4.1 This guide defines the information which is considered essential to uniquely describe a fiber, filler, or core material in a computerized database. A format is recommended for placing these data in fields suitable for a computerized database. Additional fields which are considered desirable, but not essential, are also defined. The purpose is to facilitate efficient storage and retrieval of the information with a computer and to allow meaningful comparison of data from different sources.4.2 Comparison of property data from different sources will be most meaningful if all the essential information defined by the guidelines is present. Comparison may still be possible if essential information is omitted, but the value of the comparison may be greatly reduced.4.3 While at this time there is no generally accepted numbering system for these materials, analogous to those for metals and alloys, a field for an identifying number (Material Reference Number) is included should such a system be developed in the future.4.4 This information should not be considered restrictive. For example, a database designer may find it useful to aggregate several fields, such as the material and chemical class fields, into a single field. This may affect search strategies and other database operations. These considerations are beyond the scope of this guide.1.1 This guide establishes the essential and desirable elements of data required for the identification in computerized material property databases of fibers, fillers, and core materials used in composite materials. A recommended format for entry of these fields into a computerized database is provided. Examples of the application of this guide are also included.1.2 The recommended format described in this guide is suggested for use in recording data in a database, which is different from contractural reporting of actual test results. The latter type of information is described in materials specifications shown in business transactions and is subject to agreement between vendor and purchaser.1.3 The materials covered by this guide include fibers, both continuous and discontinuous, and fillers of various geometries which are used as reinforcements in composite materials, as well as core materials used in sandwich composites. Cores may be foam, honeycomb, or naturally occurring materials such as balsa wood. These materials are distinguished from bulk materials by the importance of their specialized geometric forms to their properties. This difference is reflected in the use of geometry, along with chemistry, as a primary basis for classification. Identification of composite materials is discussed in Guide E1309.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 A major concern of metals producers, warehouses, and users is to establish and maintain the identity of metals from melting to their final application. This involves the use of standard quality assurance practices and procedures throughout the various stages of manufacturing and processing, at warehouses and materials receiving, and during fabrication and final installation of the product. These practices typically involve standard chemical analyses and physical tests to meet product acceptance standards, which are slow. Several pieces from a production run are usually destroyed or rendered unusable through mechanical and chemical testing, and the results are used to assess the entire lot using statistical methods. Statistical quality assurance methods are usually effective; however, mixed grades, off-chemistry, and nonstandard physical properties remain the primary causes for claims in the metals industry. A more comprehensive verification of product properties is necessary. Nondestructive means are available to supplement conventional metals grade verification techniques, and to monitor chemical and physical properties at selected production stages, in order to assist in maintaining the identities of metals and their consistency in mechanical properties.4.2 Nondestructive methods have the potential for monitoring grade during production on a continuous or statistical basis, for monitoring properties such as hardness and case depth, and for verifying the effectiveness of heat treatment, cold-working, and the like. They are quite often used in the field for solving problems involving off-grade and mixed-grade materials.4.3 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide both direct and indirect responses to the sample being evaluated. Spectrometric analysis instruments respond to the presence and percents of alloying constituents. The electromagnetic (eddy current) and thermoelectric methods, on the other hand, are among those that respond to properties in the sample that are affected by chemistry and processing, and they yield indirect information on composition and mechanical properties. In this guide, the spectrometric methods are classified as quantitative, whereas the methods that yield indirect readings are termed qualitative.4.4 This guide describes a variety of qualitative and quantitative methods. It summarizes the operating principles of each method, provides guidance on where and how each may be applied, gives (when applicable) the precision and bias that may be expected, and assists the investigator in selecting the best candidates for specific grade verification or sorting problems.4.5 For the purposes of this guide, the term “nondestructive” includes techniques that may require the removal of small amounts of metal during the examination, without affecting the serviceability of the product.4.6 The nondestructive methods covered in this guide provide quantitative and qualitative information on metals properties; they are listed as follows:4.6.1 Quantitative: 4.6.1.1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and4.6.1.2 Optical emission spectrometry.4.6.2 Qualitative: 4.6.2.1 Electromagnetic (eddy current),4.6.2.2 Conductivity/resistivity,4.6.2.3 Thermoelectric,4.6.2.4 Chemical spot tests,4.6.2.5 Triboelectric, and4.6.2.6 Spark testing (special case).1.1 This guide is intended for tutorial purposes only. It describes the general requirements, methods, and procedures for the nondestructive identification and sorting of metals.1.2 It provides guidelines for the selection and use of methods suited to the requirements of particular metals sorting or identification problems.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 10.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a procedure for determining the appropriate attributes to evaluate in a shelf-life study for an endovascular device.1.1 This guide addresses the determination of appropriate device attributes for testing as part of a shelf-life study for endovascular devices. Combination and biodegradable devices (for example, drug devices, biologic devices, or drug biologics) may require additional considerations, depending on their nature.1.2 This guide does not directly provide any test methods for conducting shelf-life testing.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The microstructure of a cemented carbide affects the material's mechanical and physical properties. This guide is not intended to be used as a specification for carbide grades. Producers and users may use the microstructural information as a guide in developing their own specifications.1.1 This guide covers apparatus and procedures for the metallographic identification of microstructures in cemented carbides.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Precautions applying to use of hazardous laboratory chemicals should be observed for chemicals specified in Table 1.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in homogeneous polymeric materials. The test method may be used to ascertain the conformance of the product under test to manufacturing specifications. Typical time for a measurement is 5 to 10 min per specimen, depending on the specimen matrix and the capabilities of the EDXRF spectrometer.1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometric procedure for identification and quantification of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.1.2 This test method is not applicable to determine total concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) or hexavalent chromium. This test method cannot be used to determine the valence states of atoms or ions.1.3 This test method is applicable for a range from 20 mg/kg to approximately 1 wt % for chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This test method is not applicable to quantitative determinations for specimens with one or more surface coatings present on the analyzed surface; however, qualitative information may be obtained. In addition, specimens less than infinitely thick for the measured X rays, must not be coated on the reverse side or mounted on a substrate.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

AbstractThese practices cover a data system comprising procedures for the identification of individual chemical substances using infrared absorption spectroscopy and band indexes of spectral data. Although this data system is in use world wide as the largest publicly available data base, it does not represent the optimum way to generate a new data base with the most modern computerized equipment. In addition, the use of these practices requires encoded data and appropriate data handling equipment. The index data, which are available on magnetic tape, include codes for spectral data of chemical substances, chemical-structure classification, empirical formula, melting or boiling point, and serial number reference. Codes on sample state, wavelength intervals of strongest bands, and no-data areas are included as well.1.1 These practices cover a data system generated from 1955 through 1974. It is in world-wide use as the largest publicly available data base. It is recognized that it does not represent the optimum way to generate a new data base with the most modern computerized equipment.1.2 These practices describe procedures for identification of individual chemical substances using infrared absorption spectroscopy and band indexes of spectral data. Use of absorption spectroscopy for qualitative analysis has been described by many (), but the rapid matching of the spectrogram of a sample with a spectral data in the literature by use of a band index system designed for machine sorting was contributed by Kuentzel (). It is on Kuentzel's system that the ASTM indexes of absorption spectral data are based.1.3 Use of these practices requires, in addition to a recording spectrometer and access to published reference spectra, the encoded data and suitable data handling equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This guide is intended for use in a biotechnology laboratory when the need arises to identify a preparation containing M13 bacteriophage or DNA.1.1 This guide covers the identification of bacteriophage M13 used in biotechnology.1.2 There are many variants of M13 that have been developed specifically for cloning technology. These variants have foreign DNA inserted into the M13 genome, causing the M13 to differ in size and genotype.1.3 If the M13 is to be used to construct a recombinant molecule, then the criteria described in Section 6 should be used to characterize the newly made DNA.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

3.1 This specification can be referred to in contract documents as a method and workmanship standard. See also related Specification C542, Specification C716, Terminology C717, and Guide C964.AbstractThis specification covers the packaging, identification and marking, shipment, and storage of lock-strip gaskets, and gasket assemblies and components that are used in building walls.1.1 This specification covers the packaging, identification, shipment, and storage of lock-strip gaskets and components that comply with Specification C542 and that are used in building walls that are not more than 15° from a vertical plane.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This practice establishes the requirements for physical item identification marking of aluminum and magnesium products. Package marking for shipment and inspection acceptance is not within the scope of this standard. Wrought aluminum and magnesium mill products shall be marked for identification purposes only with the following information on the product or on tags attached to the product: (1) name or registered trademark of the company, (2) alloy and temper of the product, (3) basic number of the specification to which the product was produced, (4) specified (ordered) dimensions of the following products: sheet and plate, coiled wire and spooled wire, straight length tube and coiled tube, and pipe, (5) lot number, and (6) the word "seamless" on certain tube or pipe. Spot marking requirements for the following wrought aluminum and magnesium mill products are detailed and illustrated: (1) coiled sheet, (2) flat sheet and plate, (3) circles, (4) tread plate, (5) foil, (6) rod, bar, and extruded profiles, (7) structural profiles, (8) tube and pipe, (9) wire, (10) bus bar, and (11) forgings such as hand and die forgings. Requirements for marking cast aluminum and magnesium products (castings, remelt ingot for castings, and ingot or billet for fabricating), unalloyed aluminum and magnesium ingot, and special products are specified.1.1 This practice establishes the physical item marking requirements for identification purposes for aluminum and magnesium products. Package marking for shipment and inspection acceptance is not within the scope of this standard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 The options available in methods for the measurement of color or color-difference are many. These involve choices in: (1) specimens, (2) geometric and spectral properties of instruments, (3) calibration bases for standards used, (4) procedure for sample handling including conditioning, (5) procedure for taking data, and (6) equations for converting instrumental data to final results. Once the measurements have been made, it is essential to document what has been done for the purpose of interlaboratory comparisons, or for future use. A sample form is provided in Fig. 1 to record identifying information applicable to any instrumental method of color or color-difference measurement.4.2 Refer to Guide E179, Practices E991, E1164, E1345, E1708, E1767, E2152, and E2194 and Test Methods D5386, D6166, E1247, E1331, E1347, E1348, and E1349, for specific details of measurements.1.1 This practice covers the documentation of instrumental measurement of color or color difference for current communication or for future reference. The practice is applicable to instrumental measurements of materials where color is seen by reflected, transmitted or emitted light and any combinations of one or more of these processes. The practice is recommended for documentation of methodology in interlaboratory color-measurement programs.1.2 Providing an adequate identification of an instrumental measure of color or color-difference involves documenting the metadata necessary for archiving and future use of the measurement data collected. The metadata can be divided in five parts:1.2.1 Nature and source of available samples and the form of specimens actually measured,1.2.2 Instrumental conditions of measurement, including instrument geometrical and spectral conditions of measurement,1.2.3 Standards used,1.2.4 Data acquisition procedure, and1.2.5 Color scales employed.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 These are minimum requirements applicable to the identification of seized drugs.4.1.1 As these are minimum requirements, it should be recognized that they may not be sufficient for the identification of all drugs in all circumstances. Within these requirements, it is the responsibility of the individual laboratory’s management to determine which combination of analytical techniques best satisfies the requirements of its jurisdiction.44.2 Correct identification of a drug or chemical depends on the competence of the analyst and the use of an analytical scheme that incorporates validated methods (see Practice E2549). It is expected that in the absence of unforeseen error, an appropriate analytical scheme effectively results in reliable and scientifically supported identifications5 (see Practice E2764).4.3 This practice requires the laboratory’s analytical scheme to incorporate techniques that operate on significantly different principles. It does not discourage the use of any particular method within an analytical scheme. Actual practices followed by a particular laboratory may depend upon jurisdictional requirements.1.1 This practice describes minimum criteria for the qualitative analysis (identification) of seized drugs.1.2 Listed are a number of analytical techniques for the identification of seized drugs. These techniques are grouped on the basis of their discriminating power. Analytical schemes based on these groupings are described.1.3 Additional information is found in Guides E1968, E1969, E2125, and E2548 and Practices E2326, E2327, E2549, and E2764.1.4 This standard should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment, and cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 There is no consistent method for the physical placement of an identifying label on equipment in the possession of an entity.5.2 This practice is intended to expedite and improve the physical inventory and self-assessment processes and other occasions in which the instant identification of equipment is needed for purposes of control, management, or determining ownership, or a combination thereof.5.3 The further intent of this practice is to reduce the administrative costs associated with activities requiring equipment identification, that is, physical inventory, self-assessments, and audits and to supplement Practice E2279, Practice E2452, and MIL STD 130.1.1 This practice is for supplemental identification labels assigned by an entity and affixed to equipment to permit control.1.2 Identifying labels include, but are not limited to, removable tags, bands, and plates.1.3 This practice is not intended for material or manufacturer’s warranties.1.4 This practice is not intended for markings of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs).1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 This practice covers the rapid identification of nonmetallic, fibrous contaminants by the microscopical examination of their morphology. The procedure is intended either to provide tentative identification or to serve as a supporting test in confirming the identity of suspected fibrous contaminants. 1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This practice is useful for detecting and identifying (or determining the absence of) 90 chemicals with relatively high fluorescence yields (see Table 1). Most commonly, this practice will be useful for distinguishing single fluorescent chemicals in solution, simple mixtures or single fluorescing chemicals in the presence of other nonfluorescing chemicals. Chemicals with high fluorescence yields tend to have aromatic rings, some heterocyclic rings or extended conjugated double-bond systems. Typical chemicals included on this list include aromatics, substituted aromatics such as phenols, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH’s), some pesticides such as DDT, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB’s), some heterocyclics, and some esters, organic acids, and ketones.5.2 With appropriate separatory techniques (HPLC, TLC, and column chromatography) and in some cases, special detection techniques (OMA’s and diode arrays), this practice can be used to determine these 90 chemicals even in complex mixtures containing a number of other fluorescing chemicals. With the use of appropriate excitation and emission wavelengths and prior generation of calibration curves, this practice could be used for quantitation of these chemicals over a broad linear range.5.3 Fluorescence is appropriately a trace technique and at higher concentrations (greater than 10 to 100 ppm) spectral distortions usually due to self-absorption, or inner-filter effects but sometimes ascribed to fluorescence quenching, may be observed. These effects can usually be eliminated by diluting the solution. Detection limits can be lowered following identification by using broader slit widths, but this may result in spectral broadening and distortion.5.4 This practice assumes the use of a corrected spectrofluorometer (that is, one capable of producing corrected fluorescence spectra). On an uncorrected instrument, peak shifts and spectral distortions and changes in peak ratios may be noted. An uncorrected spectrofluorometer can also be used if appropriate data is generated on the instrument to be used.1.1 This practice allows for the identification of 90 chemicals that may be found in water or in surface layers on water. This practice is based on the use of room-temperature fluorescence spectra taken from lists developed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Coast Guard (1). Ref (1) is the primary source for these spectra. This practice is also based on the assumption that such chemicals are either present in aqueous solution or are extracted from water into an appropriate solvent.21.2 Although many organic chemicals containing aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, or extended conjugated double-bond systems have appreciable quantum yields of fluorescence, this practice is designed only for the specific compounds listed. If present in complex mixtures, preseparation by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), column chromatography, or thin-layer chromatography (TLC) would probably be required.1.3 If used with HPLC, this practice could be used for the identification of fluorescence spectra generated by optical multichannel analyzers (OMA) or diode-array detectors.1.4 For simple mixtures, or in the presence of other nonfluorescing chemicals, separatory techniques might not be required. The excitation and emission maximum wavelengths listed in this practice could be used with standard fluorescence techniques (see Refs (2-6)) to quantitate these ninety chemicals once identification had been established. For such uses, generation of a calibration curve, to determine the linear range for use of fluorescence quantitation would be required for each chemical. Examination of solvent blanks to subtract or eliminate any fluorescence background would probably be required.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

1.1 This test method identifies a cationic slow-setting (CSS) grade of emulsified asphalts if the results of the particle charge test are inconclusive. 1.2 The values stated in either SI or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元