This guide defines the criteria for composition, properties, and other requirements for miniature brushes of composite materials containing a matrix of one or more conducting metallic elements or alloys and one or more lubricating lamellar solids intended for sliding electric contacts. Each constituent of the material should be listed individually by weight percent including tolerances using any analytical technique while the apparent density for the material should be defined using the measurement and weight method. The resistivity; Rockwell superficial hardness, transverse strength, and shear strength; and microstructural properties such as cracks and defects should also be defined and should conform to the required electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of the brush materials.1.1 This guide defines the criteria for composition, properties, and other requirements for brushes containing a matrix of one or more conducting metallic elements or alloys and one or more lubricating lamellar solids.1.2 The resulting specification is intended for use where the size (for example, 5 mm by 3 mm by 2 mm), shape, or other factors preclude the determination of properties on specimens of the bulk material from which individual brushes are made.1.3 The requirements recommended herein have been found to be desirable for most brush material composites. Care must be taken in preparing a specification for a pre-existing material that imposition of one or more provisions herein does not alter the material or its performance.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 This guide provides recommended standard formats for the computerization of mechanical test data for a range of test methods for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The types of mechanical tests considered are tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole, bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The recommended formats are not limited in use to these test methods. There are other test methods for which these recommended formats may be useful.4.2 Comparison of data from various sources will be most meaningful if all of the elements are available.4.3 The intent is to provide sufficient detail that values are known for the testing variables that may influence the results. The motivation for this guide is the steadily increasing use of computerized databases. However, this guide is equally appropriate for data stored in a hard-copy form.4.4 This format is for mechanical test data for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composites only. It does not include the recommended material description or the presentation of other specific types of test data (such as fracture toughness test results). These items are covered by separate formats to be referenced in material specifications or other test standards.1.1 This guide provides a common format for mechanical test data for composite materials for two purposes: (1) to establish data reporting requirements for test methods and (2) to provide information for the design of material property databases. This guide should be used in combination with Guide E1309 which provides similar information to identify the composite material tested.1.2 These guidelines are specific to mechanical tests of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. Types of tests considered in this guide include tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole,2 bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The guidelines may also be useful for additional tests or materials.1.3 This guide is the second part of a modular approach for which the first part is Guide E1309. Guide E1309 serves to identify the material, and this guide serves to describe mechanical testing procedures and variables and to record results. The interaction of this guide with Guide E1309 is emphasized by the common numbering of data elements. Data Elements A1 through G13 are included in Guide E1309 and numbering data elements in this guide begins with H1.1.4 This guide with Guide E1309 may be referenced by the data-reporting section of a test method to provide common data-reporting requirements for the types of tests listed in 1.2.1.5 From this information and Guide E1309, the database designer should be able to construct the data dictionary preparatory to developing a database schema.1.6 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in lab notebooks. Property data, data which have been analyzed and reviewed, require a different level of data elements. Data elements for property data are provided in Annex A1.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

1.1 This specification is applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials and of wood-plastic composite materials, and no other plastic composite materials, used as exterior wall coverings, as part of an exterior wall assembly.1.2 This specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials contained in exterior wall assemblies when not used as part of the exterior wall covering.1.3 This specification is not applicable to the use of any of the following types of materials:(a) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) siding (see Specification D3679, for standard vinyl siding, or Specification D7793, for insulated vinyl siding),(b) polypropylene siding (see Specification D7254),(c) wood (including lumber, plywood, engineered wood, coated wood, or painted wood).1.4 This specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials in any application other than the one addressed in 1.1. In particular, this specification is not applicable to the use of plastic lumber materials or of wood-plastic composite materials as exterior deck boards, stair treads, handrails, guards, or soffits.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Any SI units given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce membrane compressive property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the compressive response and should therefore be reported include the following: material, methods of material and specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at reinforcement. Properties, in the test direction, that may be obtained from this test method include:5.1.1 Ultimate compressive strength,5.1.2 Ultimate compressive strain,5.1.3 Compressive (linear or chord) modulus of elasticity, and5.1.4 Transition strain.1.1 This test method covers the in-plane compressive properties of polymer matrix composite materials reinforced by high-modulus fibers in a sandwich beam configuration. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber composites of unidirectional orientation. This test procedure introduces compressive load into a thin skin bonded to a thick honeycomb core with the compressive load transmitted into the sample by subjecting the beam to four-point bending.1.2 This procedure is applicable primarily to laminates made from prepreg or similar product forms. Other product forms may require deviations from the test method.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.NOTE 1: Additional procedures for determining compressive properties of polymer matrix composites may be found in Test Methods D3410/D3410M and D695.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 This test method is based on the penetration by a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is related inversely to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements, such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes it is recommended that Test Method D785 be used for hard materials and Test Method D2240 be used for solid elatomers.1.1 This test method describes a type of composite foam hardness measurement device known as durometer: Type CF. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances comprised of two or more elastomeric materials, one of which is a foam or foam like material. These are classified as composite foam structures. The composite foam product may have an armature made of a material suitable for adding structural integrity including but not limited to metal, plastic, or wood. This construction is typical for lapbar restraints, seating, and other restraint devices, as well as some show elements.1.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Methods D1415 and D2240.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U.S. customary system to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.1.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) or other internationally recognized organizations.1.5 This test method is not a safety standard as it pertains to ride legislation. The use of this test method is optional based upon an agreement between customers and suppliers of foam products.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Typically, FT is used to identify flaws that occur in the manufacture of composite structures, or to identify and track flaws that develop during the service lifetime of the structure. Flaws detected with FT include delamination, disbonds, voids, inclusions, foreign object debris, porosity, or the presence of fluid that is in contact with the backside of the inspection surface. For example, the effect of variable ply number (or thickness), bridging, and an insert simulating delamination on heat flow into a composite is shown in Fig. 1 (left). Bridging (Fig. 1, right) or delaminated areas show up as hot spots due to discontinuous heat flow, causing heating to be localized close to the inspection surface. With dedicated signal processing and the use of representative test samples, characterization of flaw depth and size, or measurement of component thickness and thermal diffusivity, may be performed.FIG. 1 Variation of Heat Flow Into a Composite With Variable Ply Thickness (Scenarios 1, 3, and 4), Bridging (Scenario 2) And an Insert (Scenario 5) (Left), And a Post Layup Line Scan Showing Bright Spots Attributed to Bridging (Right) (Courtesy of NASA Langley Research Center)5.2 Since FT is based on the diffusion of thermal energy from the inspection surface of the specimen to the opposing surface (or the depth plane of interest), the practice requires that data acquisition allows sufficient time for this process to occur, and that at the completion of the acquisition process, the radiated surface temperature signal collected by the IR camera is strong enough to be distinguished from spurious IR contributions from background sources or system noise.5.3 This method is based on accurate detection of changes in the emitted IR energy emanating from the inspection surface during the cooling process. As the emissivity of the inspection surface falls below that of an ideal blackbody (blackbody emissivity = 1), the signal detected by the IR camera may include components that are reflected from the inspection surface. Most composite materials can be examined without special surface preparation. However, it may be necessary to coat low-emissivity, optically translucent inspection surfaces with an optically opaque, high-emissivity water-washable paint.5.4 This practice applies to the detection of flaws with aspect ratio greater than one.5.5 This practice is based on the thermal response of a specimen to a light pulse that is uniformly distributed over the plane of the inspection surface. To ensure that 1-dimensional heat flow from the surface into the sample is the primary cooling mechanism during the data acquisition period, the height and width dimensions of the heated area should be significantly greater than the thickness of the specimen, or the depth plane of interest. To minimize edge effects, the height and width dimensions of the heated area should be at least 5 % greater than the height and width dimensions of the inspection area.5.6 This practice applies to flat panels, or to curved panels where the angle between the line normal to the inspection surface and the IR camera optical axis is less than 30°. Analysis of regions with higher curvature can result in streaking artifacts due to nonuniform heating (Fig. 2).FIG. 2 Thermal Scan of a Complex Composite Shape (Left) Showing Less Effective Heating of a High Curvature Saddle-Region, Resulting in a Darker Diagonal Streak in the Thermographic Image (Right) (Courtesy of NASA Langley Research Center)1.1 This practice describes a procedure for detecting subsurface flaws in composite panels and repair patches using Flash Thermography (FT), in which an infrared (IR) camera is used to detect anomalous cooling behavior of a sample surface after it has been heated with a spatially uniform light pulse from a flash lamp array.1.2 This practice describes established FT test methods that are currently used by industry, and have demonstrated utility in quality assurance of composite structures during post-manufacturing and in-service examinations.1.3 This practice has utility for testing of polymer composite panels and repair patches containing, but not limited to, bismaleimide, epoxy, phenolic, poly(amide imide), polybenzimidazole, polyester (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(ether ether ketone), poly(ether imide), polyimide (thermosetting and thermoplastic), poly(phenylene sulfide), or polysulfone matrices; and alumina, aramid, boron, carbon, glass, quartz, or silicon carbide fibers. Typical as-fabricated geometries include uniaxial, cross ply, and angle ply laminates; as well as honeycomb core sandwich core materials.1.4 This practice has utility for testing of ceramic matrix composite panels containing, but not limited to, silicon carbide, silicon nitride, and carbon matrix and fibers.1.5 This practice applies to polymer or ceramic matrix composite structures with inspection surfaces that are sufficiently optically opaque to absorb incident light, and that have sufficient emissivity to allow monitoring of the surface temperature with an IR camera. Excessively thick samples, or samples with low thermal diffusivities, require long acquisition periods and yield weak signals approaching background and noise levels, and may be impractical for this technique.1.6 This practice applies to detection of flaws in a composite panel or repair patch, or at the bonded interface between the panel and a supporting sandwich core or solid substrate. It does not apply to discontinuities in the sandwich core, or at the interface between the sandwich core and a second panel on the far side of the core (with respect to the inspection apparatus).1.7 This practice does not specify accept-reject criteria and is not intended to be used as a basis for approving composite structures for service.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.1.1 This test method determines the open-hole compressive strength of multidirectional polymer matrix composite laminates reinforced by high-modulus fibers. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber or discontinuous-fiber (tape or fabric, or both) reinforced composites in which the laminate is balanced and symmetric with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.1.2 Several related ASTM standards reference the procedures and apparatus described within this test method. In particular, the support fixture described in 7.2 is used by several other standards to stabilize compression-loaded test specimens. These include Practice D6742/D6742M, which covers filled-hole compression testing; Practice D7615/D7615M, which covers open-hole fatigue testing; and Practice D8066/D8066M, which covers unnotched laminate compression testing.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 Refer to Guide D8509.1.1 This practice provides instructions for modifying open-hole tension and compression test methods to determine filled-hole tensile and compressive strengths. The composite material forms are limited to continuous-fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites in which the laminate is both symmetric and balanced with respect to the test direction. The range of acceptable test laminates and thicknesses are described in 8.2.1.1.2 This practice supplements Test Methods D5766/D5766M (for tension testing) and D6484/D6484M (for compression testing) with provisions for testing specimens that contain a close-tolerance fastener or pin installed in the hole. Several important test specimen parameters (for example, fastener selection, fastener installation method, and fastener hole tolerance) are not mandated by this practice; however, repeatable results require that these parameters be specified and reported.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3.1 Within the text the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce through-thickness failure data for structural design and analysis, quality assurance, and research and development. Factors that influence the through-thickness tensile strength, and should therefore be reported, include the following: material and fabric reinforcement, methods of material and fabric preparation, methods of processing and specimen fabrication, specimen stacking sequence, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, speed of testing, time at temperature, void content, and volume reinforcement content.1.1 This test method determines the through-thickness “flatwise” tensile strength and elastic modulus of fiber reinforced polymer matrix composite materials. A tensile force is applied normal to the plane of the composite laminate using adhesively bonded thick metal end-tabs. The composite material forms are limited to continuous fiber (unidirectional reinforcement or two-dimensional fabric) or discontinuous fiber (nonwoven or chopped) reinforced composites.1.2 The through-thickness strength results using this test method will in general not be comparable to Test Method D6415 since this method subjects a relatively large volume of material to an almost uniform stress field while Test Method D6415 subjects a small volume of material to a non-uniform stress field.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers pressure-rated composite pipe and fittings for the transport of hot or cold liquids, beverages, or gases that are compatible with the composite pipe and fittings. Composite pipe is produced using a butt welded aluminum pipe as a core, with an extruded inside layer of cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) or polyethylene (PE). An adhesive layer is used to bond the inside layer to the wall of the aluminum pipe. An outer layer of polyethylene (PE) and an adhesive layer are extruded to the outer wall of the aluminum pipe. The following test shall be performed to conform with the specified requirements: composite pipe and fittings qualification test; hydrostatic sustained pressure test; vacuum depression test; hot and cold pressure cycling; water hammer test; delamination; fusion line test; and gel content.1.1 This specification covers pressure-rated composite pipe and fittings for the transport of hot or cold liquids, beverages, or gases that are compatible with the composite pipe and fittings.1.2 Composite pipe is produced using a butt welded aluminum pipe as a core, with an extruded inside layer of crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) or polyethylene (PE). An adhesive layer is used to bond the inside layer to the wall of the aluminum pipe. An outer layer of polyethylene (PE) and an adhesive layer are extruded to the outer wall of the aluminum pipe.1.3 Composite pipe is produced in four configurations and referenced in Fig. 1, as Classes 1, 2, 3, and 4 composite pipe.1.4 This specification includes compression fittings and compression joints, which are referenced in . Compression fittings as described in this specification are not compatible for gas transportation. Threaded fittings are referenced in .1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 The values stated in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents, therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the specification.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

2.1 Multilayer composite tile or flooring may consist of a decorative pattern layer and a transparent wear layer. Some floors may also include a stress absorbing foam layer or a backing layer of other type.2.2 Included in the composition are vinyl resins, suitably plasticized and stabilized, with or without fortifying fibers, mineral fillers and prime pigments. Metallic accents (chips, pigments, etc.) are frequently used to form the overall design. The transparent wear coating is usually polyurethane, acrylic or vinyl. Although the transparent wear layer provides an extra measure of protection, the surface is subject to the same wear and tear as other types of floors.1.1 This practice covers the application of floor polishes to maintain multilayer composite tile or flooring.2 Floor polishes are applied to multilayer composite floors for protection and beautification of the floor surface. Cleaning, polish application, removal, and maintenance procedures are important functions in this process.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method can be used to obtain the fiber content, fiber areal weight, matrix content or matrix solids content. Knowledge of these results is useful in specifying material systems and in developing optimum manufacturing processes. Where volatiles content is consistent and not critical to process, matrix content shall be used.5.2 This test method is limited to reinforcement constituents that do not change mass upon exposure to the matrix removal procedure and limited to matrix constituents that are fully removed by the matrix removal procedure. In the event of experiencing either limitation, an agreement should be reached with the end-user as to how to proceed.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fiber content, fiber areal weight, matrix solids content and matrix content of composite material prepregs. Optionally, the matrix solids content can also be determined after a volatiles content has been established. Volatiles content, if appropriate and required, is determined by means of Test Method D3530.1.2 Procedure A of this test method applies to composite prepreg of primarily thermosetting matrices that can be extracted in organic solvent. The reinforcement and filler must be substantially insoluble in the selected extraction reagent. This procedure may also be used for the same purposes to extract other matrix material types.1.3 Procedure B of this test method uses ignition loss of a composite prepreg matrix and applies to organic matrix composite systems containing reinforcing fibers that do not change mass when exposed to the matrix combustion method.1.4 This test method assumes a two-part material system (plus volatiles) and does not distinguish between hybrid reinforcements or matrices. Use with hybrid composites is limited to determination of total reinforcement or total matrix content.1.5 Matrix solids determination for Procedures A or B uses Test Method D3530 to determine volatiles content.1.6 Alternate techniques for determining constituent content include Test Methods C613 (resin content by Soxhlet extraction) and D3171 (used principally for consolidated laminates).1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Sections 8 and 9.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is used to obtain the volatiles content of composite material prepreg. Knowledge of the volatiles content is useful in developing optimum manufacturing processes.5.2 The volatiles content is determined after exposure to the nominal cure or consolidation temperature.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatiles content, in mass percent of composite material prepregs. This standard focuses on composites with thermosetting resins, which tend to lose a few percent of the matrix mass when heated due to loss of both retained water and low molecular weight matrix constituents that volatilize during heating.1.2 Use of this test method is limited to maximum temperature of circulating air ovens, approximately 300 °C (572 °F).1.3 Use of this test method is limited to temperatures below which the matrix flows from the reinforcement.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This specification covers a Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Aluminum/Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride), (CPVC AL CPVC), composite pressure tubing with a welded aluminum tube reinforcement between the inner and outer layers. The inner and outer CPVC layers are bonded to the aluminum tube by a melt adhesive. The components covered by this specification are intended for use in residential and commercial, hot and cold, potable water distribution systems. This specification covers only composite tubing incorporating a continuously welded aluminum tube.1.1 This specification covers a Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride)/Aluminum/Chlorinated Poly(Vinyl Chloride), (CPVC-AL-CPVC), composite pressure tubing with a welded aluminum tube reinforcement between the inner and outer layers. The inner and outer CPVC layers are bonded to the aluminum tube by a melt adhesive. Included is a system of nomenclature for the composite tubing, the requirements and test methods for materials, the dimensions of the component layers and finished tubing, adhesion tests, hydrostatic burst and sustained pressure and thermocycling performance. Also given are the requirements and methods of marking. The components covered by this specification are intended for use in residential and commercial, hot and cold, potable water distribution systems.NOTE 1: The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.2 This specification covers only composite tubing incorporating a continuously welded aluminum tube. Tubing consisting of metallic layers not continuously welded together are outside the scope of this specification.1.3 Specifications for internal bushings for use with composite tubing meeting the requirements of this specification are given in Annex A1.1.4 Tubing meeting the requirements of this standard are designed to be used with fittings and solvent cements meeting the requirements of Specification D2846/D2846M when assembled in accordance with Annex A2. Warning—Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.1.5 The products covered by this specification are intended for use with the distribution of pressurized liquids only, which are chemically compatible with the tubing materials. Due to inherent hazards associated with testing components and systems with compressed air or other compressed gases, some manufacturers do not allow pneumatic testing of their products. Consult with specific product manufacturers for their specific testing procedures prior to pneumatic testing.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.NOTE 2: Suggested hydrostatic design pressures and pressure ratings for tubing are listed in Appendix X1.1.7 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 9. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is designed to produce inplane shear property data for material specifications, research and development, quality assurance, and structural design and analysis. Factors that influence the inplane shear response and should therefore be reported are material, method of material preparation, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment and gripping, speed of testing, void content, and fiber volume fraction. Properties, in the test direction, that may be obtained from this test method are as follows:5.1.1 Inplane Shear Strength, τ12u,5.1.2 Inplane Shear Strain at Failure, γ12u , and 5.1.3 Inplane Shear Modulus, G12.1.1 This test method determines the inplane shear properties of wound polymer matrix composites reinforced by high-modulus continuous fibers. It describes testing of hoop wound (90°) cylinders in torsion for determination of inplane shear properties.1.2 The technical content of this test method has been stable since 1993 without significant objection from its stakeholders. As there is limited technical support for the maintenance of this test method, changes since that date have been limited to items required to retain consistency with other ASTM D30 Committee standards, including editorial changes and incorporation of updated guidance on specimen preconditioning and environmental testing. The test method, therefore, should not be considered to include any significant changes in approach and practice since 1993. Future maintenance of the test method will only be in response to specific requests and performed only as technical support allows.1.3 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车