4.1 This guide is intended to aid in the selection of standards for polymer matrix composite materials. It specifically summarizes the application of standards from ASTM Committee D30 on Composite Materials that apply to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. For reference and comparison, many commonly used or applicable ASTM standards from other ASTM Committees are also included.1.1 This guide summarizes the application of ASTM standard test methods (and other supporting standards) to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. The most commonly used or most applicable ASTM standards are included, emphasizing use of standards of Committee D30 on Composite Materials.1.2 This guide does not cover all possible standards that could apply to polymer matrix composites and restricts discussion to the documented scope. Commonly used but non-standard industry extensions of test method scopes, such as application of static test methods to fatigue testing, are not discussed. A more complete summary of general composite testing standards, including non-ASTM test methods, is included in the Composite Materials Handbook (CMH-17).2 Additional specific recommendations for testing textile (fabric, braided) composites are contained in Guide D6856.1.3 This guide does not specify a system of measurement; the systems specified within each of the referenced standards shall apply as appropriate. Note that the referenced standards of ASTM Committee D30 are either SI-only or combined-unit standards with SI units listed first.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing standard specimens suitable for being subject to environmental conditioning and subsequently used to evaluate FRP-bonded-to-concrete system performance, and evaluating and reporting the results.5.2 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory.5.3 The comparison of results from this test method conducted on identical specimens subject to different environmental conditioning protocols can be used to evaluate the effects of environmental exposure on the bond performance of FRP systems.1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the performance of wet lay-up or pultruded Fiber-Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composite systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the maximum force that an FRP system can bear before detaching from a concrete beam tested in flexure. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system composed of the FRP composite, adhesive, and concrete substrate.1.2 This test method is used for assessment and comparison of FRP systems subject to environmental conditioning. This test method is not intended for job approval or product qualification purposes.1.3 This test method is intended for use with adhesive-applied FRP systems and is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP composite, although the test condition only considers forces in the direction parallel to the beam longitudinal axis.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane impact forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.5.2 Drop-weight impact testing can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 To establish quantitatively the effects of stacking sequence, fiber surface treatment, variations in fiber volume fraction, and processing and environmental variables on the damage resistance of a particular composite laminate to a concentrated drop-weight impact force or energy.5.2.2 To compare quantitatively the relative values of the damage resistance parameters for composite materials with different constituents. The damage response parameters can include dent depth, damage dimensions, and through-thickness locations, F1, Fmax, E1, and Emax, as well as the force versus time curve.5.2.3 To impart damage in a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance tests, such as Test Method D7137/D7137M.5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage resistance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage resistance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors, including geometry, thickness, stiffness, mass, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between impact force/energy and the resultant damage state can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage resistance characteristics of an unstiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen, which tends to divert a greater proportion of the impact energy into elastic deformation.5.4 The standard impactor geometry has a blunt, hemispherical striker tip. Historically, for the standard laminate configuration and impact energy, this impactor geometry has generated a larger amount of internal damage for a given amount of external damage, when compared with that observed for similar impacts using sharp striker tips. Alternative impactors may be appropriate depending upon the damage resistance characteristics being examined. For example, the use of sharp striker tip geometries may be appropriate for certain damage visibility and penetration resistance assessments.5.5 The standard test utilizes a constant impact energy normalized by specimen thickness, as defined in 11.7.1. Some testing organizations may desire to use this test method in conjunction with D7137/D7137M to assess the compressive residual strength of specimens containing a specific damage state, such as a defined dent depth, damage geometry, and so forth. In this case, the testing organization should subject several specimens, or a large panel, to multiple low velocity impacts at various impact energy levels using this test method. A relationship between impact energy and the desired damage parameter can then be developed. Subsequent drop weight impact and compressive residual strength tests can then be performed using specimens impacted at an interpolated energy level that is expected to produce the desired damage state.1.1 This test method determines the damage resistance of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates subjected to a drop-weight impact event. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites, with the range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses defined in 8.2.1.1.1 Instructions for modifying these procedures to determine damage resistance properties of sandwich constructions are provided in Practice D7766/D7766M.1.2 A flat, rectangular composite plate is subjected to an out-of-plane, concentrated impact using a drop-weight device with a hemispherical impactor. The potential energy of the drop-weight, as defined by the mass and drop height of the impactor, is specified prior to test. Equipment and procedures are provided for optional measurement of contact force and velocity during the impact event. The damage resistance is quantified in terms of the resulting size and type of damage in the specimen.1.3 The test method may be used to screen materials for damage resistance, or to inflict damage into a specimen for subsequent damage tolerance testing. When the impacted plate is tested in accordance with Test Method D7137/D7137M, the overall test sequence is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact (CAI) method. Quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M may be used as an alternate method of creating damage from an out-of-plane force and measuring damage resistance properties.1.4 The damage resistance properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, impactor geometry, impactor mass, impact force, impact energy, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to serve as a reference for the testing of textile composite materials.4.2 The use of this guide ensures that proper consideration is given to the unique characteristics of these materials in testing. In addition, this guide also assists the user in selecting the best currently available ASTM test method for measurement of commonly evaluated material properties.1.1 This guide is applicable to the testing of textile composites fabricated using fabric preforms, such as weaves, braids, stitched preforms, and so forth, as the reinforcement. The purpose of this guide is to:1.1.1 Ensure that proper consideration is given to the unique characteristics of these materials in testing.1.1.2 Assist the user in selecting the best currently available ASTM test method for the measurement of commonly evaluated material properties for this class of materials.1.2 Areas where current ASTM test methods do not meet the needs for testing of textile composites are indicated.1.3 It is not the intent of this guide to cover all test methods which could possibly be used for textile composites. Only the most commonly used and most applicable standards are included.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Susceptibility to damage from concentrated out-of-plane forces is one of the major design concerns of many structures made of advanced composite laminates. Knowledge of the damage resistance and damage tolerance properties of a laminated composite plate is useful for product development and material selection.5.2 The residual strength data obtained using this test method is most commonly used in material specifications and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are generally not scalable to other configurations. Its usefulness in establishing quality assurance requirements is also limited, due to the inherent variability of induced damage, as well as the dependency of damage tolerance response upon the pre-existent damage state.5.3 The properties obtained using this test method can provide guidance in regard to the anticipated damage tolerance capability of composite structures of similar material, thickness, stacking sequence, and so forth. However, it must be understood that the damage tolerance of a composite structure is highly dependent upon several factors including geometry, stiffness, support conditions, and so forth. Significant differences in the relationships between the existent damage state and the residual compressive strength can result due to differences in these parameters. For example, residual strength and stiffness properties obtained using this test method would more likely reflect the damage tolerance characteristics of an un-stiffened monolithic skin or web than that of a skin attached to substructure which resists out-of-plane deformation. Similarly, test specimen properties would be expected to be similar to those of a panel with equivalent length and width dimensions, in comparison to those of a panel significantly larger than the test specimen.5.4 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence residual compressive strength to be reported; these include the following: material, methods of material fabrication, accuracy of lay-up orientation, laminate stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, void content, volume percent reinforcement, type, size and location of damage (including method of non-destructive inspection), specimen/fixture alignment and gripping, time at temperature, and speed of testing.5.5 Properties that result from the residual strength assessment include the following: compressive residual strength FCAI, compressive force as a function of crosshead displacement, and surface strains as functions of crosshead displacement.1.1 This test method covers compression residual strength properties of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminated plates, which have been subjected to quasi-static indentation per Test Method D6264/D6264M or drop-weight impact per Test Method D7136/D7136M prior to application of compressive force. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites with multidirectional fiber orientations, and which are both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses is defined in 8.2.NOTE 1: When used to determine the residual strength of drop-weight impacted plates, this test method is commonly referred to as the Compression After Impact, or CAI, method.1.2 The method utilizes a flat, rectangular composite plate, previously subjected to a damaging event, which is tested under compressive loading using a stabilization fixture.NOTE 2: The damage tolerance properties obtained are particular to the type, geometry and location of damage inflicted upon the plate.1.3 The properties generated by this test method are highly dependent upon several factors, which include specimen geometry, layup, damage type, damage size, damage location, and boundary conditions. Thus, results are generally not scalable to other configurations, and are particular to the combination of geometric and physical conditions tested.1.4 This test method can be used to test undamaged polymer matrix composite plates, but historically such tests have demonstrated a relatively high incidence of undesirable failure modes (such as end crushing). Test Method D6641/D6641M is recommended for obtaining compressive properties of undamaged polymer matrix composites.1.5 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The compressive properties obtained by axial compression will provide information such as: modulus of elasticity, stress at proportional limit and compressive strength for the end support, and lateral bracing condition tested.5.2 This test method addresses only full-sized specimens for determination of compressive strength and compressive modulus of elasticity intended for application to actual length members with end conditions and lateral bracing as intended.NOTE 1: The effective length of the column with respect to buckling is affected by the end conditions. A fixed end condition results in an effective length for buckling that is less than the actual length of the column, by as much as 50 %.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of vertical members in axial compression for “full-sized” specimens with various end conditions with constant cross-sections throughout the length.1.2 This test method is limited to reinforced plastic and polymer matrix composite materials and covers the determination of the compressive properties of structural members. The method is intended primarily for members of rectangular cross section, but is also applicable to irregularly shaped studs, round posts, or special sections.1.3 This test method covers short-term axial load testing under standard indoor atmospheric conditions. It does not address: sampling, the ability of the material to carry a sustained long-term load, design load derivations, temperature effects, performance under freeze/thaw or salt spray exposure conditions, chemical/UV exposure effects, or engineering analysis/modeling needed to extrapolate the results to conditions other than those tested. Each of these factors, and potentially others, need to be considered by the design professional or product standard development committee before using the information generated by this test method to assess structural adequacy.1.4 Short sections are not covered in this test method and should be tested using a material test standard such as Test Method D6108 or Test Methods D198.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The conditioning procedures covered in this practice provide methods for saturating PMC specimens in a liquid environment prior to conducting other tests for property evaluation.5.2 The conditioning may affect geometric and dimensional changes in specimens. In some severe cases, chemical changes may occur in the fiber, polymer and fiber-polymer interphase and interface.5.3 Caution must be taken if Procedure B (10.2, Procedure B—Accelerated Moisture Saturation at Elevated Temperature) is followed to condition PMC specimens at an elevated temperature. Physical and chemical reactions in materials are normally temperature dependent. An increase in experimental temperature may accelerate a desirable moisture diffusion process. However, elevated temperatures above 37°C may also cause undesirable reactions that do not represent appropriate responses of materials at 37°C. Consequently, a pilot study is recommended in Procedure B to determine if a selected elevated temperature can be used for accelerated conditioning. If the properties of materials are determined to be irreversibly affected by this pilot study at the selected elevated temperature, then either an appropriate lower elevated temperature should be determined by repeating the pilot study, or Procedure B should not be used.1.1 This practice covers two procedures for conditioning non-absorbable polymer matrix composite (PMC) materials and implant devices in a liquid environment to obtain a state of saturation.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to standardize methods and reporting procedures for conditioning PMC materials and implant devices (PMC specimens) in a user selected liquid environment prior to conducting subsequent tests. It is not the purpose of this practice to determine the diffusion coefficients or actual saturation levels of a given liquid into the materials and devices. For these determinations, other procedures, such as Test Method D5229/D5229M, may be followed.1.3 Diffusion of liquid into a solid material is a slow process. While the time necessary to achieve saturation at 37°C may be sufficiently short for thin specimens, such as fracture fixation plates, it may be prohibitively long in thick sections, such as femoral components for hip arthroplasty. However, the diffusion process may be accelerated at an elevated temperature. Consequently, two separate procedures (Procedures A and B) are presented in this practice. Procedure A covers exposing the specimen to the desired conditioning environment at 37°C. Procedure B prescribes a method to accelerate the diffusion process by conditioning the specimen at a selected elevated temperature.1.4 This practice does not specify the test environment to be used for conditioning. However, the pH value of immersion liquid shall be maintained at 7.4 ± 0.2 to simulate the in vivo environment.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The techniques described in this guide, if properly used in conjunction with a knowledge of behavior of particular material systems, will aid in the proper preparation of consolidated laminates for mechanical property testing.5.2 The techniques described are recommended to facilitate the consistent production of satisfactory test specimens by minimizing uncontrolled processing variance during specimen fabrication.5.3 Steps 3 through 8 of the 8-step process may not be required for particular specimen or test types. If the specimen or test does not require a given step in the process of specimen fabrication, that particular step may be skipped.5.4 A test specimen represents a simplification of the structural part. The test specimen's value lies in the ability of several sites to be able to test the specimen using standard techniques. Test data may not show identical properties to those obtained in a large structure, but a correlation can be made between test results and part performance. This may be due, in part, to the difficulty of creating a processing environment for test specimens that identically duplicates that of larger scale processes.5.5 Tolerances are guidelines based on current lab practices. This guide does not attempt to give detailed instructions due to the variety of possible panels and specimens that could be made. The tolerances should be used as a starting reference from which refinements can be made.1.1 This guide provides guidelines to facilitate the proper preparation of laminates and test specimens from fiber-reinforced organic matrix composite prepregs. The scope is limited to organic matrices and fiber reinforcement in unidirectional (tape) or orthagonal weave patterns. Other forms may require deviations from these general guidelines. Other processing techniques for test coupon preparation, for example, pultrusion, filament winding and resin-transfer molding, are not addressed.1.2 Specimen preparation is modeled as an 8-step process that is presented in Fig. 1 and Section 8. Laminate consolidation techniques are assumed to be by press or autoclave. This practice assumes that the materials are properly handled by the test facility to meet the requirements specified by the material supplier(s) or specification, or both. Proper test specimen identification also includes designation of process equipment, process steps, and any irregularities identified during processing.FIG. 1 8 Step Mechanical Test Data ModelNOTE 1: Material identification is mandatory. Continuous traceability of specimens is required throughout the process. Process checks (Appendix X4) may be done at the end of each step to verify that the step was performed to give a laminate or specimen of satisfactory quality. Steps 4 and 5 may be interchanged. For aramid fibers, step 5 routinely precedes step 4.  Steps 6, 7 and 8 may be interchanged.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Advanced composite systems are used in a number of applications as shields to prevent penetration by projectiles. In general, the use of composites is more effective for blunt, rather than sharp, projectiles or in hybrid systems in which an additional shield can be used to blunt a sharp projectile. Knowledge of the penetration impact resistance of different material systems or the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure to the penetration resistance of given materials is useful for product development and material selection.5.2 An impact test used to measure the penetration resistance of a material can serve the following purposes:5.2.1 To quantify the effect of fiber architecture, stacking sequence, fiber and matrix material selection, and processing parameters on the penetration resistance of different composite materials;5.2.2 To measure the effects of environmental or in-service load exposure on the penetration impact resistance of a given material system; and5.2.3 As a tool for quality assurance requirements for materials designed for penetration resistance applications.5.3 The penetration resistance values obtained with this test method are most commonly used in material specification and selection and research and development activities. The data are not intended for use in establishing design allowables, as the results are specific to the geometry and physical conditions tested and are not generally scalable to other configurations.5.4 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence the penetration resistance of material systems. These include the following: fiber and matrix materials, fiber architecture, layup sequence, methods of material fabrication, environmental exposure parameters, specimen geometry and overall thickness, void content, specimen conditioning, testing environment and exposure time, specimen fixture and alignment, projectile mass and geometry, and projectile orientation at impact. Additional reporting requirements include size and description of damage, results of any pre- and post-test nondestructive inspection, impact velocity, accuracy of the velocity measurement apparatus, and whether or not the projectile penetrated the panel. Residual velocity is a desirable, but not a necessary, value to be reported.5.5 The reporting section shall also include the parameters of a statistical function that gives the probability of penetration as a function of impact kinetic energy (see 14.4).5.6 The relevant measurements that result from the impact test are the kinetic energy and impact velocity of the projectile and whether or not the projectile penetrated the specimen. An optional item to be measured is the loss in kinetic energy of the projectile as a function of impact velocity if measurements of the residual velocity are recorded.1.1 This test method measures the resistance of flat composite panels in one specific clamping configuration to penetration by a blunt projectile in free flight. In this test method, the term “penetration” is defined as the case in which the projectile travels completely through the composite panel and fully exits the back side. The composite materials may be continuous fiber angle-ply, woven or braided fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, or chopped fiber-reinforced composites. The resistance to penetration is quantified by a statistical function that defines the probability of penetration for a given kinetic energy.1.2 This test method is intended for composite test panels in which the thickness dimension is small compared with the test panel width and length (span to thickness on the order of 40 or greater).1.3 This test method is intended for applications such as jet engine fan containment, open rotor engine blade containment, or other applications in which protection is needed for projectiles at velocities typically lower than seen in ballistic armor applications. The typical impact velocity that this test is intended for is in the range of 100 to 500 m/s [300 to 1500 ft/s], as opposed to higher velocities associated with armor penetration.1.4 A flat composite panel is fixed between a circular-shaped clamping fixture and a large base fixture each with a large coaxial hole defining a region of the panel that is subjected to impact in the direction normal to the plane of the flat panel by a blunt projectile. Clamping pressure is provided by 28 through bolts that pass through the front clamp, the test specimen, and the back plate. The mass, geometry, desired impact kinetic energy, and impact orientation of the projectile with respect to the panel are specified before the test. Equipment and procedures are required for measuring the actual impact velocity and orientation during the test. The impact penetration resistance can be quantified by either the velocity or kinetic energy required for the projectile to penetrate the test panel fully. A number of tests are required to obtain a statistical probability of penetration for given impact conditions.1.5 This test method measures the penetration resistance for a specific projectile and test configuration and can be used to screen materials for impact penetration resistance, compare the impact penetration resistance of different composite materials under the same test geometry conditions, or assess the effects of in-service or environmental exposure on the impact penetration resistance of materials.1.6 The impact penetration resistance is highly dependent on the test panel materials and architecture, projectile geometry and mass, and panel boundary conditions. Results are not generally scalable to other configurations but, for the same test configurations, may be used to assess the relative impact penetration resistance of different materials and fiber architectures.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The nighttime retroreflective properties of pavement markings are known to improve driving safety. Retroreflective composite optics have been developed to improve retroreflectivity in dry and rainy wet conditions. For customers purchasing these materials it’s important to verify the consistency and performance. This guide provides a set of laboratory procedures which can be selected individually or together to evaluate lot-to-lot consistency of composite optics of the same type and manufacturer. These are not in-service performance procedures and don’t necessarily predict in-service performance.1.1 This guide presents a series of options for evaluating lot-to-lot consistency of retroreflective composite optics of the same type and form from the same manufacturer and does not recommend any specific course of action to be taken. This guide is meant to increase the awareness of information and approaches and is not meant to recommend any specific course of action per ASTM’s Form and Style for ASTM Standards definition for a Guide.1.1.1 This guide does not determine lab procedure selection or acceptance criteria for a specific retroreflective composite optics product for its intended use. It is the responsibility of the manufacturer and customer to negotiate these details based on their specific needs.1.1.2 This guide is not intended to predict in-service performance levels.1.1.3 This guide is not intended for comparison of different types of composite optics or manufacturers of composite optics.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a measure of the dimensional stability and integrity of the coated edge of various composite wood products under accelerated moisture stress. It is widely used as an indicator or predictor of the anticipated performance of composite wood products during exterior exposure. It may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. It may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated or uncoated composite wood products.1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of swelling and cracking of the coated or uncoated edge of a composite wood substrate that has been subjected to wetting by a test solution containing surface active agent.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is designed to produce in-plane shear property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the shear response and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material preparation and lay-up, specimen stacking sequence and overall thickness, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume percent reinforcement. Properties that may be derived from this test method include the following:5.1.1 In-plane shear stress versus shear strain response,5.1.2 In-plane shear chord modulus of elasticity,5.1.3 Offset shear properties,5.1.4 Maximum in-plane shear stress for a ±45° laminate, and5.1.5 Maximum in-plane engineering shear strain for a ±45° laminate.1.1 This test method determines the in-plane shear response of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material form is limited to a continuous-fiber-reinforced composite ±45° laminate capable of being tension tested in the laminate x direction.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.1.2 Several related ASTM standards reference the procedures and apparatus described within this test method. In particular, the support fixture described in 7.2 is used by several other standards to stabilize compression-loaded test specimens. These include Practice D6742/D6742M, which covers filled-hole compression testing; Practice D7615/D7615M, which covers open-hole fatigue testing; and Practice D8066/D8066M, which covers unnotched laminate compression testing.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying open-hole tension and compression test methods to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/D5766M (for tension testing) and D6484/D6484M (for compression testing) with provisions for testing specimens that contain a close-tolerance fastener or pin installed in the hole. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fastener hole tolerance) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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