron and Manganese by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectometry Method 221 to 231Lead: Copper and Lead by the Electrolytic (Gravimetric)Test Method 1 cBismuth and Lead by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry Test Method 188 to 198Lithium: Lithium by the Atomic Absorption Test Method 324 to 334Magnesium: Magnesium by the Pyrophosphate (Gravimetric)Method 1 bMagnesium by the Ethylenediamine Tetraacetate(Titrimetric) Test Method 1 eMagnesium by the Atomic Absorption SpectrometryTest Method 232 to 242Manganese: Iron and Manganese by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry Test Method 221 to 231Manganese by the Periodate (Photometric)Test Method 293 to 302Nickel: Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime (Photometric)Test Method 1aNickel by the Dimethylglyoxime (Gravimetric)Test Method 1bNickel by the Atomic Absorption SpectrometryTest Method 243 to 253Silicon: Silicon by the Molybdisilicic Acid (Photometric)Test Method 1 eSilicon by the Sodium Hydroxide-Perchloric Acid(Gravimetric) Method 1 eTin: Tin by the Iodate (Titrimetric) Test Method 1 eTitanium: Titanium by the Chromotropic Acid (Photometric)Test Method 141 to 150Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane PhotometricTest Method 254 to 263Vanadium: Vanadium by an Extraction-Photometric Test Methodusing N-Benzoyl-N-Phenylhydroxylamine 264 to 273Zinc: Zinc by the Ammonium Mercuric Thiocyanate or theZinc Oxide (Gravimetric) Test Method 1bZinc by the Ethylenediamine Tetraacetate(Titrimetric) Test Method 1dCopper and Zinc by the Atomic AbsorptionSpectrometry Test Method 210 to 220Zinc by the Ion Exchange-EDTA TitrimetricTest Method 274 to 282Zirconium: Zirconium by the Arsenazo III (Photometric) Method 178 to 1871.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given throughout these test methods.

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4.1 This test method offers a means of comparing the relative linear shrinkage and coefficient of thermal expansion.4.1.1 The material to be tested is placed in the mold in a fluid or plastic state. As the material makes a transition to a solid state, it adheres to and captures the end studs.4.1.2 The linear shrinkage measured is the change in length that occurs after the material is rigid enough and strong enough to move the studs.4.2 This test method can be used for research purposes to provide information on linear changes taking place in the test materials. Other dimensional changes may occur that do not manifest themselves as changes in length.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the linear shrinkage during setting and curing and the coefficient of thermal expansion of chemical-resistant mortars, grouts, monolithic surfacings, and polymer concretes.1.2 A bar of square cross-section is cast to a prescribed length in a mold that holds measuring studs that are captured in the ends of the finished casting.1.2.1 The change in length after curing is measured and used to calculate shrinkage.NOTE 1: Shrinkage determinations should not be made on sulfur mortars, since this test method cannot truly reflect the overall linear shrinkage of a sulfur mortar.1.2.2 The change in length at a specific elevated temperature is measured and used to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion.1.3 This test method is limited to materials with aggregate size of 0.25 in. (6 mm) or less.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The sampling procedures described in this practice have been designed to ensure random sampling of finished leather and fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. Leather is a natural product and as such is subject to extensive variability. The physical and chemical properties vary considerably depending on location on the hide, side or skin from which the test sample is taken. Random sampling of specimens from a predefined location and orientation minimizes test bias and variability. This practice defines these parameters.1.1 This practice covers the sampling of finished leather and fabricated leather items for physical and chemical tests. The product is grouped into lots that are randomly sampled in such a manner as to produce a representative sample of the lot. This sample may be used to determine compliance of the lot with applicable specification requirements, and on the basis of results, the lot may be accepted or rejected in its entirety.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 As described in Guide C1894, the MICC is considered to be a three-stage process with the reduction in pH (Stage I) (for example, 12.5 > pH > 9-10), the establishment of biofilms which further lowers the pH (Stage II) (for example, 9-10 > pH > 4-6) and eventual deterioration due to biogenic acid exposure (Stage III) (for example, < ~4 pH). This document provides standard test methods to assess the effects of acid in Stage 3 for concrete.4.2 As described in Guide C1894, acid immersion testing should be used with great caution in specifying concrete as this is a final stage of deterioration and the concrete may not be exposed to the conditions of this test.4.3 The results obtained by these test methods should serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a chemical-resistant material for a particular application. No attempt has been made to incorporate into this test method all the various factors that may affect the performance of a material when subjected to actual service.1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the chemical resistance of cement paste, mortar and concrete materials. This method is loosely based on Test Methods C267, however the solution is more rigorously defined and flexural strength is used. These test methods provide for the determination of changes in the following properties of the test specimens and test medium after exposure of the specimens to the medium:1.1.1 Mass of specimen,1.1.2 Appearance of specimen,1.1.3 Appearance of test medium, and1.1.4 Strength of specimens.1.2 Guide C1894 provides a standard guide for Microbially Induced Corrosion of Concrete (MICC) products. This standard is used for assessing the chemical resistance of cementitious products to acid attack caused by MICC; however as described in the guideline document for MICC products the current document only applies for Stage III of corrosion. This document is not intended to be a guideline document for the complete evaluation of MICC or for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial additives used to reduce MICC.1.3 This standard supplements Test Methods C267 to improve the consistency of reported results for acids generated by MICC or other sources.1.4 This standard does not cover tests in which acidification is achieved by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for bacterial activity are described in Guide C1894.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to alternative units (typically inch-pound units) that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The chemical analysis of biological material, collected from such locations as streams, rivers, lakes, and oceans can provide information of environmental significance. The chemical analysis of biological material used in toxicity tests may be useful to better interpret the toxicological results.5.2 Many aquatic biological samples, either as a result of their size, or their method of collection, are inherently heterogeneous in that they may contain occluded water in varying and unpredictable amounts and may contain foreign objects or material (for example, sediment) not ordinarily intended for analysis, the inclusion of which would result in inaccurate analysis.5.3 Standard methods for separating foreign objects, to facilitate homogenization, will minimize errors due to poor mixing and inclusion of extraneous material.5.4 Standardized procedures for drying provide a means for reporting analytical values to a common dry weight basis, if desired. Analyses may also be carried out or reported on a wet weight basis.1.1 This guide describes procedures for the preparation of test samples collected from such locations as streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, estuaries, oceans, and toxicity tests and is applicable to such organisms as plankton, mollusks, fish, and plants.1.2 The procedures are applicable to the determination of volatile, semivolatile, and nonvolatile inorganic constituents of biological materials. Analyses may be carried out or reported on either a dry or wet basis.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 9.3.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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