4.1 Significance—The increased use of geomembranes as barrier materials to restrict fluid migration from one location to another in various applications, and the various types of seaming methods used in joining geomembrane sheets, has created a need to standardize tests by which the various seams can be compared and the quality of the seam systems can be evaluated. This test method is intended to meet such a need.4.2 Use—Accelerated seam test provides information as to the status of the field seam. Data obtained by this test method should be used with site-specific contract plans, specification, and CQC/CQA documents. This test method is useful for specification testing and for comparative purposes, but does not necessarily measure the ultimate strength that the seam may acquire.1.1 This test method covers an accelerated, destructive test method for geomembranes in a geotechnical application.1.2 This test is applicable to field-fabricated geomembranes that are scrim reinforced or nonreinforced.1.3 This test method is applicable for field seaming processes that use a chemical fusion agent or bodied chemical fusion agent as the seaming mechanism.1.4 Subsequent decisions as to seam acceptance criteria are made according to the site-specific contract plans, specification, and CQC/CQA documents.1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.6 Hazardous Materials—The use of the oven in this test method may accelerate fume production from the test specimen and solvent(s) used to bond them.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of solid acid copper chromate and solutions of this material. 1.1.1 Test Method D38 covers the sampling of wood preservatives prior to testing. 1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order: Sections Copper (calculated as CuO) 7 to 10 Hexavalent chromium (calculated as CrO ) 11 to 13 pH of solution 14 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 These test methods are designed to broaden the scope of the earlier editions of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived products as test materials and is referenced in Test Methods D803.3.2 The saponification number is an important property of tall oil and the products obtained by the fractionation of tall oil. It is the test method widely used to determine the total acid content, both free and combined, of these products.3.3 The potentiometric test method should be used when the most reproducible results are required.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the saponification number of tall oil and products obtained by the fractionation of tall oil such as rosin, fatty acids and distilled tall oil as defined in Terminology D804. These test methods are also applicable to gum and wood rosin. Two test methods are covered as follows:1.1.1 Test method using a potentiometric method, and1.1.2 Test method using an internal indicator method.1.2 The potentiometric method is suitable for use with both light- and dark-colored test samples. It should be considered the referee method. The internal indicator method is suitable for use only with light- and medium-colored test samples. It should be considered the alternate method.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committees A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, silicon electrical steels, ingot iron, and wrought iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:Element  Composition Range, %Aluminum 0.001  to 1.50Antimony 0.002  to 0.03Arsenic 0.0005 to 0.10Bismuth 0.005  to 0.50Boron 0.0005 to 0.02Calcium 0.0005 to 0.01Cerium 0.005  to 0.50Chromium 0.005  to 3.99Cobalt 0.01   to 0.30Columbium (Niobium) 0.002  to 0.20Copper 0.005  to 1.50Lanthanum 0.001  to 0.30Lead 0.001  to 0.50Manganese 0.01   to 2.50Molybdenum 0.002  to 1.50Nickel 0.005  to 5.00Nitrogen 0.0005 to 0.04Oxygen 0.0001 to 0.03Phosphorus 0.001  to 0.25Selenium 0.001  to 0.50Silicon 0.001  to 5.00Sulfur 0.001  to 0.60Tin 0.002  to 0.10Titanium 0.002  to 0.60Tungsten 0.005  to 0.10Vanadium 0.005  to 0.50Zirconium 0.005  to 0.151.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated as follows:  Sections   Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 1.5 %) 124–131Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %) 76–86Aluminum, Total or Acid-Soluble, by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 0.20 %) 308–317Antimony by the Brilliant Green Spectrophotometric Method (0.0002 % to 0.030 %) 142–151Bismuth by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %) 298–307Boron by the Distillation-Curcumin Spectrophotometric Method (0.0003 % to 0.006 %) 208–219Calcium by the Direct-Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (0.0005 % to 0.010 %) 289–297Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.80 %)—Discontinued 1995  Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (0.003 % to 0.50 % Cerium, 0.001 % to 0.30 % Lanthanum) 249–257Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 220–229Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation-Titration Method (0.05 % to 3.99 %) 230–238Cobalt by the Nitroso-R Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 0.30 %) 53–62Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric Titration Method (Discontinued 1989) 87–94Copper by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.004 % to 0.5 %) 279–288Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.005 % to 1.50 %) 114–123Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %) 132–141Manganese by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 2.0 %) 269–278Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 2.5 %) 9–18Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 2.50 %) 164–171Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 152–163Nickel by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.003 % to 0.5 %) 318–327Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 5.00 %) 180–187Nickel by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic-Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %) 188–197Nitrogen by the Distillation-Spectrophotometric Method (Discontinued 1988) 63–75Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.25 %) 172–179Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.09 %) 19–30Silicon by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 0.06 %) 103–113Silicon by the Gravimetric Titration Method (0.05 % to 3.5 %) 46–52Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method (Discontinued 1988) 31–36Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.3 %) (Discontinued 2017) 37–45Tin by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.1 %) 95–102Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 198–207Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.025 % to 0.30 %) 258–268Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 239–2481.3 Test methods for the determination of several elements not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. In some cases, exceptions allowed in IEEE/ASTM SI 10 are also used.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of solid chromated copper arsenate and solutions of this material. 1.1.1 Test Method D 38 covers the sampling of wood preservatives prior to testing. 1.2 The analytical procedures occur in the following order: Sections Pentavalent arsenic (calculated as As2O5) 7 to 9 Copper (calculated as CuO) 10 to 13 Hexavalent chromium (calculated as CrO3) 14 to 16 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 8.2, 12.1.2, and in accordance with the safety precautions section of Test Method D4278.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of pig iron, gray cast iron (including alloy and austenitic), white cast iron, malleable cast iron, and ductile (nodular) iron having chemical compositions within the following limits:Element Composition Range, % Aluminum 0.003 to  0.50Antimony 0.005 to  0.03Arsenic 0.02  to  0.10Bismuth 0.001 to  0.03Boron 0.001 to  0.10Cadmium 0.001 to 0.005Carbon 1.25  to  4.50Cerium 0.005 to  0.05Chromium 0.01  to 30.00Cobalt 0.01  to  4.50Copper 0.03  to  7.50Lead 0.001 to  0.15Magnesium 0.002 to  0.10Manganese 0.06  to  2.50Molybdenum 0.01  to  5.00Nickel 0.01  to 36.00Phosphorus 0.01  to  0.90Selenium 0.001 to  0.06Silicon 0.10 to 6.0   Sulfur 0.005 to  0.25Tellurium 0.001 to  0.35Tin 0.001 to  0.35Titanium 0.001 to  0.20Tungsten 0.001 to  0.20Vanadium 0.005 to  0.50Zinc 0.005 to  0.201.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:  Sections Carbon, Graphitic, by the Direct Combustion Infrared Absorption Method (1 % to 3 %) 108–115Carbon, Total by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (1.25 % to 4.50 %)—Discontinued 2012  97–107Cerium and Lanthanum by the Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry Method (Ce: 0.003 % to 0.5 %; La: 0.001 % to 0.30 %) 237–245Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 208–217Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %) 218–226Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method (0.05 % to 30.0 %)—Discontinued 1980 144–151Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange—Potentiometric Titration Method (2.0 % to 4.5 %)  53–60Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 4.50 %)  61–70Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %) 116–125Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.03 % to 7.5 %)  81–88Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.15 %) 126–135Magnesium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  71–80Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 % to 2.00 %)   9–18Manganese by the Peroxydisulfate-Arsenite Titrimetric Method (0.10 % to 3.5 %) 152–159Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method 257–264Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.5 %) 196–207Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 36.00 %) 168–175Nickel by the Ion Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.005 % to 1.00 %) 176–185Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %) 160–167Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.02 % to 0.90 %)  19–30Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 6.0 %)  46–52Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1988  30–36Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.25 %)—Discontinued 2012  37–45Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980 136–143Tin by the Solvent Extraction-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %)  186–195Tin by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %)   89–96Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.006 % to 0.35 %)  246–256Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %)  227–2361.3 Procedures for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in these test methods can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information given in the and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these Methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the use of chemical dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis upon which recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Each on-scene coordinator has available several means of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In this guide, use of chemical dispersants is not considered as a last resort after other methods have failed. Chemical dispersants are to be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. 1.3 This is a general guide only assuming the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly and in compliance with relevant government regulations. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and fuel oils (No. 1 through No. 6). Differences between individual dispersants or between different oils or products are not considered. 1.4 This guide covers one type of habitat, salt marshes. Other guides, similar to this one, cover habitats such as rocky shores. The use of dispersants is considered primarily to protect such habitats from impact (or minimize impacts) and also to clean them after the spill takes place. 1.5 This guide applies to marine and estuarine environments, but not to freshwater environments. 1.6 In making dispersant-use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 General—Hydrogen sulfide is nearly ubiquitous. It occurs naturally in volcanic gases, in sulfur springs and fumaroles, in decaying of plant and animal protein, and in intestines as a result of bacterial action. Hydrogen sulfide is a serious hazard to the health of workers employed in energy production from hydrocarbon or geothermal sources, in the production of fibers and sheets from viscose syrup, in the production of deuterium oxide (heavy water), in tanneries, sewers, sewage treatment and animal waste disposal, in work below ground, on fishing boats, and in chemical operations, including the gas and oil industry.5.2 In 29 CFR 1910.1000, the Federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration designates that worker exposure to certain gases and vapors must not be exceeded in workplace atmospheres at concentrations above specific values, averaged over a certain time span. Hydrogen sulfide is included in this list. Refer also to NIOSH Criteria for a Recommended Standard, Occupational Exposure to Hydrogen Sulfide.5.3 This practice will provide means for the determination of airborne concentrations of hydrogen sulfide.5.4 This practice provides means for either personal or area sampling and for short-term or time-weighted average (TWA) measurements. Refer to Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances in the Work Environment.1.1 This practice covers the detection of hydrogen sulfide gas by visual chemical detectors. Included under visual chemical detectors are: short-term detector tubes (1),2 long-term detector tubes (2), and length-of-stain dosimeters (3). Diffusion tubes are not included under this practice because they are not direct reading, and spot tests are not included because of their poor accuracy. The sample results are immediately available by visual observation, thus no analytical equipment is needed.1.2 This practice reflects the current state-of-the-art for commercially available visual length-of-stain detectors for hydrogen sulfide. Any mention of a specific manufacturer in the text or references does not constitute an endorsement by ASTM.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 The purpose of this terminology standard is to establish uniformity in terms used in the field of agricultural chemical application. Terms are adopted from related fields and where applicable from Terminology E609.1.2 The terms are appropriate to any agricultural chemical application. Units in parenthesis following a definition are meant as typical and are not exhaustive of all units available for the term.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of tool steels and other similar medium- and high-alloy steels having chemical compositions within the following limits:Element Composition Range, %Aluminum   0.005 to 1.5Boron   0.001 to 0.10Carbon   0.03  to 2.50Chromium   0.10  to 14.0Cobalt   0.10  to 14.0Copper   0.01  to 2.0Lead   0.001 to 0.01Manganese   0.10  to 15.00Molybdenum   0.01  to 10.00Nickel   0.02  to 4.00Nitrogen   0.001 to 0.20Phosphorus   0.002 to 0.05Silicon   0.10  to 2.50Sulfur   0.002 to 0.40Tungsten   0.01  to 21.00Vanadium   0.02  to 5.501.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:    SectionsCarbon, Total, by the Combustion— Thermal Conductivity Method— Discontinued 1986   125–135Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 2012   78–88Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 174–183Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method   (0.10 % to 14.00 %) 184–192Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method—Discontinued 1980   117–124Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange— Potentiometric Titration Method     (2 % to 14 %)  52–59Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt  Spectrophotometric Method  (0.10 % to 5.0 %)  60–69Copper by the Neocuproine  Spectrophotometric Method  (0.01 % to 2.00 %) 89–98Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation- Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method   (0.01 % to 2.0 %)  70–77Lead by the Ion-Exchange—Atomic  Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.01 %) 99–108Manganese by the Periodate  Spectrophotometric Method  (0.10 % to 5.00 %) 9–18Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange– 8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method    203–210Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method  (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 162–173Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 4.0 %) 144–151Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method  (0.01 % to 0.05 %) 136–143Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue  Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.05 %) 19–29Silicon by the Gravimetric Method  (0.10 % to 2.50 %) 45–51Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1988   29–35Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate  Titration Method—Discontinued 2012   36–44Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued 1980   109–116Tin by the Solvent Extraction— Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 152–161Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 193–2021.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the and Interference sections of each test method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide covers recommendations for the use of chemical dispersants to assist in the control of oil spills. This guide is written with the goal of minimizing the environmental impacts of oil spills; this goal is the basis upon which recommendations are made. Aesthetic and socioeconomic factors are not considered, although these and other factors are often important in spill response. 1.2 Each on-scene coordinator has available several means of control or cleanup of spilled oil. In this guide, use of chemical dispersants is not considered as a last resort after other methods have failed. Chemical dispersants are to be given equal consideration with other spill countermeasures. 1.3 This is a general guide only assuming the oil to be dispersible and the dispersant to be effective, available, applied correctly, and in compliance with relevant government regulations. Oil, as used in this guide, includes crude oils and fuel oils (No. 1 through No. 6). Differences between individual dispersants or between different oils or products are not considered. 1.4 This guide covers one type of habitat, bird environments. Other guides, similar to this one, cover habitats such as rocky shores. The use of dispersants is considered primarily to protect such habitats from impact (or minimize impacts) and also to clean them after the spill takes place. 1.5 This guide applies to marine and estuarine environments but not to freshwater environments. 1.6 In making dispersant-use decisions, appropriate government authorities should be consulted as required by law. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of stainless, heat-resisting, maraging, and other similar chromium-nickel-iron alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:   Element Composition Range, %  Aluminum   0.002 to  5.50  Boron   0.001 to  0.20  Carbon   0.01 to  1.50  Chromium   0.01 to 35.00  Cobalt   0.01 to 15.00  Niobium   0.01 to  4.00  Copper   0.01 to  5.00  Lead   0.001 to  0.50  Manganese   0.01 to 20.00  Molybdenum   0.01 to  7.00  Nickel   0.01 to 48.00  Nitrogen   0.001 to  0.50  Phosphorus   0.002 to  0.35  Selenium   0.01 to  0.50  Silicon   0.01 to  4.00  Sulfur   0.002 to  0.50  Tantalum   0.01 to  0.80  Tin   0.001 to  0.05  Titanium   0.01 to  4.50  Tungsten   0.01 to  4.50  Vanadium   0.005 to  1.00  Zirconium   0.001 to  0.201.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:  SectionsAluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 % to 7.00 %) 119–126Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method (0.003 % to 0.20 %) 71–81Carbon, Total, by the Combustion–Thermal Conductivity Method–Discontinued 1986 153–163Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.50 %)–Discontinued 2013 98–108Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 202–211Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation–Titration Method (0.10 % to 35.00 %) 212–220Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method-Discontinued 1980 145–152Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange–Potentiometric Titration Method (2 % to 15 %) 53–60Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.0 %) 61–70Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00) %) 109–118Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %) 82–89Lead by the Ion-Exchange-Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.001 % to 0.50 %) 127–136Manganese by the Periodate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 5.00 %) 9–18Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange–8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravimetric Method 242–249Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 190–201Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 48.0 %) 172–179Phosphorus by the Alkalimetric Method (0.02 % to 0.35 %) 164–171Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method (0.002 % to 0.35 %) 19–30Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 4.00 %) 46–52Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1988 30–36Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.5 %)-Discontinued 2014 37–45Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method-Discontinued 1980 137–144Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 180–189Tin by the Sulfide Precipitation-Iodometric Titration Method (0.01 % to 0.05 %) 90–97Titanium by the Diantipyrylmethane Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to 0.35 %) 231–241Vanadium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method (0.006 % to 0.15 %) 221–2301.3 Test methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single test method and therefore this standard contains multiple test methods for some elements. The user must select the proper test method by matching the information given in the and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of metals and alloys are primarily intended as referee methods to test such materials for compliance with compositional specifications, particularly those under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A01 on Steel, Stainless Steel and Related Alloys. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory under appropriate quality control practices such as those described in Guide E882.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of high-temperature, electrical, magnetic, and other similar iron, nickel, and cobalt alloys having chemical compositions within the following limits:    Element Composition Range, %               Aluminum 0.005 to 18.00    Beryllium 0.001 to  0.05    Boron 0.001 to  1.00    Calcium 0.002 to   0.05    Carbon 0.001 to  1.10    Chromium 0.10  to 33.00    Cobalt 0.10  to 75.00    Columbium (Niobium) 0.01  to  6.0    Copper 0.01  to 10.00    Iron 0.01  to 85.00    Magnesium 0.001 to  0.05    Manganese 0.01  to  3.0    Molybdenum 0.01  to 30.0    Nickel 0.10  to 84.0    Nitrogen 0.001 to  0.20    Phosphorus 0.002 to  0.08    Silicon 0.01  to  5.00    Sulfur 0.002 to  0.10    Tantalum 0.005 to 10.0    Titanium 0.01  to  5.00    Tungsten 0.01  to 18.00    Vanadium 0.01  to  3.25    Zirconium 0.01  to  2.50  1.2 The test methods in this standard are contained in the sections indicated below:  Sections   Aluminum, Total, by the 8-Quinolinol Gravimetric Method (0.20 %   to 7.00 %) 100 – 107Carbon, Total, by the Combustion-Thermal Conductivity Method—Discontinued 1986 124 – 134Carbon, Total, by the Combustion Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 1.10 %)—Discontinued 2014 79 – 89Chromium by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method   (0.006 % to 1.00 %) 165 – 174Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate Oxidation—Titration Method (0.10 % to 33.00 %)  175 – 183Chromium by the Peroxydisulfate-Oxidation Titrimetric Method—   Discontinued 1980 116 – 123Cobalt by the Ion-Exchange-Potentiometric Titration Method (2 %   to 75 %)  53 – 60Cobalt by the Nitroso-R-Salt Spectrophotometric Method (0.10 %    to 5.0 %)  61 – 70Copper by Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method (0.01 % to   10.00 %)  90 – 99Copper by the Sulfide Precipitation-Electrodeposition Gravimetric Method (0.01 % to 10.00 %)  71 – 78Iron by the Silver Reduction Titrimetric Method (1.0 % to 50.0 %) 192 –199Manganese by the Metaperiodate Spectrophotometric Method   (0.05 % to 2.00 %)  9 – 18Molybdenum by the Ion Exchange—8-Hydroxyquinoline Gravi- metric Method (1.5 % to 30 %) 184 – 191Molybdenum by the Thiocyanate Spectrophotometric Method   (0.01 % to 1.50 %) 153 – 164Nickel by the Dimethylglyoxime Gravimetric Method (0.1 % to 84.0 %) 135 – 142Phosphorus by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method   (0.002 % to 0.08 %) 19  – 30Silicon by the Gravimetric Method (0.05 % to 5.00 %) 46  – 52Sulfur by the Gravimetric Method—Discontinued   1988 Former 30  – 36Sulfur by the Combustion-Iodate Titration Method (0.005 % to 0.1 %)—Discontinued 2014 37  – 45Sulfur by the Chromatographic Gravimetric Method—Discontinued   1980 108 – 115Tin by the Solvent Extraction–Atomic Absorption Spectrometry   Method (0.002 % to 0.10 %) 143  – 1521.3 Methods for the determination of carbon and sulfur not included in this standard can be found in Test Methods E1019.1.4 Some of the composition ranges given in 1.1 are too broad to be covered by a single method and therefore this standard contains multiple methods for some elements. The user must select the proper method by matching the information given in the and Interference sections of each method with the composition of the alloy to be analyzed.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 6 and in special “Warning” paragraphs throughout these test methods.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 There are limitations of the results obtained from these practices. The choice of types and concentrations of reagents, duration of immersion or stress, or both, level of stress, temperature of the test, and properties to be reported are necessarily arbitrary. The specification of these conditions provides a basis for standardization and serves as a guide to investigators wishing to compare the relative resistance of various plastics to chemical reagents.4.2 Correlation of test results with the actual performance or serviceability of plastics is necessarily dependent upon the similarity between the testing and the end-use conditions. For applications involving continuous immersion, the data obtained in short-time tests are of interest only in eliminating the most unsuitable materials or indicating a probable relative order of resistance to chemical reagents.4.3 Evaluation of plastics for special applications involving corrosive conditions shall be based upon the particular reagents and concentrations to be encountered. Base the selection of test conditions on the manner and duration of contact with reagents, the temperature of the system, applied stress, and other performance factors involved in the particular application.4.4 The practices present general guidelines without covering specifics on all the varied applications of plastics, such as use in automobiles and exposure to various automotive fluids, or use in hospital environments with exposure to disinfectants and cleaning fluids. These practices can be extended to such applications with specifics on the study conducted noted in the report.4.5 The use of appropriate controls is critical to evaluate the utility of the information generated by these practices. Particular attention should be given to the variability in the data generated, especially for the baseline controls, and issues in data generation reported to mitigate misuse of information.1.1 These practices cover the evaluation of all plastic materials including cast, hot-molded, cold-molded, laminated resinous products, and sheet materials for resistance to chemical reagents.1.2 Three procedures are presented, two under practice A (Immersion Test), and one under practice B (Mechanical Stress and Reagent Exposure under Standardized Conditions of Applied Strain). These practices include provisions for reporting changes in weight, dimensions, appearance, color, strength, and other mechanical properties. Standard reagents are specified to establish results on a comparable basis without precluding the use of other chemical reagents pertinent to specific chemical resistance requirements. Provisions are made for various exposure times, stress conditions, and exposure to reagents at elevated temperatures. The type of conditioning (immersion or wet patch/wipe method) depends upon the end-use of the material. If the material is used as a container or transfer line, immersion of the specimens is used. If the material will only see short exposures or will be used in proximity and reagent will splash or spill on the material, the wet patch or wipe method of applying reagent to the material is used.NOTE 1: Practice B for evaluating environmental stress cracking resistance differs from Practice D7474, which seeks to measure residual stresses in molded sulfone plastic parts with the use of calibrated chemical reagents. Practice B differs from Test Method D1693, which seeks to quantify the susceptibility of ethylene plastics to environmental stress-cracking subjected to specific conditions, by measuring the proportion of specimens that crack in a given time.1.3 The effect of chemical reagents on properties shall be determined by making measurements on standard specimens for such tests before and after immersion or stress, or both, if so tested.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section 7.NOTE 2: ISO 175 and ISO 22088 Part 3 address the same subject matter as Practices A and B of this standard, but differ in technical content and the results cannot be directly compared.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1  Dialkyldithiocarbamates (DTCs), benzothiazoles, and thiurams are often used as vulcanization accelerators in NRL products. Zinc DTC accelerators are added either directly or are formed in situ during the vulcanization process via reaction between a thiuram(s) and zinc oxide. DTCs, benzothiazoles, and thiurams have been detected in leachates from medical devices made of rubber such as gloves. Studies have shown these chemicals can cause allergic contact dermatitis. A simple selective method to monitor rubber accelerator levels in rubber extracts would be useful for quality control, product screening and research.5.2 This colorimetric assay measures dialkyldithiocarbamates, including zinc dialkyldithiocarbamates (ZDTC), mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and thiurams as a total thiol vulcanization accelerator level in rubber products. A UV spectrophotometer with detection at 320 nm is used to measure the ZDTC, mercaptobenzothiazole and thiurams. Sample extracts diluted at 1:20 prior to measurement on the spectrophotometer is usually sufficient to quantify the residual accelerator level from most commercially available rubber gloves; however, sample dilution can be adjusted (from neat extract to > 1:20 dilution) based on analytical needs. Thiurams and ZDTCs complex with cobalt turning the extract to a concentration-dependent shade of green. ZDTCs reacts quickly while thiurams react very slowly (requiring a heat catalyst). Mercaptobenzothiazole does not complex to Co(III), however, it absorbs strongly at 320 nm. It can be distinguished from both ZDTCs and thiurams by its strong absorbance at 320 nm without the cobalt dependent visible green color. Cobalt complexed thiurams and ZDTCs, but not MBT, also have and absorbance at 370 nm (2).1.1 This test method is designed to quantify the amount of total extractable accelerators in natural rubber latex (NRL) and nitrile gloves. Three common classes of rubber accelerators, the mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT), thiuram, and thiocarbamate type compounds can be detected and quantified by this method. If the specific rubber accelerator(s) present in the glove material is not known, quantification is based on zinc dibutyldithiocarbamate (ZDBC) equivalents. This method will not detect all potential rubber accelerators, including mercaptobenzothiazole disulfide, dimorpholine, thioureas and diphenyl diamine.1.2 For the purpose of this test method, the range of chemical accelerator measurement is based on the limit of detection (LOD) established in the performing laboratory.1.3 This test method should be performed by experienced analysts or under the supervision of those experienced in the use of spectroscopy and working with organic solvents.1.4 This test method has not been validated for measurement of long chain dithiocarbamates or accelerators from other rubber products, such as lubricated condoms (1).2 Although this assay has been reported in the literature for the evaluation of accelerator levels in condoms, further validation for accelerator measurement from other rubber products is required by the testing laboratory prior to use.1.5 This test method is not designed to evaluate the potential of rubber materials to induce or elicit Type IV skin sensitization reactions (for Type IV skin sensitization reactions see Test Method D6355). Total extractable accelerator content does not reflect bioavailablity of individual accelerators that are detected and measured by this method. This test method should be used to test and measure the total residual chemical accelerator level in NRL and nitrile gloves under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe, appraise, or assess the hazard or risk of these materials or products under actual in-use conditions.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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