4.1 This test method is well suited for measuring the viscosity of glasses in ranges higher than those covered by parallel plate (see Test Method C1351M) and rotational viscometry (see Practice C965) methods. This test method is useful for providing information related to the behavior of glass after it has been formed into an object of commerce and in research and development.1.1 This test method covers the determination of glass viscosity from approximately 108 Pa·s to approximately 1013 Pa·s by measuring the rate of viscous bending of a simply loaded glass beam.2 Due to the thermal history of the glass, the viscosity may not represent conditions of thermal equilibrium at the high end of the measured viscosity range. Measurements carried out over extended periods of time at any temperature or thermal preconditioning will minimize these effects by allowing the glass to approach equilibrium structural conditions. Conversely, the method also may be used in experimental programs that focus on nonequilibrium conditions.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This standard practice establishes a method for conducting accelerated laboratory aging of radial passenger or light truck tires, or both, in an oven.5.2 The goal of this practice is to define a scientifically valid protocol for the accelerated laboratory aging of a tire such that certain of its material properties correlate to those of in-service tires (see Appendix X1). This practice does not establish performance limits or tolerances for tire specifications.1.1 This practice describes a method to laboratory age a new tire in an oven to produce changes in certain chemical and physical properties at the belt edges similar to those of tires in-service (see Appendix X1).1.2 This practice is a precursor to conducting an ASTM standard roadwheel test method for laboratory generation of belt separation in radial passenger car and light truck tires.1.3 This practice may not produce representative chemical and physical property changes in any part of the tire except the belt edge.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is part of an overall suite of related tests that provide reproducible measures of radio communications for remotely operated robots. It measures the maximum line-of-sight radio communications range between a robot and its remote operator interface using omnidirectional robot maneuvering and visual acuity tasks to evaluate the degradation of essential mission capabilities due to communications latency and loss.5.2 This test method is inexpensive, easy to fabricate, and simple to conduct so it can be replicated widely. This enables comparisons across various testing locations and dates to determine best-in-class system capabilities and remote operator proficiency.5.3 Evaluations—This test method can be conducted in a controlled environment with no radio frequency interference and minimal radio propagation effects to measure baseline capabilities that can be compared widely across robotic systems. It also can be embedded into any operational training scenario as a practical measure of line-of-sight radio communications range with additional degradation due to uncontrolled variables such as radio frequency interference, weather, etc. The results of these scenario tests can be compared across robotic systems only when conducted in the same environment in similar conditions. However, the results cannot be compared reliably to results from other venues or environmental conditions due to the uncontrolled variables.5.4 Procurement—This test method can be used to identify inherent capability trade-offs in systems, make informed purchasing decisions, and verify performance during acceptance testing. This aligns requirement specifications and user expectations with existing capability limits.5.5 Training—This test method can be used to focus operator training as a repeatable practice task or as an embedded task within training scenarios. Operators can learn system behaviors during radio communication degradation and refine techniques to mitigate issues while performing tasks. The resulting measures of remote operator proficiency enable tracking of perishable skills over time, along with comparisons of performance across organizations, regions, or national averages.5.6 Innovation—This test method can be used to inspire technical innovation, demonstrate break-through capabilities, and measure the reliability of systems performing specific tasks within an overall mission sequence. Combining or sequencing multiple tests can guide manufacturers toward implementing the combinations of capabilities necessary to perform essential mission tasks.1.1 This test method is intended for remotely operated ground robots using radio communications to transmit real-time data between a robot and its remote operator interface. This test method measures the maximum line-of-sight radio communications distance at which a robot can maintain omnidirectional steering, speed control, precise stopping, visual acuity, and other functionality. This test method is one of several related radio communication tests that can be used to evaluate overall system capabilities.1.2 A remote operator is in control of all functionality, so an onboard camera and remote operator display are typically required. Assistive features or autonomous behaviors may improve the effectiveness or efficiency of the overall system.1.3 Different user communities can set their own thresholds of acceptable performance within this test method to address various mission requirements.1.4 Performing Location—This test method may be performed anywhere the specified apparatuses and environmental conditions can be implemented.1.5 The International System of Units (a.k.a. SI Units) and U.S. Customary Units (a.k.a. Imperial Units) are used throughout this document. They are not mathematical conversions. Rather, they are approximate equivalents in each system of units to enable the use of readily available materials in different countries. The differences between the stated dimensions in each system of units are insignificant for the purposes of comparing test method results, so each system of units is separately considered standard within this test method.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 A main purpose of using robots in emergency response operations is to enhance the safety and effectiveness of emergency responders operating in hazardous or inaccessible environments. The testing results of the candidate robot shall describe, in a statistically significant way, how reliably the robot is able to perform the specified types of tasks and thus provide emergency responders sufficiently high levels of confidence to determine the applicability of the robot.5.2 This test method addresses robot performance requirements expressed by emergency responders and representatives from other interested organizations. The performance data captured within this test method are indicative of the testing robot’s capabilities. Having available a roster of successfully tested robots with associated capabilities data to guide procurement and deployment decisions for emergency responders is consistent with the guideline of “Governments at all levels have a responsibility to develop detailed, robust, all-hazards response plans” as stated in National Response Framework.5.3 This test method is part of a test suite and is intended to provide a capability baseline for the robotic communications systems based on the identified needs of the emergency response community. Adequate testing performance will not ensure successful operation in all emergency response environments due to possible extreme communications difficulties. Rather, this standard is intended to provide a common comparison that can aid in choosing appropriate systems. This standard is also intended to encourage development of improved and innovative communications systems for use on emergency response robots.5.4 The standard apparatus is specified to be easily fabricated to facilitate self-evaluation by robot developers and provide practice tasks for emergency responders to exercise robot actuators, sensors, and operator interfaces. The standard apparatus can also be used to support operator training to establish operator proficiency.5.5 Although the test method was developed first for emergency response robots, it may be applicable to other operational domains, such as law enforcement and armed services.1.1 Purpose: 1.1.1 The purpose of this test method, as a part of a suite of radio communication test methods, is to quantitatively evaluate a teleoperated robot’s (see Terminology E2521) capability to perform maneuvering and inspection tasks in a non-line-of-sight environment.1.1.2 Robots shall possess a certain set of radio communication capabilities, including performing maneuvering and inspection tasks in a non-line-of-sight environment, to suit critical operations for emergency responses. The capability for a robot to perform these types of tasks in obstructed areas down range is critical for emergency response operations. This test method specifies a standard set of apparatuses, procedures, and metrics to evaluate the robot/operator capabilities for performing these tasks.1.1.3 Emergency response robots shall be able to operate remotely using the equipped radios in line-of-sight environments, in non-line-of-sight environments, and for signal penetration through such impediments as buildings, rubbles, and tunnels. Additional capabilities include operating in the presence of electromagnetic interference and providing link security and data logging. Standard test methods are required to evaluate whether candidate robots meet these requirements.1.1.4 ASTM E54.08.01 Task Group on Robotics specifies a radio communication test suite, which consists of a set of test methods for evaluating these communication capabilities. This non-line-of-sight range test method is a part of the radio communication test suite. The apparatuses associated with the test methods challenge specific robot capabilities in repeatable ways to facilitate comparison of different robot models as well as particular configurations of similar robot models.1.1.5 This test method establishes procedures, apparatuses, and metrics for specifying and testing the capability of radio (wireless) links used between the operator station and the testing robot in a non-line-of-sight environment. These links include the command and control channel(s) and video, audio, and other sensor data telemetry.1.1.6 This test method is intended to apply to ground based robotic systems and small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) capable of hovering to perform maneuvering and inspection tasks down range for emergency response applications.1.1.7 This test method specifies an apparatus that is, first of all, an essentially clear radio frequency channel for testing. In addition, a standard line-of-sight barrier between the testing operator control unit (OCU) and the robot is specified. Fig. 1 provides an illustration.FIG. 1 Test Fabrication at An Air StripLeft: The non-line-of-sight range test method uses an airstrip or flat, paved road with robot test stations placed in front of and behind a wall constructed of stacked 12 m (40 ft) International Standards Organization (ISO) shipping containers. Right: Robot test stations are prototyped behind the wall with targets on the barrels for visual inspection tasks and circular paths for maneuvering tasks.NOTE 1: Frequency coordination and interoperability are not addressed in this standard. These issues should be resolved by the affected agencies (Fire, Police, and Urban Search and Rescue) and written into Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) that guide the responses to emergency situations.1.1.8 The radio communication test suite quantifies elemental radio communication capabilities necessary for robots intended for emergency response applications. As such, based on their particular capability requirements, users of this test suite can select only the applicable test methods and can individually weight particular test methods or particular metrics within a test method. The testing results should collectively represent an emergency response robot’s overall radio communication capability. These test results can be used to guide procurement specifications and acceptance testing for robots intended for emergency response applications.NOTE 2: As robotic systems are more widely applied, emergency responders might identify additional or advanced robotic radio communication capability requirements to help them respond to emergency situations. They might also desire to use robots with higher levels of autonomy, beyond teleoperate onto help reduce their workload—see NIST Special Publication 1011-II-1.0. Further, emergency responders in expanded emergency response domains might also desire to apply robotic technologies to their situations, a source for new sets of requirements. As a result, additional standards within the suite would be developed. This standard is, nevertheless, standalone and complete.1.2 Performing Location—This test method shall be performed in a testing laboratory or the field where the specified apparatus and environmental conditions are implemented.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units shall be the standard. The values given in parentheses are not precise mathematical conversions to inch-pound units. They are close approximate equivalents for the purpose of specifying material dimensions or quantities that are readily available to avoid excessive fabrication costs of test apparatuses while maintaining repeatability and reproducibility of the test method results. These values given in parentheses facilitate testing but are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Tables 1 and 2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should in turn reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing. (Also refer to ISO 3635 Size Designation Procedures.)4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the Misses Petite sizes and sub categories Curvy and Straight on certain measures were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in this standard to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in the accompanying Tables5 (Avatar 1-6) (see Figs. 1 and 2).FIG. 1 Missy Petite Avatar CurvyFIG. 2 Missy Petite Avatar Straight1.1 These tables list body measurements of adult female misses petite figure type sizes 00P through 20P. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for Misses Petite in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type, ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of misses petite sizing.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of petroleum fractions provides an insight into the composition of feedstocks and products related to petroleum refining processes. The gas chromatographic simulation of this determination can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for control of refining operations. This test method can be used for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.5.2 Boiling range distributions obtained by this test method are essentially equivalent to those obtained by true boiling point (TBP) distillation (see Test Method D2892). They are not equivalent to results from low efficiency distillations such as those obtained with Test Method D86 or D1160.5.3 Procedure B was tested with biodiesel mixtures and reports the Boiling Point Distribution of FAME esters of vegetable and animal origin mixed with ultra low sulfur diesel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of petroleum products. The test method is applicable to petroleum products and fractions having a final boiling point of 538 °C (1000 °F) or lower at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method. This test method is limited to samples having a boiling range greater than 55.5 °C (100 °F), and having a vapor pressure sufficiently low to permit sampling at ambient temperature.NOTE 1: Since a boiling range is the difference between two temperatures, only the constant of 1.8 °F/°C is used in the conversion of the temperature range from one system of units to another.1.1.1 Procedure A (Sections 6 – 14)—Allows a larger selection of columns and analysis conditions such as packed and capillary columns as well as a Thermal Conductivity Detector in addition to the Flame Ionization Detector. Analysis times range from 14 min to 60 min.1.1.2 Procedure B (Sections 15 – 23)—Is restricted to only 3 capillary columns and requires no sample dilution. In addition, Procedure B is used not only for the sample types described in Procedure A but also for the analysis of samples containing biodiesel mixtures B5, B10, and B20. The analysis time, when using Procedure B (Accelerated D2887), is reduced to about 8 min.1.2 This test method is not to be used for the analysis of gasoline samples or gasoline components. These types of samples must be analyzed by Test Method D7096.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Table 1 and Table 2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should, in turn, reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing (also refer to ISO 3635 Size Designation Procedures).FIG. 1 Form Front View 2-6 Little KidsFIG. 2 Form Quarter View 2-6 Little KidsFIG. 3 Form Side View 2-6 Little KidsFIG. 4 Form Back View 2-6 Little Kids1.1 These tables list body measurements of little kids’ figure type regular sizes 2-6. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for little kids in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type, ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of little kids regular sizing.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Vinyl chloride-containing polymers are widely used to package a variety of materials, including foods.5.2 Vinyl chloride monomer has been shown to be a human carcinogen. Threshold toxicity value has not been established.5.3 Plastic manufacturers, food packagers, government agencies, etc. have a need to know the residual vinyl chloride monomer content of vinyl chloride-containing polymers.1.1 This test method is suitable for determining the residual vinyl chloride monomer (RVM) content of homopolymer and copolymers of vinyl chloride down to a concentration of ∼5 µg/kg (ppb).1.2 This test method is applicable to any polymer form, such as resin, compound, film, bottle wall, etc. that can be dissolved in a suitable solvent.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9 and Note 10.NOTE 1: This standard is equivalent to ISO 6401.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Tables 1–2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should in turn reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing. (Also refer to ISO 3635 Size Designation Procedures).4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the girls’ sizes on certain measures, were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in this standard to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in the accompanying Tables. (See Figs. 1–4.)1.1 These tables list body measurements of big girl’s figure Type Regular sizes 7 through 20. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for girls in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of big girl’s regular sizing.1.3 The values stated in either acceptable SI units or inch units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Tables 1–2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should in turn reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing. (Also refer to ISO 3635 Size Designation Procedures).4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the big boys’ sizes on certain measures, were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in this standard to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in the accompanying Tables. (See Figs. 1–4.)1.1 These tables list body measurements of big boy’s regular figure Type sizes 7 through 20. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for boys regular in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of big boy’s sizing.1.3 The values stated in either acceptable SI units or inch units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This provisional specification defines the Open Systems Interconnection (ISO7498 : 1984) Layer 2 data link layer for dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) equipment operating in half-duplex mode.1.1.1 This provisional specification defines the Data Link Layer irrespective of the physical medium to be used. However, it is expected that the standard will be used in accordance with a three layer stack as defined by Subcommittee E17.51 and IEEE P1455 and illustrated in . A critical implication of the use of the Data Link Layer standard with PS 111 is the assumption that the data rate will be 500 Kbps on both the uplink and downlink.1.1.2 This provisional specification specifies dedicated short range communications between fixed equipment at the roadside, called a beacon or Road Side Equipment (RSE) and Mobile Equipment in vehicles, called a Transponder or On-Board Equipment (OBE). This standard does not address vehicle-to-vehicle communication or communication between different instances of RSE.1.1.3 This provisional specification adheres to the general DSRC architecture in which the RSE controls the medium, allocating its use to OBEs within range of the RSE.1.1.4 This provisional specification supports a variety of RSE configurations. It supports configurations where one RSE communicates with one OBE, as well as configurations where one RSE can communicate with several OBEs. It does not define any specific configuration or layout of the communication zone.1.1.5 This provisional specification does not define to what extent different instances of RSE, operating in the vicinity of each other, need to be synchronised with each other.1.1.6 This provisional specification defines parameters to be used in negotiation procedures taking place between RSE and OBE.1.1.7 This provisional specification defines the following:Medium access control (MAC) procedures for the shared physical medium,Addressing rules and conventions,Data flow control procedures,Acknowledgement procedures,Error control procedures,Services provided to data link user(s), andFragmentation.1.1.8 There are two primary MAC modes, synchronous and asynchronous. Both modes support time-division multiple access half-duplex communications combined with a slotted aloha protocol for activation. The synchronous mode is characterized by a contiguous set of slots which is transmitted continuously and has fixed polling, data communications and activation phases. The asynchronous mode can vary the transmission of polling sequences, activation attempts or data communications.1.1.9 This provisional specification assumes that each RSE covers a limited part of the road (the communication zone) and that the OBE communicates with the RSE while passing through the communication zone.1.1.10 This provisional specification specifies the services required of the data link layer by the DSRC data link layer user, as viewed from the data link layer user, to allow a data link layer user entity to exchange packets with remote peer data link layer user entities. The services do not imply any particular implementation or any exposed interface.1.1.11 Not discussed in this provisional specification are signals that must be passed through the Data Link Layer from the Physical Layer to the Application Layer or vice versa in the OBE. These signals include indications of exceeding the wake-up threshold level (to control the OBE response in a small zone) and no carrier (to permit graceful shut down of the OBE if the OBE unexpectedly loses communications). It will be necessary to consider the implementation of these signals in OBE design.1.2 Overview1.2.1 All transmissions by either the RSE or OBE shall consist of a preamble and a frame. A preamble is an eight-bit sequence used for bit synchronization and is specified in Layer 1. A frame is a data link layer entity, which is the result of encapsulation of an application protocol data unit. The generic encapsulation process is shown in .1.2.2 An APDU is delivered from the application layer to the data link layer. If the APDU cannot be sent in a single transmission, then it is subdivided into multiple packets. Each packet is then converted into an LPDU by appending a byte count, fragmentation and logical link control and status field to the beginning of each packet. The frame is then formed by appending a link address field, and media access control field to the beginning and a error detection check field to the end of each LPDU. Each frame is then sent to the physical layer, which appends the preamble and then transmits the data.1.2.3 The frames can be transmitted in one of two modes: synchronous or asynchronous. In the synchronous mode, frames are transmitted in one of three types of slots: frame control message, message data or activation. The slots are combined to form a continuously repeated TDMA frame, as shown in . Each TDMA frame begins with a frame control message slot (FCMS). The FCMS only contains a frame control frame which is a broadcast message from the RSE indicating the number of slots, the type of each slot and the size of the slots that compose the rest of the TDMA frame. For example, in , the frame control frame defines a TDMA frame composed of three additional slots, two slots for data transmission and the other slot for activation. The message data slot (MDS) contains a data message frame transmitted over either the downlink to a specific OBE or uplink from a specific OBE. In addition, there is an acknowledgement transmitted immediately after the data message frame in the opposite direction. The activation slot (ACTS) consists of activation windows which are time periods when any OBE is allowed to transmit in contention with other OBEs in order to attempt to activate. It is not necessary to have an activation slot in a TDMA frame.1.2.4 Assuming link establishment requires the transmission of a beacon service table (BST) from the RSE and negotiation of link parameters using a vehicle service table (VST), provides an example of a full link negotiation followed by a read/write operation in synchronous mode. (Note that the full link negotiation can be shortened to reduce the number of TDMA frames needed to complete a transaction.) In TDMA Frame #1, the OBE receives a BST from the RSE and decides to activate. The activation is also transmitted in TDMA Frame #1. In TDMA Frame #2, the frame control frame designates a downlink message data slot to obtain the VST. After the OBE transmits the VST in TDMA Frame #2, the RSE commands the OBE to support a read in TDMA Frame #3. In TDMA Frame #4, the frame control frame designates an uplink message data slot to read the data. In TDMA Frame #5, the frame control frame designates a downlink message data slot to write data to the OBE. A corresponding acknowledgement is transmitted by the OBE.1.2.5 In the asynchronous mode, communications with an OBE is always initiated with a frame control frame which is regularly broadcast by the RSE. Immediately following the frame control frame are a series of activation windows. The timing and structure of the frame control frame and activation windows can be made common to both synchronous and asynchronous operations (to minimize the differences between the two modes). It is expected that the frame control frame and the activation windows will be transmitted (or time allocated) periodically so that the RSE can poll its read zone for OBEs. When an OBE successfully activates, the RSE discontinues transmissions of the frame control frame to establish private communications with the OBE. These communications can occur asynchronously, that is, without a TDMA frame dividing time into slots. In addition, the specific sequence of frames transmitted is dependent entirely on the application layer. Once the private communications is completed, the RSE would then continue to poll using the frame control frame and activation windows. Note that opportunities to transmit on the downlink and uplink in the asynchronous mode are defined by windows which provide constraints on the start and end times for any frame transmissions. An activation window is a special case of an uplink window.1.2.6 As above, assuming link establishment requires the transmission of a beacon service table (BST) from the RSE and negotiation of link parameters using a vehicle service table (VST), provides an example of a typical read/write operation in asynchronous operation.1.2.7 Like the synchronous mode, the OBE receives the BST from the RSE and attempts to activate. The activation frame is transmitted in activation windows that immediately follow the frame control frame. Once the activation is established, the RSE commands the OBE to transmit a VST and allocates an uplink window for the OBE to transmit the VST. After the VST is received, the RSE commands the OBE to support a read and allocates an uplink window for the OBE to transmit the read response. The OBE transmits the data. Then, the RSE writes data to the OBE and receives a reply that the write was successfully completed.Note 1Provisional Standards require only subcommittee consensus and are published for a limited time of two years. The provisional process was used because it is anticipated that the United States Department of Transportation will be referring to this provisional specification in their rule making.

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4.1 This test method may be used as an accelerated screening test for assessing the strength properties of adhesives and adhesive joints at subzero temperatures. This test method may also be used to determine the effects of various surface preparations, substrates, or adhesive systems on the durability of the adhesive joints at subzero temperatures.4.2 Tensile shear strengths of various adhesives, surface preparations, and substrates may be compared by using this test method for uniform sets of conditions. To assess the overall tensile shear strength of a given adhesive, surface preparation, and substrate should be tested under a range of stress and temperatures. For a specific end use, the needed strength properties using only one set of test conditions may be obtained.4.3 The misuse of strength values obtained from this test method as design-allowable stress values for structural joints could lead to product failure, property damage, and human injury.4.3.1 The apparent shear strength of an adhesive obtained from a given small single-lap specimen may differ from that obtained from a joint made with different adherends or by a different bonding process. The normal variation of temperature and moisture in the service environment causes the adherends and the adhesive to swell or shrink. The adherends and adhesive are likely to have different thermal and moisture coefficients of expansion. Even in small specimens, short-term environment changes can induce internal stresses of chemical changes in the adhesive that permanently affect the apparent strength and other properties of the adhesive.4.3.2 The problem of predicting joint behavior in a changing environment is even more difficult if a different type of adherend is used in a larger structural joint than was used in the small specimen.4.3.3 The apparent shear strength measured with a single-lap specimen is not suitable for determining design-allowable stresses for designing structural joints that differ in any manner from the joints tested without thorough analysis and understanding of the joint and adhesive behaviors.4.3.4 Single-lap tests may be used for comparing and selecting adhesives or bonding processes for susceptibility to fatigue and environmental changes, but such comparisons must be made with great caution since different adhesives may respond differently in different joints. See Guide D4896 for further discussion of the concepts relative to interpretation of adhesive-bonded single-lap-joints.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strength of adhesives for bonding metals when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation and testing at extreme subzero temperatures.1.2 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from -267.8 to -55°C (-450 to -67°F).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautions are given in 8.3.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline by gas chromatographic simulated distillation provides an insight into the composition of the components from which the gasoline has been blended. Knowledge of the boiling range distribution of gasoline blending components is useful for the control of refinery processes and for the blending of finished gasoline.5.2 The determination of the boiling range distribution of light hydrocarbon mixtures by gas chromatographic simulated distillation has better precision than the conventional distillation by Test Method D86. Additionally, this test method provides more accurate and detailed information about the composition of the light ends. The distillation data produced by this test method are similar to that which would be obtained from a cryogenic, true boiling point (15 theoretical plates) distillation.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of gasoline and liquid gasoline blending components. It is applicable to petroleum products and fractions with a final boiling point of 280 °C (536 °F) or lower, as measured by this test method.1.2 This test method is designed to measure the entire boiling range of gasoline and gasoline components with either high or low vapor pressure and is commonly referred to as Simulated Distillation (SimDis) by gas chromatographers.1.3 This test method has been validated for gasoline containing ethanol. Gasolines containing other oxygenates are not specifically excluded, but they were not used in the development of this test method.1.4 This test method can estimate the concentration of n-pentane and lighter saturated hydrocarbons in gasoline.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5.1 Results in degrees Fahrenheit can be obtained by simply substituting Fahrenheit boiling points in the calculation of the boiling point-retention time correlation.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The loss of volatile materials from greases and oils can adversely affect the original performance characteristics of a lubricant and, therefore, could be a significant factor in evaluating a lubricant for a specific use. Such volatiles can also be considered contaminants in the environment in which the lubricant is to be used. Correlation between results from this test method and service performance has not been established.5.2 The test method can be used at any specified temperature between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F) that may be agreed upon by the user of the method. (Warning—This test method should not be used at temperatures which exceed the flash point of the base oil of the grease.)NOTE 1: The specified flow of air, 2.58 g/min ± 0.02 g/min, (2 L/min at standard temperature and pressure), assumes dry air. It is not known that the original work involved dry air but it has since been shown that this can be a factor in reproducibility and should be addressed. Air with a dew point of less than 10 °C at standard temperature and pressure will be satisfactory.1.1 This test method covers the determination of evaporation loss of lubricating greases at temperatures between 93 °C and 316 °C (200 °F and 600 °F). This test method is intended to augment Test Method D972, which is limited to 149 °C (300 °F).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety information, see 5.2.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is primarily used in the horticulture industry to separates peat material into arbitrary fractions based on particle size. Physical separation of peat material according to particle size provides a useful indicator of the properties of a peat specimen such as pore space and degree of decomposition for unprocessed peat. It also provides a means of determining the amount of foreign matter not in a divided state such as sticks, stones, and glass.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 Peat materials consist of particles with various sizes. This practice covers the separation of peat particles into coarse, medium, and fine size fractions using the 2.36 mm (No. 8) and 0.850 mm (No. 20) sieves equipped with cover and bottom pan. This practice is applicable for peat materials used in the horticultural industry and can be used to verify the degree of decomposition of peat and to determine the foreign matter content.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.2.1 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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