5.1 When significant quantities of inorganic or organic material are present in water samples (high suspended solids), microplastic particles/fibers can be masked and the ability to conduct reliable identification and quantification analyses of the plastic particles/fibers can be impeded.5.2 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in wastewater influent (high suspended solids), the sampling procedure must be able to reliably collect samples at a constant flow over the desired 24-hour interval to reflect changes in diurnal flow. For wastewater influent the capture flow rate should be no less than 1 GPM over the 24-hour interval (approximately 1440 gal or 5450 L total) to minimize the problem with heterogeneity of the suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).5.3 In order to quantify the occurrence of microplastic particles/fibers in all other water samples with a lower content of inorganic or organic material present addressed by this practice (low to medium suspended solids), a minimum volume of 1500 L (approximately 400 gal) should be filtered through the appropriate filters or sieves to minimize potential issues with heterogeneity of suspended solids and to reduce the standard error (the larger the sample size, the smaller the standard error).5.4 Microplastic particles/fibers retained on the sieves are suitable for characterization in terms of size, shape, quantity, and composition (polymer type), dependent upon the chosen analytical method.1.1 This practice provides for the collection of water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. This collection practice has been validated for the collection of samples from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters. This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.1.2 Water samples are passed through filters or sieves of adequate mesh size to enable capture of the smallest desired particle size. For waters with high or medium suspended solids content, a series of sieves with increasingly smaller mesh size should be used to prevent clogging and allow for the collection of desired particle size fractions.1.3 Subsequent sample preparation followed by analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS), IR spectroscopy, or Raman spectroscopy may be used to identify the quantity (mass or number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles/fibers. The spectroscopic methods can provide a count of the number of particles and fibers present in a sample, and Py-GC/MS can provide the mass present in a sample. When desired, microplastic particle/fiber size, shape and surface characteristics can be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM).1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard except where standard U.S. equipment is specified in imperial units, for example, inches and gallons. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 Standard Practice—This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Passive soil gas samplers are a minimally invasive, easy-to-use technique in the field for identifying VOCs and SVOCs in the vadose zone. Similar to active soil gas and other field screening techniques, the simplicity and low cost of passive samplers enables them to be applied in large numbers, facilitating detailed mapping of contamination across a site, for the purpose of identifying source areas and release locations, focusing subsequent soil and groundwater sampling locations, focusing remediation plans, identifying vapor intrusion pathways, tracking groundwater plumes, and monitoring remediation progress. Data generated from passive soil gas sampling are semi-quantitative and are dependent on numerous factors both within and outside the control of the sampling personnel. Key variables are identified and briefly discussed in the following sections.NOTE 1: Additional non-mandatory information on these factors or variables are covered in the applicable standards referenced in Section 2, and the footnotes and Bibliography presented herewith.5.2 Application—The techniques described in this practice are suitable for sampling soil gas with sorbent samplers in a wide variety of geological settings for subsequent analysis for VOCs and SVOCs. The techniques also may prove useful for species other than VOCs and SVOCs, such as elemental mercury, with specialized sorbent media and analysis.5.2.1 Source Identification and Spatial Variability Assessment—Passive soil gas sampling can be an effective method to identify contaminant source areas in the vadose zone and delineate the extent of contamination. By collecting samples in a grid with fewer data gaps, the method allows for an increase in data density and, therefore, provides a high-resolution depiction of the nature and extent of contamination across the survey area. By comparing the results, as qualitative or quantitative, from one location to another, the relative distribution and spatial variability of the contaminants in the subsurface can be determined, thereby improving the conceptual site model. Areas of the site reporting non-detects can be removed from further investigation, while subsequent sampling and remediation can be focused in areas determined from the PSG survey to be impacted.5.2.2 Monitoring—Passive soil gas samplers are used to monitor changes in site conditions (for example, new releases on-site, an increase in contaminant concentrations in groundwater from onsite or off-site sources, and effectiveness of remedial system performance) as reflected by the changes in soil gas results at fixed locations over time. An initial set of data is collected to establish a baseline and subsequent data sets are collected for comparison. The sampling and analytical procedures should remain as near to constant as possible so significant changes in soil gas results can be attributed to those changes in subsurface contaminant levels at the site that will then warrant further investigation to identify the cause.5.2.3 Vapor Intrusion Evaluation—Passive soil gas sampling can be used to identify vapor migration and intrusion pathways (see Practice E2600), with the data providing a line of evidence on the presence or absence of the compounds in soil vapor, the nature and extent in relation to potential receptors, and whether a vapor pathway is complete. Sorbent samplers can be placed beneath the slab or in close proximity to buildings to collect time-integrated samples targeting VOCs and SVOCs at concentrations often lower than can be achieved with active soil gas sampling methods.5.3 Limitations—Passive soil gas data are reported in mass of individual compounds or compound groups identified per sample location, with the reporting units generally in nanograms (ng) or micrograms (μg) per sampler and not a concentration (see 6.8). Ideally, the data produced using this method will be representative of time-weighted soil gas concentrations, present in the vicinity of the PSG sampler and sorbed on the sampler during the exposure period; however, non-uniformity of sampler design, starvation effects during sample collection, or an insufficient amount of sorbent that results in saturation of the sorbent surface area, or combinations thereof, will affect the relationship between sorbed mass and soil gas concentrations present. The degree to which these data are representative of any larger areas or different times depends on numerous site-specific factors. In general, information obtained from a passive soil gas sampling program alone is not sufficient to support a quantitative determination of soil gas concentrations.5.4 Sampler Design—Passive soil gas is an effective investigatory/monitoring tool if the appropriate quality controls are included in the technology design, which includes uniformity in the construction of the sampler. At a minimum, controls should be in place to ensure that (1) the appropriate sorbents with hydrophobic properties are used to target the compounds of concern (see Practice D6196), (2) materials used to house the sorbents are chemically-inert, non-reactive or corrosive, and will not off-gas compounds or act as competing sorbents (see Guide D5314, paragraph 6.5.3), and (3) the sorbents are housed in suitable containers that protect the sorbents, allow diffusion of the soil gas to the sorbents, and facilitate installation of the sampler to the desired sampling depth.5.4.1 Sampler Conditioning—Before being sent to the field for deployment, the PSG sampler should be conditioned to remove any potential contamination present on or in the sorbent and sampler materials or both encountered during sampler construction or storage prior to use. The conditioning process should be one that does not damage the sorptive capability of the sorbent. Following conditioning, the sampler is then capped/resealed and stored in a container that provides adequate protection against ambient sources of contamination before and after sample collection in the field, including during transport. Preparation blanks from each batch of conditioned samplers should be analyzed to verify that the sorbents were effectively conditioned and do not retain measurable masses of target compounds above reporting limits. Furthermore, when trip blanks, which are included with all shipments to and from the field, report non-detects for the targeted compounds, these QC samples provide additional evidence that the samplers were conditioned to have no measurable mass of target compounds and that the measurements on field samples originate from the site itself.5.5 Sampler Exposure Periods—Guidelines for PSG exposure periods for source identification, spatial variability assessment, and vapor intrusion evaluation should consider the project objectives, target compounds, required detection limits or anticipated soil gas concentrations or both, design of the passive sampler, matrix heterogeneity, soil types (total porosity), soil moisture level (water filled porosity), and depth to expected contaminants. Sites having coarse-grained dry soils, high concentrations, shallow groundwater or soil contamination or both, and volatile compounds typically require shorter exposure periods. Sites with finegrained, clays or moist soils or both, deep contaminant sources, low concentrations, or SVOCs, or combinations thereof, typically require longer exposure periods. Exposure periods typically range from days to weeks but can be as brief as one hour when high concentrations of target compounds are expected in the soil vapor.5.6 Sampler Spacing—Grid designs can consist of regularly spaced sampler locations, random or irregular spaced, and as transects or varying spatial intervals (see Guide D6311). Biased spacing in which smaller sample spacing is used in areas with known or suspected targets (that is, source areas) and large spacing in areas not believed to be impacted are also used. For large area investigations, a staged or phased sampling program can be used. The investigation begins with a widely spaced regular grid design. The initial soil gas results are reviewed and subsequent sampling is conducted at locations where the target compounds were observed. The subsequent survey design consists of more closely spaced samples to resolve the feature of interest in greater detail. Multiple phases of soil gas sampling can be combined to provide one comprehensive image of the soil gas results. Staged or phased investigations require multiple deployments adding costs to the overall investigations. However, areas of the site that have nondetectable values in the soil gas may be removed from further investigation.5.6.1 There is no prescribed or set sampler spacing appropriate for all sites, as sample spacing and survey design are based on project objectives and each site is unique. General recommendations for sampler spacing range from 3 to 30 m, with 7.5- to 15-m spacing when site knowledge is lacking. Infill sampling is recommended in areas having wider sample spacing initially.5.6.2 Site-specific information (investigation area size, groundwater depth, soil type and moisture content, purpose of the investigation, etc.) should be considered along with these guidelines in determining the grid spacing used. The selection of grid cell size (a direct function of the sampler spacing deployed in a grid pattern) is strongly dependent upon the relationship between both project confidence level and budget requirements. The tendency exists for investigators with constrained budgets to use overly large grid cell spacing. This action of “undersampling” normally results in inadequate, over-interpreted data with unsupported conclusions. Care shall be taken to avoid this problem (Guide D5314). In designing an effective soil gas survey to develop a rational conceptual site model, the survey objective balanced by budget should determine the sample spacing.5.7 Sampling Depth—Consideration of project objectives should be taken into account when determining deployment depth. It is ideal, when possible, to deploy samplers at the same depth to ensure data consistency. PSG samplers are generally installed from a depth of 15-cm to 1.0-m BLS; however, holes may be advanced to greater depths when appropriate, and samplers can also be suspended beneath surface flux chambers or in permanent vapor ports.5.8 Soil Types—In general, sandy soils tend to be more porous and permeable and, thus, require shorter exposure times. Conversely, soils with high clay contents tend to be less porous and permeable and typically have lower flux rates (see Practice D2487). Soil types vary in vapor permeability due to the differences in the number and interconnectivity of air-filled pores. The more air-filled, interconnected the pores are, the greater the potential flux of contaminants through the soil to the sampler. Starvation effects resulting in low bias are more likely to occur in low permeability soils where the flux through the soil matrix is limited.5.9 Effects of Soil Moisture—Because diffusion of vapors from subsurface sources to passive samplers relies on interconnected and air-filled pores within the soil column, soil moisture can have a significant effect on the flux of contaminants and, therefore, the mass of the contaminant available for adsorption by the sampling device. The use of hydrophobic sorbents minimizes the effect on sampler sensitivity, but does not change the impact of soil moisture on contaminant soil gas concentrations. As a result, areas of high soil moisture may have significantly lower soil gas results than areas of low soil moisture, even though subsurface concentrations are similar in both areas. Therefore, some knowledge of the soil moisture conditions can help in interpreting soil gas results. This knowledge is also useful for comparing results from subsequent surveys performed at a site.5.10 Effects of Target Compounds—In general, the larger the molecular weight of the compounds being targeted, the lower the vapor pressure and resulting concentrations in the soil gas, and therefore, the longer the required exposure time of the PSG samplers in the vadose zone.5.11 Sealing (Plugging) the Top of the Hole—Once the PSG sampler is inserted in the ground, the top of the hole is plugged with a material that will effectively seal the hole, such as aluminum foil or cork, which can then be covered with soil. For concrete or asphalt surfacing, an approximately 5-mm-thick mortar or quick-setting concrete patch above the plug can be used as an option to maintain the integrity of the surface while the sampler is in the ground. The materials used to plug the hole should not contribute compounds of concern and the seal should be flush mounted to keep the sampler safe from harm, prevent ingress of ambient air or surface water, and not interrupt ongoing site activities during the exposure period.5.12 Effects of Ambient Air While Installing/Retrieving Samplers—PSG samplers arrive at the site sealed to protect the sorbents from contaminants in ambient air during transport. Just prior to installation into the hole, and then again during retrieval, the sampler is exposed to ambient air for a brief period of time. The typical time of exposure to the ambient air is less than 15 s. In some instances, it may be necessary to collect a field blank using a PSG sampler to evaluate whether compounds in the ambient air potentially biased the results. To perform this quality control check, an identical PSG sampler is opened and exposed to the ambient air for approximately the same amount of time required to install and then later retrieve a PSG sampler at a designated location. The field blank is sealed at all other times and is transported to the laboratory along with the field samples. Care should be taken to minimize the sorbent exposure to ambient air during field activities. Obvious sources of contamination (for example, gas-powered electrical generators or vehicle exhaust) should not be in close proximity when installing/retrieving a sampler.NOTE 2: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/and so forth. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Purpose—This practice covers standardized techniques for passively collecting soil gas samples from the vadose zone and is to be used in conjunction with Guide D5314.1.2 Objectives—Objectives guiding the development of this practice are: (1) to synthesize and put in writing good commercial and customary practice for conducting passive soil gas sampling, (2) to ensure that the process for collecting and analyzing passive soil gas samples is practical and reasonable, and (3) to provide standard guidance for passive soil gas sampling performed in support of source identification, spatial variability/extent determinations, site assessment, site monitoring, and vapor intrusion investigations.1.3 This practice does not address requirements of any federal, state, or local regulations or guidance or both with respect to soil gas sampling. Users are cautioned that federal, state, and local guidance may impose specific requirements that differ from those of this practice.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Large volumes of water are required to be sieved for accurate quantification of microplastics. Water with high to medium content of suspended solids can lead to an excess of inorganic and organic background material which can interfere with the ability to conduct reliable analyses. The presence of this background material can often impede the ability to accurately discern, distinguish and identify the number of microplastic particles in solution.5.2 The digestion described in this procedure allows for significant reduction of interfering substances and contaminants, rendering a sample suitable for particle and fiber characterization and identification using either Raman and IR spectroscopic analysis or for polymeric quantification and identification by Pyrolysis-GC/MS.5.3 For water samples with medium to low suspended solids, the oxidation and digestion steps necessary will be dependent upon the type and nature of interfering substances and contaminants and may be determined through simple trial efforts.1.1 This practice provides for the sample preparation of collected water samples with high, medium, or low suspended solids to determine the presence, count, polymer type, and physical characteristics of microplastic particles and fibers. It has been designed for the preparation of samples collected from drinking water, surface waters, wastewater influent and effluent (secondary and tertiary), and marine waters using collection practice (Practice D8332). This practice is not limited to these particular water matrices; however, the applicability of this practice to other aqueous matrices must be demonstrated.1.2 This practice consists of a wet peroxide oxidation followed by progressive enzymatic digestion to the extent necessary to remove interfering organic constituents such as cellulose, lipids and chitin that are typically found in abundance in water matrices of samples with high to medium suspended solids such as wastewater influent. For water samples with low suspended solids, such as but not limited to drinking water and tertiary treated wastewater, the oxidation and digestion steps may not be necessary.1.3 Water samples prepared using this practice are suitable for analysis utilizing either Pyrolysis-GC/MS methods for qualitative identification and mass quantitation, or IR spectroscopy or Raman spectroscopy for identifying the quantity (number count) and composition (polymer type) of microplastic particles. If desired, microplastic particle size and shape may be ascertained with appropriate instruments such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and microscopy techniques.1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides the recommended data elements for the identification of fiber-reinforced composite materials and the information which is considered essential to uniquely describe a fiber, filler, or core material. 4.2 The intent of this guide is to provide sufficient detail that values are known for the material parameters that may influence test results or material property values. 4.3 This guide is for material identification and description only. It does not include the recommended data elements for mechanical test data or other specific types of test data. Such items are covered by separate formats to be referenced in material specifications or other test standards. 4.4 Composite materials are defined as two or more materials that are combined on a macroscale. There is a gray area between composites and other material classes. Two examples of this gray area between polymer matrix composites and plastics are toughened polystyrene and liquid crystal polymer. Appendix X1 contains a table, which provides guidelines for distinguishing between reinforced polymers and polymer matrix composites. 4.5 Composite materials consist of a matrix phase and one or more discrete reinforcements. Reinforcements may be interpreted broadly to include any macroscale second material, including fibers, particulates, precipitated particles, or structured domains of the parent material. The reinforcements covered in this guide include fibers and such particulates and precipitated particles that can be described adequately as filler within the matrix. The reinforcements may be polymers, metals, ceramics, or other materials. Sandwich constructions are covered by this guide via identification of the core material. These guidelines are suitable for the identification of composites in simple shapes of constant thickness; for example, plates or tubes. For complex structures, additional information relevant to a specific application may be required. 4.6 Classification of composite materials is complicated by the fact that composites are formed by combining different materials in varying amounts and configurations; this results in an infinite number of possibilities. An effective identification scheme must be capable of possible combinations without overburdening the system with details relevant only to a limited number of material systems. This guide provides both essential data elements and data elements that are considered desirable but not essential. Data elements are considered essential if they are required to make a meaningful comparison of property data from different sources. 4.7 Identification of constituent materials of the composites is included to the level considered necessary for identification of the composite. 4.8 Comparison of property data from different databases will be most meaningful if all the essential information defined by the guide is present. Comparison may still be possible if essential information is omitted, but the usefulness of the comparison may be greatly reduced. 4.9 For identification of composite materials, Table 1 (Part A) and Tables 2 and 3 shall be used. (A) Includes non-hexagonal open cell shapes, such as Flexcore®, etc. Flexcore® is a registered trademark of Hexcel, Inc. and has been found satisfactory for this purpose. 4.10 For identification of fiber, filler, and core, Table 1 (Part B), Tables 4-10, and Tables 11-14 shall be used. (A) Field numbers are for information only.(B) Dimension parameter and value should be given for each relevant dimension. Type is essential information if value is given.(C) For each dimension in which distribution width is relevant. Parameter is essential if parameter value is given. 4.11 For identification of matrix, Table 1 (Part C) and Tables 15-17 shall be used. (A) CMH-17, Volume 2, Section 1.6.1, and Terminology D1600. 4.12 For identification of preform, Table 1 (Part D) and Tables 18-20 shall be used. 4.13 For identification of prepreg, Table 1 (Part E), Table 5, and Tables 21 and 22 shall be used. 4.14 For identification of process, Table 1 (Part F), Table 16, and Tables 23-26 shall be used. 4.15 For identification of composite parts, Table 1 (Part G) and Table 27 shall be used. 1.1 This guide establishes essential and desirable identification elements for fiber-reinforced composite materials and for fibers, fillers, and core materials, matrices, preforms, prepregs, processes, and parts used in these composite materials. This guide is intended for preparing test reports, databases, and material documents. 1.2 These guidelines are specific to fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composite materials. Composite materials, which also contain particulates or precipitated particles, are also included, provided they can be described adequately as a filler in the matrix. 1.3 The materials covered by this guide include fibers, both continuous and discontinuous, and fillers of various geometries which are used as reinforcements in composite materials, as well as core materials used in sandwich composites, matrices both thermoset and thermoplastic, fiber preforms, prepreg product forms, manufacturing processes, and generic part forms. Cores may be foam, honeycomb, or naturally occurring materials such as balsa wood. These materials are distinguished from bulk materials by the importance of their specialized geometric forms to their properties. This difference is reflected in the use of geometry, along with chemistry, as a primary basis for classification. Additional data elements that are considered desirable, but not essential, are also defined. The purpose is to allow the meaningful comparison of data from different sources. 1.4 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in laboratory notebooks. Property data, data that have been analyzed and reviewed, may only need a subset of these data elements. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 For research, development, and quality control purposes, it is advantageous to determine the composition of rubbers in cured, compounded products.3.2 This practice provides such composition analysis, utilizing a gas chromatograph and pyrolysis products from rubber decomposition.1.1 This practice covers the identification of polymers in raw rubbers, and cured and uncured compounds, based on a single polymer, by the gas chromatographic patterns of their pyrolysis products (pyrograms). Implementation of this guide presupposes a working knowledge of the principles and techniques of gas chromatography, sufficient to carry out this practice and to interpret the results correctly.21.2 This practice will identify the following polymers:1.2.1 Polyisoprene of natural or synthetic origin,1.2.2 Butadiene-styrene copolymers,1.2.3 Polybutadiene,1.2.4 Polychloroprene,1.2.5 Butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers,1.2.6 Ethylene-propylene copolymers and related terpolymers, and1.2.7 Isobutene-isoprene copolymers.1.3 This practice will not differentiate the following polymers:1.3.1 Natural polyisoprene from synthetic polyisoprene.1.3.2 Butadiene-styrene copolymers produced by solution and emulsion polymerization. It is sometimes possible to distinguish butadiene-styrene copolymers containing different amounts of styrene as well as random polymers from block polymers.1.3.3 Polybutadiene with different microstructures.1.3.4 Different types of polychloroprenes.1.3.5 Butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers with different monomer ratios.1.3.6 Ethylene-propylene copolymers with different monomer ratios, as well as the copolymers from the related terpolymers.1.3.7 Isobutene-isoprene copolymers (butyl rubbers) from halogenated butyl rubbers.1.3.8 Polyisoprene containing different amounts of cis-trans isomers.1.3.9 The practice does not identify ebonite or hard rubbers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 For a geosynthetic to be properly used it must be adequately identified and packaged. It must be handled and stored in such a way that its physical property values are not degraded. Failure to follow good practice may result in the unnecessary failure of the geosynthetic in a properly designed application.4.2 This guide is not intended to replace project-specific storage, handling, identification, packaging, or installation requirements or quality assurance programs.1.1 This guide provides guidelines for the identification and packaging of rolled geosynthetics by the manufacturer and for the handling and storage of geosynthetics by the end user. This guide is not to be considered as all encompassing since each project involving geosynthetics presents its own challenges and special conditions. Geosynthetic samples are often taken at manufacturer, supplier, or at the job site primarily for the purpose of conformance testing and verification. These samples should be properly labeled for identification purposes.1.2 This guide is intended to aid manufacturers, suppliers, purchasers, and users of geosynthetics for identification, handling, and storage.1.3 This guide is not applicable for factory-fabricated panels due to a different set of identifications for the panel by the fabricator. For fabricated geomembrane panels, refer to Guide D7865.1.4 This guide is not intended for geosynthetic clay liners. For GCLs, refer to Guide D5888.1.5 This guide is also applicable to geosynthetic samples.1.6 Each type of geosynthetic is listed by section to address specific requirements.  Geotextiles – Section 5  Geogrids – Section 6  Geomembrane Rolls – Section 7  Geonets – Section 8  Geocomposites – Section 9  Rolled Erosion Control Products – Section 10  Sediment Retention Devices – Section 111.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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These test methods are a generally reliable means of identifying the generic types of fibers present in a sample of textile material of unknown composition. The methods are generally not useful for distinguishing fibers of the same generic class from different manufacturers or for distinguishing different fiber types of the same generic class from one producer. Many fibers are chemically modified by their producers in various ways so as to alter their properties. It is possible for such modifications to interfere seriously with the analyses used in these test methods. Considerable experience and diligence of the analyst may be necessary to resolve satisfactorily these difficulties. Dyes, lubricants, and delustrants are not present normally in amounts large enough to interfere with the analyses. These test methods are not recommended for acceptance testing of commercial shipments because of the qualitative nature of the results and because of the limitations previously noted. Note 2—For statements on precision and bias of the standard quantitative test methods for determining physical properties for confirmation of fiber identification refer to the cited test method. The precision and bias of the nonstandard quantitative test methods described are strongly influenced by the skill of the operator. The limited use of the test methods for qualitative identification cannot justify the effort that would be necessary to determine the precision and bias of the techniques. 5.5 Qualitative and quantitative fiber identification is actively pursued by Committee RA24 (Fiber Identification) of AATCC and presented in AATCC Test Method 20 and Test Method 20A. Since precision and bias development is also part of the AATCC test methods, both AATCC and ASTM D13 have agreed that new development will take place in RA24. However, because there is valuable information still present in the ASTM standards, Test Methods D276 and D629 will be maintained as active standards by ASTM.1.1 These test methods cover the identification of the following textile fibers used commercially in the United States: Acetate (secondary)Nylon Acrylic Nytril Anidex Olefin Aramid Polycarbonate AsbestosPolyester Cotton Ramie Cuprammonium rayonRayon (viscose) Flax Saran FluorocarbonSilk Glass Spandex Hemp Triacetate Jute Vinal LycocellVinyon ModacrylicWool Novoloid 1.2 Man-made fibers are listed in 1.1 under the generic names approved by the Federal Trade Commission and listed in Terminology D123, Annex A1 (except for fluorocarbon and polycarbonate). Many of the generic classes of man-made fibers are produced by several manufacturers and sold under various trademark names as follows (Note 1): Acetate Acele®, Aviscon®, Celanese®, Chromspun®, Estron® Acrylic Acrilan®, Courtelle®, Creslan®, Dralon®, Orlon®, Zefran® Anidex Anim/8® Aramid Kevlar®, Nomex®, Technora®, TeijinConex®, Twaron® CuprammoniumBemberg® FluorocarbonTeflon® Glass Fiberglas®, Garan®, Modiglass®, PPG®, Ultrastrand® Lyocell Tencel® ModacrylicDynel®, Kanecaron®, Monsanto SEF®, Verel® NovoloidKynol® Polyamide (Nylon) 6Caprolan®,Enka®, Perlon®, Zefran®, Enkalon® Polyamide (Nylon) 6, 6Antron®, Blue C®, Cantrece®, Celanese Phillips®, Enka®Nylon Polyamide (Nylon) (other)Rilsan®(nylon 11), Qiana®, StanylEnka®,(Nylon 4,6) Nytril Darvan® Olefin Durel®, Herculon®, Marvess®, Polycrest® PolyesterAvlin®, Beaunit®, Blue C®, Dacron®, Encron®, Fortrel®, Kodel®, Quintess®, Spectran®, Trevira®, Vyoron®, Zephran®, Diolen®, Vectran® Rayon Avril®, Avisco®, Dynacor®, Enka®, Fiber 700®, Fibro®, Nupron®, Rayflex®, Suprenka®, Tyrex®, Tyron®, Cordenka® Saran Enjay®, Saran® Spandex Glospun®, Lycra®, Numa®, Unel® TriacetateArnel® Vinyon Avisco®, Clevyl®, Rhovyl®, Thermovyl®, Volpex® Note 1—The list of trademarks in 1.2 contains only examples and does not include all brands produced in the United States or abroad and imported for sale in the United States. The list does not include examples of fibers from two (or more) generic classes of polymers spun into a single filament. Additional information on fiber types and trademarks is given in Refs (1, 2, and 3). 1.3 Most manufacturers offer a variety of fiber types of a specific generic class. Differences in tenacity, linear density, bulkiness, or the presence of inert delustrants normally do not interfere with analytic tests, but chemical modifications (for such purposes as increased dyeability with certain dyestuffs) may affect the infrared spectra and some of the physical properties, particularly the melting point. Many generic classes of fibers are sold with a variety of cross-section shapes designed for specific purposes. These differences will be evident upon microscopical examination of the fiber and may interfere with the measurements of refractive indices and birefringence. 1.4 Microscopical examination is indispensable for positive identification of the several types of cellulosic and animal fibers, because the infrared spectra and solubilities will not distinguish between species. Procedures for microscopic identification are published in AATCC Method 20 and in References (4-12). 1.5 Analyses by infrared spectroscopy and solubility relationships are the preferred methods for identifying man-made fibers. The analysis scheme based on solubility is very reliable. The infrared technique is a useful adjunct to the solubility test method. The other methods, especially microscopical examination are generally not suitable for positive identification of most man-made fibers and are useful primarily to support solubility and infrared spectra identifications. 1.6 These test methods include the following sections: Section 1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Methods4 5 Sampling, Selection, Preparation and Number of Specimens6 Reference Standards7 Purity of Reagents8 Fiber Identification by Microscopic Examination9,10 Solubility Relationships11-16 Infrared Spectroscopy17-23 Physical Properties to Confirm Identification Density24-27 Melting Point28-33 Birefringence by Difference of 34 and 35 Refractive Indices 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Note 3.

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4.1 This guide is intended to direct the user to the appropriate existing standards and literature in order for the user to become knowledgeable of the operations that need to be done to effectively compare, detect and identify the odors of paints, inks, and related materials.4.2 This guide directs the user to specific standards and literature sources that allow the user to accomplish the primary steps to complete the following task:(1) Comparing products for their odor characteristics,(2) Determining the perception threshold of odors,(3) Isolating and identifying the chemical nature of the odor, and(4) Confirming the results.1.1 This guide is intended to provide direction in order to assist the producers and users of paints, inks, and related coatings, and others who may also be exposed, to detect, compare and identify the odors that may originate from these materials.1.2 This guide is intended to provide references for establishing guidelines to assist in identifying and verifying the sources of odors and other related issues. Further information may be found in DS-48A (1).21.3 This guide is intended to assist in establishing guidelines as follows:(1) Comparing products for their odor characteristics,(2) Determining the perception threshold of odors,(3) Isolating and identifying the chemical nature of the odor, and(4) Confirming the results.1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Equipment and procedures described in this guide are comparative methods and are intended for identification or segregation, or both, of pieces or lots of metals that were mixed or lost their identity during certain manufacturing operations. It is presumed that all pieces or lots of metal have been previously checked and did meet applicable specifications.4.2 The equipment and procedures described in this guide may also be suitable for identifying or segregating, or both, scrap metals.1.1 This guide covers the identification or segregation, or both, of mixed metal lots under plant conditions using trained plant personnel.1.2 The identification is not intended to have the accuracy and reliability of procedures performed in a laboratory using laboratory equipment under optimum conditions, and performed by trained chemists or technicians. The identification is not intended to establish whether a given piece or lot of metal meets specifications.1.3 Segregation of certain metal combinations is not always possible with procedures provided in this guide and can be subject to errors.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide describes the types of information that are indispensable for uniquely identifying a metal or alloy in a computerized database. The purpose is to facilitate standardized storage and retrieval of the information with a computer, and allow meaningful comparison of data from different sources. 4.2 Many numbering systems for metals and alloys have been developed which are based on their chemical compositions. Separate systems have also evolved to describe the thermomechanical condition of metals and alloys in order to narrow their description. It is the separation into logical data elements from these complex, historically significant, and overlapping systems of identification that is the challenge in the identification of metals and alloys within computerized databases. 4.3 This guide is intended to provide a common starting point for designers and builders of materials property databases. This guide generally identifies the contents of the database in terms of data elements, but does not recommend any particular logical or physical database design. A database builder has considerable flexibility in designing a database schema, and it is intended that this guide support that flexibility. 4.4 It is recognized that material property databases will be designed for different levels of material information and for different purposes. For example, a database developed by an industry trade group might only identify typical properties generally representative of those for a particular metal or alloy, and not actual values measured on a specific sample. On the other hand, a business might desire to manage data on specific lots it procures, or even properties of a specific piece or sample from a lot. Consequently, some of the data elements identified in this guide might not be applicable in every database instance. 4.5 The extent of material identification implemented in a particular database depends on its specific purpose. A single organization may include substantial detail in its database. Less detail may be included in a common database used by several organizations because of commercial and other considerations. Since metals and alloys are diverse and the technologies are always changing, recommendations should not be regarded as exclusive of additional data elements for material identification. The recommended data elements should be expanded if additional detailed information which serves to identify materials is to be recorded. 4.6 A number of data elements are considered essential to any database and need to exist in the database. Data elements are considered essential if they are required for users to have sufficient information to interpret the data and be confident of their ability to compare sets of data for materials from different sources. Failure to complete an essential data element may render the record unusable in a database or in data exchange. Essential refers to the quality or completeness of recorded data, and does not necessarily have direct meaning relative to database structure. In some cases, the identified data element might be accommodated within a particular database without explicitly including a field just for the essential data element. Additionally, a database schema may require additional data fields to be not null to maintain data record integrity or to implement a mandatory data relationship. These additional fields are beyond the scope of this guide. Finally, it is also noted that a data element identified as essential in this guide might not be relevant for a database created for a specific application of limited scope. 4.7 This guide presents a listing of the data elements and does not intend to define any single organization of the data elements to be used in either a logical or physical model for the database. The data element lists are divided by group headings for discussion purposes only. The group headings are not intended to identify normalization of the database model; this is left to the database designer. 4.8 Numerous data elements listed in this guide may need to be repeated to identify even a single material. Depending on the database purpose or design, it may be appropriate to design the database to enable additional repeatable data elements. How the database should accommodate multiple values for a given data element is another question left to the database designer. 1.1 This guide covers the identification of metals and alloys in computerized material property databases. It establishes essential and desirable data elements that serve to uniquely identify and describe a particular metal or alloy sample as well as properties that identify a given metal or alloy in general. 1.1.1 This guide does not necessarily provide sufficient data elements to describe weld metal, metal matrix composites, or joined metals. 1.1.2 The data element identified herein are not all germane to every metal or alloy group. 1.1.3 Different sets of data elements may also be applied within a given metal or alloy group depending on conditions or applications specific to that metal or alloy group. Further, within a particular metal or alloy group, different sets of data elements may be used to identify specific material conditions. 1.1.4 Table 1 on Recommended Data Elements and Tables 2-17 on values for specific data elements appear at the end of this guide. 1.2 Some of the data elements in this guide may be useful for other purposes. However, this guide does not attempt to document the essential and desirable data element for any purpose except for the identification of metals and alloys in computerized material property databases. Other purposes, such as material production, material procurement, and material processing, each may have different material data reporting requirements distinct from those covered in this guide. A specific example is the contractually required report for a material property testing series. Such a report may not contain all the data elements considered essential for a specific computerized database; conversely, this guide may not contain all the data elements considered essential for a contracted test report. 1.3 Results from material tests conducted as part of the procurement process are often used to determine adherence to a specification. While this guide includes a number of test result data elements, such data elements are included in this guide only for the purposes of material identification. 1.4 Reporting of contracted test results, such as certification test results, shall follow the requirements described in the material specification, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer. 1.5 This guide contains a limited number of data elements related to material test results. These data elements are for material identification purposes and are not intended to replace the more detailed sets of data elements listed in guides such as Guide E1313 covering data recording formats for mechanical testing of metals. For material identification purposes, the data elements in this guide include typical, nominal, or summary properties normally derived from a population of individual specimen tests. If warranted by the scope of a particular database system, the system might provide links between the material identification data elements given in this guide, and the individual specimen test results recorded in accordance with other guides corresponding to particular test methods. 1.6 Material Classes—See ANSI/AWS A9.1-92 for arc welds, Guide E527 for Metal and Alloys in the Unified Numbering System (UNS), Guide E1308 for polymers, Guide E1309 for composite material, and Guide E1471 for fibers, fillers, and core materials. 1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The choice of pigments and extenders influences the appearance, durability, cost, and other properties of paint. This test method is a convenient way, and probably the most reliable, to identify pigments in paint.1.1 This test method covers the identification of crystalline pigments and extenders in liquid paint and dry paint film. It is applicable to both water-reducible and solvent-reducible paint. It also may be used to identify pigment and extender in grind paste or alone as dry powder. It is not applicable to amorphous components such as carbon black, amorphous silica, or highly processed clay.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides for analysis of Pb in applied paint using measurement times on the order of several minutes. It can be used to determine whether the sample of applied paint has an areal mass of Pb either substantially less than a specification limit, and therefore does not exceed it, or substantially above the specified limit, and therefore exceeds it.5.2 If the value obtained with this test method falls close to a specification limit, a more precise test method may be required to positively determine whether Pb content does or does not exceed the specified limit.1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) procedure for determining the areal mass of Pb in mass per unit area in paint and similar coatings on common substrates of toys and consumer products, such as plastic, wood, steel, aluminum, zinc alloys or fabric.1.2 This test method is applicable for homogeneous, single layer paint or similar coatings. The method does not apply to metallic coatings.1.3 This test method is applicable for a range of Pb mass per unit area from 0.36 μg/cm2 to approximately 10 μg/cm2 for Pb in paint and similar coatings applied on common substrates. The lower limit of this test method is between 0.36 and 0.75 μg/cm2 depending on the nature of the substrate. Based on the results obtained during the interlaboratory study (ASTM Report F40-1004), it is estimated that the applicable range of this method can be extended up to 50 μg/cm2.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Data at groundwater sites are gathered for many purposes, each of which generally requires a specific set of data elements. For example, when groundwater quality is a concern, not only are the minimum set of data elements required for the site, but information concerning the sample collection depth interval, method of collection, and date and time of collection are needed to fully qualify the data. Another group of elements are recommended for each use of the data, such as aquifer characteristics or water-level records. Normally the more information that is gathered about a site by field personnel, the easier it is to understand the groundwater conditions and to reach valid conclusions and interpretations regarding the site. The data elements listed in this guide and Guides D5409 and D5410 should assist in planning what information can be gathered for a groundwater site and how to document these data. Note 6—Some important data elements may change during the existence of a site. For example, the elevation of the measuring point used for the measurement of water levels may be modified because of repair or replacement of equipment. This frequently occurs when the measuring point is an opening in the pump and the pump is modified or replaced. Because changes cannot always be anticipated, it is preferable to reference the height of the measuring point to a nearby, permanent altitude datum. The measuring point is referenced by being the same altitude (zero correction) or above (negative correction) or below (plus correction) the altitude datum. All appropriate measurements should be corrected in reference to the altitude datum before entry into the permanent record. Care must be exercised to keep the relationship of these data elements consistent throughout the duration of the site. Some data elements have an extensive list of components. For example, the aquifer identification list described in Guide D5409, has over 5000 components. Lengthy lists of possible components are not included in this guide, however, information on where to obtain these components is included with the specific data element. Note 7—This guide identifies many sources, lists, etc., of information required to completely document information about any groundwater site.1.1 This guide covers Part One of three guides to be used in conjunction with Practice D5254 that delineates the data desirable to describe a groundwater data collection or sampling site. This guide describes additional information beyond the minimum set of data elements that may be needed to identify a groundwater site. Part Two identifies physical descriptors, such as construction, for a site, while Part Three identifies usage descriptors, such as monitoring, for an individual groundwater site. Note 1—A groundwater site is defined as any source, location, or sampling station capable of producing water or hydrologic data from a natural stratum from below the surface of the earth. A source or facility can include a well, spring or seep, and drain or tunnel (nearly horizontal in orientation). Other sources, such as excavations, driven devices, bore holes, ponds, lakes, and sinkholes, that can be shown to be hydraulically connected to the groundwater, are appropriate for the use intended. Note 2—Part Two (Guide D5409) includes individual site characteristic descriptors (7 data elements), construction descriptors (56 data elements), lift descriptors (16 data elements), geologic descriptors (26 data elements), hydraulic descriptors (20 data elements), and spring descriptors (11 data elements). Part Three (Guide D5410) includes monitoring descriptors (77 data elements), irrigation descriptors (4 data elements), waste site descriptors (9 data elements), and decommissioning descriptors (8 data elements). For a list of descriptors in this guide, see Section 4. 1.2 These data elements are described in terms used by groundwater hydrologists. Standard references, such as the Glossary of Geology and various hydrogeologic professional publications, are used to determine these definitions. Many of the suggested elements and their representative codes are those established by the Water Resources Division of the U.S. Geological Survey and used in the National Water Information Systems computerized data base (1-9). Note 3—The purpose of this guide is to suggest data elements that can be collected for groundwater sites. This does not uniquely imply a computer data base, but rather data elements for entry into any type of permanent file. Note 4—Component and code lists given with some of the data elements, for example “Format of Other Data,” are only suggestions. These lists can be modified, expanded, or reduced for the purpose intended by the company or agency maintaining the groundwater data file. Note 5—Use of trade names in this guide is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by ASTM. 1.3 This guide includes the data elements desirable to identify a groundwater site beyond those given in the “Minimum Set of Data Elements.” Some examples of the data elements are map identification, permitting facts, and supporting information. No single site will need every data element, for example, many groundwater sites do not need the data elements described in the legal record group. Each record (group of related data elements) for a site has mandatory data elements, such as the date for the ownership record. However, these elements are considered necessary only when that specific record is gathered for the site. 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This guide offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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1.1 This specification provides system designers, manufacturers, integrators, procurement personnel, end users, practitioners, and other responsible authorities with a common set of criteria to match field screening device capabilities with user requirements for specific applications.1.2 This specification describes the required test sample compositions and amounts, and provides a statistically-based testing approach for evaluating FSD performance for the detection of biological agents as described in Test Method E3395. This specification does not address the estimation of limit of detection.1.3 Units: 1.3.1 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard in this specification.1.3.2 When creating test sample mixtures, all concentrations are stated as copies/mL or genome equivalents/mL (GE/mL).1.4 Operational Concepts: 1.4.1 FSDs used for identifying potentially dangerous biological agents play an important role in the decision-making processes intended to protect responders and the general public. Suitable FSDs require low rates of false positives and false negatives. FSDs are used for surveillance and sample screening, and they are a particularly important tool in responding to incidents where a sample suspected of containing a biological agent is found. FSDs must be rugged enough to withstand storage and operating conditions that include, but are not limited to, temperature and humidity extremes, shock and vibration, radio frequency interference, and rapid thermal and humidity changes. This specification does not address testing to characterize operating limits or storage conditions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Manufacturers, purchasers, and end-users will need to determine safety requirements including, but not limited to, use by hazardous material (HAZMAT) teams; use with personal protective equipment (PPE); use by firefighters, law enforcement officers, or the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Urban Search & Rescue (US&R) teams, special electromagnetic compatibility needs, extended usage periods, and extended mission time.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Prompt and accurate identification of harmful biological agents on-scene is crucial to decision making for taking action and responding to incidents involving biological agents.5.2 The detection and identification of a biological agent will inform how responders prepare for on-site activity (for example, selection of PPE and necessary precautionary actions), treat exposures, secure and decontaminate the incident site, and inform follow up actions to be taken after the incident has occurred.5.3 Inclusivity and exclusivity test panels are used to ensure that biological agents targeted by the FSD can be detected (inclusivity) and that biological agents not targeted by the FSD are not detected (exclusivity). The environmental test panel is used to determine if there are potential interferences that could result in a false negative result when spiked whole biological agent is present.1.1 General: 1.1.1 This test method provides a procedure for characterizing the performance of nucleic acid-based field screening devices (FSDs) for the detection and identification of biological agents, when utilizing the test samples and statistical considerations described in Specification E3394.1.1.2 This test method describes sample preparation and analysis protocols to use when characterizing the performance of nucleic acid-based field screening devices for the detection and identification of biological agents.1.1.3 The intent of this test method is to provide a methodology to analyze samples in a manner that is analogous to how they are to be analyzed in the field by federal and state/local/tribal/territorial (SLTT) law enforcement and first responders, but under more controlled and reproducible conditions than those generally achievable when conducting field testing. The analysis of testing results as described in this test method and in Specification E3394 allow for a systematic way of measuring the statistical performance of FSDs.1.2 Units: 1.2.1 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard in this document.1.2.2 When creating test sample mixtures, all concentrations are stated as copies/mL or genome equivalents/mL (GE/mL).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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