5.1 This practice is primarily used in the horticulture industry to separates peat material into arbitrary fractions based on particle size. Physical separation of peat material according to particle size provides a useful indicator of the properties of a peat specimen such as pore space and degree of decomposition for unprocessed peat. It also provides a means of determining the amount of foreign matter not in a divided state such as sticks, stones, and glass.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Peat materials consist of particles with various sizes. This practice covers the separation of peat particles into coarse, medium, and fine size fractions using the 2.36 mm (No. 8) and 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieves equipped with cover and bottom pan. This practice is applicable for peat materials used in the horticultural industry and can be used to verify the degree of decomposition of peat and to determine the foreign matter content.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.1.2 The test method can also be applicable to blends of diesel and biodiesel (B1 through B100), however precision for these samples types has not been evaluated.1.3 The test method is not applicable for analysis of petroleum containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils).1.4 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillation such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160, especially the initial and final boiling points.1.5 This test method uses the principles of simulated distillation methodology. See Test Methods D2887, D6352, and D7213.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Table 1 and Table 2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should, in turn, reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing (also refer to ISO 3635 Size Designation Procedures).4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the young men sizes were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in this standard to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in Table 1 and Table 2. (See Figs. 1-6.)FIG. 1 Form Front View 32-38FIG. 2 Form Front View 39-48FIG. 3 Form Side View 32-38FIG. 4 Form Side View 39-48FIG. 5 Form Back View 32-38FIG. 6 Form Back View 39-481.1 These tables list body measurements of young men figure type sizes 32-48. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for young men in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type, ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of young men sizing.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It has long been recognized that narrow melting range and high final melting point are good indications of high purity in crystalline organic compounds. Several ASTM test methods use these criteria to assay the purity of organic compounds (Note 1).NOTE 1: Other ASTM test methods using melting (or freezing point) data to indicate sample purity are Test Methods D852 and D6875.5.2 The relatively simple and rapid test prescribed in this test method shows the sample under test to be either more or less pure than the standard sample. For specification purposes, a minimum allowable purity can be assured by setting limits on the differences in final melting points and the melting ranges between the standard sample and the sample under test.1.1 This test method covers the determination, by a capillary tube method, of the initial melting point and the final melting point, which define the melting range, of samples of organic chemicals whose melting points without decomposition fall between 30 °C and 250 °C.1.2 This test method is applicable only to crystalline materials that are sufficiently stable in storage to met the requirements of a satisfactory standard sample as defined in Section 7.1.3 This test method is not directly applicable to opaque materials or to noncrystalline materials such as waxes, fats, and fatty acids.1.4 Review the current Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, handling, and safety precautions.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The determination of the boiling range distribution is an essential requirement in crude oil assay. This information can be used to estimate refinery yields and, along with other information, to evaluate the economics of using one particular crude as opposed to another.Results obtained by this test method are equivalent to those obtained from Test Method D 2892. (See Appendix X1.)This test method is faster than Test Method D 2892 and can be used when only small volumes of samples are available. Also, this test method gives results up to 538°C while Test Method D 2892 is limited to 400°C.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of water-free crude petroleum through 538°C (1000°F). Material boiling above 538°C is reported as residue. This test method is applicable to whole crude samples, that can be solubilized in a solvent to permit sampling by means of a microsyringe.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 7.2, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, and 7.9.

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4.1 This test method provides an accurate and reliable method to measure the total calorific value of a fuel gas, on a continuous basis, which is used for regulatory compliance, custody transfer, and process control.1.1 This test method covers the determination with the continuous recording calorimeter (Note 1) of the total calorific (heating) value of fuel gas produced or sold in the natural gas range from 900 to 1200 Btu/standard ft3.NOTE 1: An extensive investigation of the accuracy of the Cutler-Hammer recording gas calorimeter, when used with gases of high heating value, was made by the National Bureau of Standards in 1957 under a research project sponsored by the American Gas Association.1.2 The subjects covered in this test method appear in the following sections:  SectionsAir-Gas Ratio Test 11Apparatus  5Basis of Measurement 14Cold Balance Test 10Compensation of Complicating Factors 13Condition of Gas Sample  7Definitions  2Installation of Apparatus  6Maintenance Appendix X1Operating Precautions Appendix X2Operation and Checking of Apparatus  9Precision 15  1  4Standardization of Calorimeter 12Standardization, Preliminary, of Calorimeter by Hydrogen  8Summary of Test Method  31.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions provides an insight into the composition of feed stocks and products related to petroleum refining processes (for example, hydrocracking, hydrotreating, visbreaking, or deasphalting). The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.5.2 This test method extends the scope of boiling range determination by gas chromatography to include medium and heavy petroleum distillate fractions beyond the scope of Test Method D2887 (538 °C).5.3 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method have not been analyzed for correlation to those obtained by low efficiency distillation, such as with Test Method D86 or D1160.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum distillate fractions. The test method is applicable to petroleum distillate fractions having an initial boiling point greater than 174 °C (345 °F) and a final boiling point of less than 700 °C (1292 °F) (C10 to C90) at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.1.2 The test method is not applicable for the analysis of petroleum or petroleum products containing low molecular weight components (for example naphthas, reformates, gasolines, crude oils). Materials containing heterogeneous components (for example alcohols, ethers, acids, or esters) or residue are not to be analyzed by this test method. See Test Methods D3710, D2887, or D5307 for possible applicability to analysis of these types of materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only and may be included as parenthetical values.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The energy input rate test is used to confirm that the range top under test is operating at the manufacturer's rated input. This test would also indicate any problems with the electric power supply or gas service pressure.5.2 The heat transfer characteristics of a cooking unit can be simulated by measuring the temperature uniformity of a steel plate.5.3 Idle energy rate and pilot energy consumption can be used by food service operators to estimate energy consumption during non-cooking periods.5.4 The heat-up energy efficiency is a direct measurement of range top efficiency at the full-energy input rate and simmer energy is a measurement of the range top efficiency while maintaining operational temperature. This data can be used by food service operators in the selection of range tops, as well as for the management of a restaurant’s energy demands.NOTE 1: The PG&E Food Service Technology Center has determined that the cooking energy efficiency does not significantly change for different input rates. If precise efficiency calculations are desired at lower input rates, the full-input rate test procedure is valid for all input rates (that is, less than full-input).5.5 Production rate and production capacity can be used to estimate the amount of time required for food preparation and as a measure of range top capacity. This helps the food service operator match a range top to particular food output requirements.1.1 These test methods cover the energy consumption and cooking performance of range tops. The food service operator can use this evaluation to select a range top and understand its energy consumption.1.2 These test methods are applicable to gas and electric range tops including both discreet burners and elements and hot tops.1.3 The range top can be evaluated with respect to the following (where applicable):1.3.1 Energy input rate (see 10.2), and1.3.2 Pilot energy consumption (see 10.3).1.3.3 Heat-up temperature response and temperature uniformity at minimum and maximum control settings (see 10.4),1.3.4 Cooking energy efficiency and production capacity (see 10.5), and1.3.5 Simmer energy consumption rate (optional, see 10.6).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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The determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline by GC distillation provides an insight into the composition of the components from which the gasoline has been blended. This insight also provides essential data necessary to calculate the vapor pressure of gasoline, which has been traditionally determined by Test Method D 323. In addition, the Test Method D 86 distillation curve can be predicted using GCD data. See Annex A1.The GCD method facilitates online controls at the refinery, and its results offer improved means of describing several car performance parameters. These parameters include: (1) car-starting index, (2) vapor-lock index or vapor-liquid ratio, and (3) warm-up index. The car-starting and vapor-lock indexes have been found to be mostly affected by the front end of the Test Method D 86 distillation curve (up to about 200°F (93°C)). The warm-up index is affected by the middle and to a lesser extent by the back end of the Test Method D 86 curve, that is, the temperatures corresponding to the 50 to 90 % off range. Since the boiling range distribution provides fundamental information on composition, an improved expression for the above performance parameters may be worked out, even when the boiling range distribution curve is not smooth. Currently, car performance cannot be assessed accurately under such conditions.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline and gasoline components. This test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions with a final boiling point of 500°F (260°C) or lower as measured by this test method.1.2 This test method is designed to measure the entire boiling range of gasoline and gasoline components with either high or low Reid vapor pressure and is commonly referred to as gas chromatography (GC) distillation (GCD).1.3 This test method has not been validated for gasolines containing oxygenated compounds (for example, alcohols or ethers).1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Note 9 and 7.2.

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4.1 Belt edge separation is a tire condition that can be encountered in tire use, particularly in high tire temperature environments.4.2 The goal of this standard is to define a scientifically valid protocol for the laboratory generation of belt edge separation in a tire that has previously completed accelerated laboratory aging as described in Practice F2838. This test method does not establish performance limits or tolerances for tire specifications.4.3 However, as stated in the scope, some tires may not develop belt edge separations under the specified test conditions. They may develop other EOT conditions that are not due to belt edge separation. Also, some tires may not develop any EOT conditions during the course of the test prior to a DCT.1.1 This standard describes a laboratory method to evaluate tires for their tendency to develop belt edge separation, via the use of a standard roadwheel (Practice F551/F551M). This evaluation is conducted on tires that have undergone accelerated laboratory aging as described in Practice F2838.1.2 The End-of-Test (EOT) conditions that can be produced by this method include target (belt-edge separation), non-target (conditions other than belt-related separations that can be developed in passenger and light truck tires through on-road use), and non-representative (conditions that are typically developed only on laboratory roadwheels). There is also the possibility that no visible EOT conditions may be generated during the course of this test. In this instance the user may choose to select a designated completion time (DCT) as the EOT condition.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in the data log in Appendix X1 in parentheses are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The aromatic hydrocarbon content of aviation turbine fuels is a factor that can affect their density, elastomer compatibility, system durability and exhaust emissions. The aromatic hydrocarbon content and the polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon such as naphthalene content of aviation turbine fuels affect their combustion characteristics and smoke-forming tendencies. These properties are controlled by maximum aromatics and naphthalene content specifications for refined aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D1655) and by both minimum and maximum aromatic content, and maximum naphthalene content, for semi synthetic aviation turbine fuels (see Specification D7566).5.2 The Federal Aviation Administration regulates the aromatic content of aviation fuels, thus requiring an appropriate analytical determination to ensure compliance with the regulations. Producers of aviation fuels will require similar determinations for process and quality control. This test method can be used to make such determinations.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the concentration of total aromatics, and total polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in aviation turbine fuels and other kerosenes by supercritical fluid chromatography within the working range as listed below:Prop. (mass %) Method Working RangeA Valid Test Result RangeBPolyArom 0.3017 to 3.443 0.144 to 3.893Tot Arom 0.2863 to 24.6256 0.004 to 25.3751.2 This test method may also be used for the analyses of jet fuels, such as Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes (SPK) that contain not less than 0.29 % total aromatics by Test Method D2425.1.3 This test method includes correlations to test methods Test Method D1319 for total aromatics and to Test Method D1840 for total naphthalenes content.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values stated in inch-pound units are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The dropping point is useful to assist in identifying the grease as to type and for establishing and maintaining bench marks for quality control. The results are to be considered to have only limited significance with respect to service performance of conventional soap thickeners because dropping point is a static test. Above 200 °C, the dropping point has no correlation with the maximum upper operating temperature of the grease.5.2 Historical cooperative testing4 on conventional soap-thickened greases indicated ( RR:D02-1164) that, in general, dropping points by Test Method D2265 and Test Method D566 were in agreement up to 200 °C. In cases where results differ, there is no known significance. However, agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser as to test method used is advisable.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dropping point of lubricating grease.1.2 Warning—The dropping point as measured by this test is an artificially corrected number that does not have any bearing on the performance of the grease at elevated temperature. The dropping point as defined by this test method may not correlate with a value of the dropping point as determined by Test Method D566 (ISO 2176).1.3  This test method uses mercury thermometers. WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Use caution when handling mercury and mercury-containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. The potential exists that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, is prohibited by local or national law. Users must determine legality of sales in their location. The responsible subcommittee, D02.G0.03, continues to explore alternatives to eventually replace the mercury thermometers.1.4  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Table 1 and Table 2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should in turn reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing. (Also refer to ISO 3635.)4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the missy sizes and sub category curvy and straight on certain measures, were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in this standard to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in the accompanying tables. (Avatar 1-6) See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.FIG. 1 Missy Avatar - CurvyFIG. 2 Missy Avatar - Straight1.1 These tables list body measurements of adult female misses figure Type sizes 00 through 20. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for Missy in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type, ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of Missy sizing.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The ID and DCN values determined by this test method can provide a measure of the ignition characteristics of diesel fuel oil in compression ignition engines.5.2 This test can be used by engine manufacturers, petroleum refiners and marketers, and in commerce as a specification aid to relate or match fuels and engines.5.3 The relationship of diesel fuel oil DCN determinations to the performance of full-scale, variable-speed, variable-load diesel engines is not completely understood.5.4 This test may be applied to non-conventional fuels. It is recognized that the performance of non-conventional fuels in full-scale engines is not completely understood. The user is therefore cautioned to investigate the suitability of ignition characteristic measurements for predicting performance in full-scale engines for these types of fuels.5.5 This test determines ignition characteristics and requires a sample of approximately 220 mL and a test time of approximately 20 min on a fit-for-use instrument.1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of conventional diesel fuel oils, diesel fuel oils containing cetane number improver additives, and is applicable to products typical of Specification D975, Grades No. 1-D and 2-D regular and low-sulfur diesel fuel oils, European standard EN 590, and Canadian standards CAN/CGSB-3.517-2000 and CAN/CGSB 3.6-2000. The test method may also be applied to the quantitative determination of the ignition characteristics of blends of fuel oils containing biodiesel material, and diesel fuel oil blending components.1.2 This test method measures the ignition delay and utilizes a constant volume combustion chamber with direct fuel injection into heated, compressed air. An equation converts an ignition delay determination to a derived cetane number (DCN).1.3 This test method covers the ignition delay range from a minimum value of 35.0 DCN (ignition delay of 4.89 ms) to a maximum value of 59.6 DCN (ignition delay of 2.87 ms). The average DCN result for each sample in the ILS ranged from 37.29 (average ignition delay of 4.5894 ms) to 56.517 (average ignition delay of 3.0281 ms).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers dedicated short range communication (DSRC) physical layer using microwave in the 902 to 928 MHz band, it defines the open systems interconnection (OSI) layer 1, physical layer, for dedicated short-range communications equipment, operating in two-way, half-duplex, active and backscatter modes. The relevant downlink physical layer or OSI layer 1 parameters and the relevant uplink DSCR layer 1 parameters are presented in details. The interface parameters to DSCR data link layer are also presented.1.1 Purposes1.1.1 This specification defines the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) layer 1, physical layer, for dedicated short-range communications (DSRC) equipment, operating in two-way, half-duplex, active and backscatter modes.1.1.2 This specification establishes a common framework for the physical layer in the 902 to 928 MHz LMS band. This band is allocated for DSRC applications by the FCC in Title 47, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 90, Subpart M and by Industry Canada in the Spectrum Management, Radio Standard Specification, Location and Monitoring Service (902-928 MHz), RSS-137.1.1.3 This specification defines an air interface for both wide-area (multi-lane, open road) and lane-based applications that enables accurate and valid message delivery between moving vehicles randomly entering a communications zone and fixed roadside communication equipment. This air interface also enables accurate and valid message delivery between moving or stationary vehicles and fixed or portable roadside communication equipment.1.1.4 This specification does not include associated measurement guidelines for verification of the formulated requirements in this specification. It is intended that readers will be able to refer to the ASTM standard on Technical Characteristics and Test Methods for Data Transmission Equipment Operating in the 902 to 928 MHz LMS Band for the measurement guidelines, when it is developed.1.1.5 This specification does not consider any one specific ITS application, but rather describes a communication means to be used by several ITS applications. This specification also may be used for any non-roadway environment that can utilize this type of dedicated short-range radio communication.1.1.6 While this specification defines frequencies and power levels that are compatible with the North American regulatory requirements, the technical methodology used in their selection can be utilized in other regions of the world.1.2 Equipment1.2.1 The DSRC equipment is composed of two principle components: road-side equipment (RSE) and on-board equipment (OBE) or transponder.1.2.2 The RSE controls the protocol, schedules the activation of the OBE, reads from or writes to the OBE, and assures message delivery and validity. It is intended for, but not restricted to, installation at a fixed location on the roadway.1.2.3 The OBE communicates with the RSE and is intended for, but not restricted to, installation in or on a motor vehicle.1.2.4 The RSE must be capable of communicating with closely spaced OBE in the same lane or closely spaced OBE in adjacent lanes.1.2.5 This specification provides requirements for the communication medium to be used for exchange of information between RSE and OBE. Active, backscatter, and dual-mode technologies are described.1.3 Structure1.3.1 This specification defines an open (non-proprietary) architecture using the simplified OSI seven-layer reference model (per ISO 7498). The following sub-section describe the relationships of the OSI layers that support DSRC.1.3.1.1 The physical layer (Layer 1) is defined as a half-duplex radio frequency medium, in the 902 to 928 MHz band. Layer 1 interfaces with Layer 2.1.3.1.2 The data link control layer (Layer 2) defines a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) messaging protocol in which both the downlink and uplink are completely controlled by the RSE. The data link control layer provides a mechanism to ensure reliable completion of each transaction in the communications zone. This layer includes data organization, sequence control, flow control, error detection and error recovery among other functions. Layer 2 interfaces with Layer 7.1.3.1.3 The application layer (Layer 7) defines specific functions and message formats to support ITS and other services. Implicit or pre-set message formats may be used. Data encryption, data certification, and manual OBE and RSE authentication may be performed.1.3.1.4 The functions of the network layer (Layer 3), transport layer (Layer 4), session layer (Layer 5), and presentation layer (Layer 6) are included where necessary in Layer 2 or Layer 7.1.3.2 The physical layer communications requirements for the signals sent from the RSE in the OBE are accounted for as downlink parameters. The requirements associated with the signals sent from the OBE to the RSE are accounted for as uplink parameters.1.3.3 Physical layer requirements related to the interface to other DSRC communications layers are accounted for in .1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.

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