4.1 Purchasers of polymer-modified asphalt need guidelines on proper storage and handling procedures to maintain the integrity of material they have purchased. This practice provides a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of these materials as well as comparing various sources of supply.NOTE 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This practice describes a laboratory procedure for determining the tendency of polymer to separate from polymer-modified asphalt under static heated storage conditions. The results of testing on material prepared according to this practice may be used as a guideline when formulating products or to establish field handling procedures. Large differences in test results between top and bottom specimens indicate that there is a degree of incompatibility between the polymer and the base asphalt.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The primary use of this test method is to evaluate new additive packages in specific fuels to ensure that fuel-water separability will not be compromised by the use of the additive package, either at their normal treat rates or at several times the intended treat rate to evaluate the impact of potential overtreatment.5.1.1 Water Volume Changes—Using this technique reveal the presence of water-soluble components, such as alcohols, in the fuel.5.1.2 Interface Condition Ratings—Using this technique reveal the presence of partially soluble components, such as surfactants, in the fuel.5.2 Additives or contaminants that affect the interface could harm water separation properties of fuels in equipment and quickly inhibit the free flow of fuel through filters and injection equipment, causing a decrease in combustion performance.1.1 This test method covers the evaluation of the tendency of water and fuels with a final boiling point of less than 390 °C, as measured in Test Method D86, to separate cleanly rather than create emulsions when they may contain potential emulsion forming additives or components, or have been additized with potential emulsion forming additives, or components.1.2 This test method applies primarily to gasoline, diesel, kerosine, and distillate grades of gas turbine, marine, home heating oils and furnace fuels (see Specifications D396, D975, D2880, D3699, D4814, and D6985). For fuel components such as biodiesel or alcohol, refer to X1.2 and X1.3.1.3 This test method is not meant to certify or qualify fuels for sale, but it is intended for use by additive suppliers to determine the need for demulsifier components in their additive packages.1.4 This test method is not meant for testing of fuels containing large amounts of aqueous soluble components, such as E85, or for testing of water emulsified fuels, or for testing of aviation fuels.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a measure of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like previous obsolete Test Methods D2550 and D3602, and current Test Methods D7224 and D8073, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. They can also detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can also have an adverse effect on the rating. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.5.2 The Micro-Separometer has a measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid. In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 reference level. The material was subsequently removed during the coalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.5.3 Test Mode A function of the separometer will give approximately the same rating for Jet A, Jet A-1, MIL JP-5, MIL JP-7, and MIL JP-8 fuels as Test Methods D2550 and D3602. Using Mode A water separation characteristic ratings of Jet B and MIL JP-4 fuels will not necessarily be equivalent to Test Method D2550 but will give approximately the same rating as Test Method D3602. All Micro-Separometers have Test Mode A capability.5.4 The Test Mode B option is used to determine water separation ratings for MIL JP-4 fuels containing fuel system corrosion and icing inhibitors. These ratings are approximately the same as those obtained using Test Method D2550.5.5 Selection of Mode A or Mode B depends on the specific fuel and specification requirement. Table 1 identifies the recommended test method for various fuels.5.6 The basic difference between Modes A and B is the flow rate at which the water/fuel emulsion is forced through the standard fiberglass coalescer cell. The lapsed time required to force the emulsion through the coalescer cell in Mode A is 45 s ± 2 s, whereas, Mode B requires 25 s ± 1 s.1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.1.2 The procedure section of this test method contains two different modes of test equipment operation. The primary difference between the modes of operation is the rate of fuel flow through the fiberglass coalescing material. Test method selection is dependent on the particular fuel to be tested.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is suited ideally for screening samples for the presence, relative concentration, and potential class of ignitable liquid residues in fire debris.4.2 This is a very sensitive separation procedure, capable of isolating small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from a sample, that is, a 0.1 μL spike of gasoline on a cellulose wipe inside of a 1-gal can is detectable.4.3 Actual recovery will vary, depending on several factors, including adsorption temperature, container size, competition from the sample matrix, ignitable liquid class and relative ignitable liquid concentration.4.4 Because this separation takes place in a closed container, the sample remains in approximately the same condition in which it was submitted. Repeat and interlaboratory analyses, therefore, may be possible. Since the extraction is nonexhaustive, the technique permits reanalysis of samples.4.5 This practice is intended for use in conjunction with other extraction techniques described in Practices E1386, E1388, E1412, and E1413.4.6 The extract is consumed in the analysis. If a more permanent extract is desired, one of the separation practices described in Practices E1386, E1412, or E1413 should be used.1.1 This practice describes the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residues from samples of fire debris. An adsorbent material is used to extract the residue from the static headspace above the sample. Then, analytes are thermally desorbed in the injection port of the gas chromatograph (GC).1.2 This practice is best suited for screening fire debris samples to assess relative ignitable liquid concentration and for extracting ignitable liquid from aqueous samples.1.3 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues when a high level of sensitivity is required due to a very low concentration of ignitable liquid residues in the sample.1.3.1 Unlike other methods of separation and concentration, this method recovers a minimal amount of the ignitable residues present in the evidence, leaving residues that are suitable for subsequent resampling.1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in Section 2.1.5 This standard cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability acquired through appropriate education, training, and experience and should be used in conjunction with sound professional judgment.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers the ability of gasoline-alcohol blends to retain water in solution or in a stable suspension at the lowest temperature to which they are likely to be stored or exposed in use.1.2 This test method is intended to measure the temperature at which a gasoline-alcohol blend separates into two distinct phases in accordance with the criteria defined in this test method. Samples that form a haze are considered not to have phase separated.1.3 This test method is applicable to gasoline-alcohol blends for use as fuels in spark-ignition engines that contain saturated C1 to C4 alcohols only. The test method does not apply to fuels that contain an alcohol as the primary component, such as M85 or Ed85, or to gasoline-ether blends.1.4 The values stated in SI units are the standard, except when other units are specified by federal regulation. Values given in parentheses are provided for informational purposes.1.5 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method provides a measurement of the presence of surfactants in aviation turbine fuels. Like previous obsolete Test Methods D2550 and D3602 and current Test Methods D3948 and D8073, this test method can detect trace amounts of refinery treating chemicals in fuel. The test methods can also detect surface active substances added to fuel in the form of additives or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Some of these substances degrade the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.5.2 This test method yields approximately the same (low) MSEP ratings as Test Method D3948 for fuels that contain strong surfactants.5.2.1 This test method will give approximately the same MSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels as Test Method D3948 when testing reference fluids.5.3 The MSEP ratings obtained by this test method are less affected by weak surfactants than Test Method D3948. Somewhat higher MSEP ratings for Jet A, Jet A-1, JP-5, JP-7, and JP-8 fuels are obtained by this test method than those obtained by Test Method D3948 when additives such as static dissipater additives (SDA) and corrosion inhibitors are present in the fuel. This correlates with the satisfactory performance of filter separators for such fuels, when wet. However, these same additives adversely affect the MSEP ratings obtained by Test Method D3948 by erroneously indicating that such additized fuels would significantly degrade the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel in actual service.5.4 The Micro-Separometer instrument has an effective measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid.NOTE 1: In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material, typically water, contained in the fuel that was used to set the 100 reference level. During the coalescing portion of the test, the contaminating material as well as the 50 µL ± 1 µL of distilled water was subsequently removed during this portion of the test. Thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of kerosine-type aviation turbine fuels, both neat and those containing additives, to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through coalescing material.1.1.1 This test method is applicable to kerosine-type aviation turbine fuels including: Jet A and Jet A-1 (as described in Specification D1655); JP-5, JP-7, JP-8, and JP-8+100. (See Section 6.)1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see 8.2 – 8.5.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. The method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test. The method method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the separation and purification of active ingredient from surfactants and syndet compositions. The separated active ingredient may be used for qualitative examinations. This test method also permits the estimation of total active ingredient level present in the sample under test.1.2 This test method yields the active ingredient together with other alcohol-soluble materials and therefore is useful only in estimating the actual active ingredient level. Correction for the amount of the most common contaminant, sodium chloride, is shown by a separate determination.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.

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5.1 The measurement of isotopic distributions for the lanthanide series elements is of important to all phases of the nuclear fuels cycle. Examples include the purification of the Nd isotopes from Ce and Sm isotopes for the determination of atom percent fission through the production of 148Nd in irradiated nuclear fuels using Practice C1769, determination of rare earth content and isotopic distribution in Uranium Ore Concentrates (UOC) for source term and production of lanthanide fission products in irradiated nuclear fuels for determination of performance, improvements of depletion codes, and analysis of burnup indicators.31.1 This practice provides instructions for the rapid separation of lanthanide elements using high pressure ion chromatography (HPIC) from dissolved uranium materials such as: nuclear fuels, uranium ores, hydrolyzed UF6, and depleted, natural, or enriched oxides/powders, or metals. When optimized, this technique will produce purified elemental fractions of the lanthanide elements isolated from the bulk uranium matrix allowing for isotopic assay using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS).1.2 This practice is most applicable for analyte concentrations of nanograms per gram uranium or higher. For ICP-MS detection and measurement of analyte concentrations lower than this, it would be necessary to perform additional pre-cleanup or concentration techniques, or both, which are not addressed in this practice.1.3 When combined with isotope dilution, this practice can also be used for improved precision assays of the lanthanide elements using the principle of isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Cyanide and hydrogen cyanide are highly toxic. Regulations have been established to require the monitoring of cyanide in industrial and domestic wastes and surface waters.45.2 It is useful to determine the aquatic free cyanide to establish an index of toxicity when a wastewater is introduced into the natural environment at a given pH and temperature.5.3 This test method is applicable for natural water, saline waters, and wastewater effluent.5.4 Free cyanide measured using this test method is applicable for implementation of the International Cyanide Code Guidance in accordance with Guide D7728.1.1 This test method is used to establish the concentration of free cyanide in an aqueous wastewater, effluent and in-stream free cyanide concentrations after mixing treated water with receiving water. The test conditions of this test method are used to measure free cyanide (HCN and CN–) and cyanide bound in the metal-cyanide complexes that are easily dissociated into free cyanide ions at the pH of 6. Free cyanide is determined at pH 6 at room temperature. The aquatic free cyanide can be determined by matching the pH to the water in the receiving environment in the range of pH 6 to 8. The extent of HCN formation is less dependent on temperature than the pH; however, the temperature can be regulated if deemed necessary for aquatic free cyanide to further simulate the actual aquatic environment.1.2 The free cyanide test method is based on the same instrumentation and technology that is described in Test Method D6888, but employs milder conditions (pH 6–8 buffer versus HCl or H2SO4 in the reagent stream), and does not utilize ligand displacement reagents.1.3 The aquatic free cyanide measured by this procedure should be similar to actual levels of HCN in the original aquatic environment. This in turn may give a reliable index of toxicity to aquatic organisms.1.4 This procedure is applicable over a range of approximately 5 to 500 μg/L (parts per billion) free cyanide. Sample dilution may increase cyanide recoveries depending on the cyanide speciation; therefore, it is not recommended to dilute samples. Higher concentrations can be analyzed by increasing the range of calibration standards or with a lower injection volume. In accordance with Guide E1763 and Practice D6512 the lower scope limit was determined to be 9 μg/L for chlorinated gold leaching barren effluent water and the IQE10 % is 12 µg/L in the gold processing detoxified reverse osmosis permeate waste water sample matrix.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This test method is not recommended for samples that contain reduced sulfur compounds such as sulfides.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 8.6 and Section 9.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paints is required in order to characterize paint vehicles by chemical, spectroscopic, or chromatographic techniques. Characterization of vehicles is important since they play a major role in the performance of coatings.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paint.1.2 In the development of the practice the following materials were tested: white soya and white fish oil isophthalic alkyd semi-gloss enamels, white linseed oil paint, white soya and white linseed o-phthalic alkyd enamels. It is considered to be applicable to similar materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 When lubricating grease separates oil, the residual material may change in consistency, which can affect the ability of the product to function as designed. Test results obtained with this procedure are not intended to predict oil separation tendencies of grease under dynamic service conditions.5.2 This test method is used for specifications and quality control.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tendency of lubricating grease to separate oil at an elevated temperature. This test method shall be conducted at 100 °C for 30 h unless other conditions are required by the grease specification.1.2 This test method can be used on any grease with a worked penetration (Test Methods D217) greater than 220 mm/10 (NLGI Consistency Number 3 or softer). However, no precision data exists for greases with a penetration greater than 340 mm/10 (softer than NLGI Consistency Number 1).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The term 60 mesh is used to describe the wire mesh used. This unit was described in the withdrawn E437 standard and there is no exact metric equivalent.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides an indication of the presence of surfactants in aviation fuel. Like Test Methods D2550, D3602, D3948, and D7224, this test method can detect carryover traces of refinery treating residues in fuel as produced. In addition, these test methods can detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use. Certain additives can affect the WSI. Some of these substances affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.5.2 The small scale water separation tester has a measurement range from 0.0 WSI to 100.0 WSI.NOTE 1: WSI values greater than 100.0 WSI can be caused by a reduction in the light transmittance (see A1.1.5) of the test specimen due to material that was removed during the testing process.5.3 This test method was developed so refiners, fuel terminal operators, pipelines, and independent testing laboratory personnel can rapidly and precisely measure for the presence of surfactants, with a minimum of training, in a wide range of locations.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to rate the ability of aviation turbine fuels to release entrained and emulsified water when passed through a water-coalescing filter.1.2 Results are expressed as a Water Separation Index (WSI).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3.1 Exception—Units in WSI are included.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a measure of the presence of surfactants in diesel fuels, and can be performed in the field or in a laboratory. Like Test Method D3948 used for jet fuel, this test method can detect traces of some refinery treating chemicals left in fuel. It can also detect surface active substances added to or picked up by the fuel during handling from point of production to point of use.5.2 Certain additives, which can act as weak surfactants, give a slightly reduced DSEP rating. Other substances which are strong surfactants give much lower DSEP ratings.5.3 This test method recommends use of the D cell coalescer when testing ULSD that contains less than 1 % biodiesel content. The DB cell coalescer should be used when testing B1-B20 blends. Weak surfactants, with slightly reduced DSEP ratings, do not significantly affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel. Strong surfactants give a much lower DSEP rating and adversely affect the ability of filter separators to separate free water from the fuel.5.4 Results from this test method do not have a known relationship to the rate of water settling in tanks.5.5 The Micro-Separometer instrument has a measurement range from 50 to 100. Values obtained outside of those limits are undefined and invalid.NOTE 2: In the event a value greater than 100 is obtained, there is a good probability that light transmittance was reduced by material contained in the fuel used to set the 100 reference level. The material was subsequently removed during the coalescing portion of the test, thus, the processed fuel had a higher light transmittance than the fuel sample used to obtain the 100 reference level resulting in the final rating measuring in excess of 100.1.1 This test method covers a rapid portable means for field and laboratory use to rate the ability of diesel fuels (both neat and those containing additives) to release entrained or emulsified water when passed through fiberglass coalescing material.1.2 This test method is applicable to diesel fuels such as Specification D975 Grade No. 1-D and Grade No. 2-D of all sulfur levels, Specification D7467 biodiesel blends B6-B20, and MIL-DTL-16884, naval distillate fuel (NATO F-76).NOTE 1: This test method is similar to Test Method D3948 which is applicable to aviation turbine fuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Steam distillation is a classical separation technique, useful for preparing extracts for analysis by gas chromatography GC/MS or GC/IR. Distillates are suitable for analysis according to Test Method E 1387 or Guide E 1618.The visible oily liquid extract can be used as a courtroom exhibit, unlike extracts produced by other separation procedures which are solutions rather than a neat liquid.This practice is not useful for the separation of water soluble ignitable liquids such as alcohols or ketones.Alternate separation and concentration methods are suggested if the concentration of flammable or combustible liquid residues is not detectable by odor.This is a destructive technique that should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be reserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure may not be suitable for resampling. Consider using passive headspace concentration as described in Practice E 1412.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for separating visible quantities of water insoluble hydrocarbons from samples of fire debris.1.2 This practice is recommended only for samples which have a detectable odor of petroleum distillates when examined at room temperature.1.3 This practice can yield useful extracts by the application of a solvent to the distillation trap in the event that only small quantities of hydrocarbons are obtained.1.4 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This practice is useful for preparing extracts from fire debris for subsequent analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (see Test Method E1618).4.2 This practice is useful to reduce potential fractionation during separation, such as when attempting to distinguish between various grades of fuel oil.4.3 This practice is particularly useful for extraction from nonporous surfaces such as glass, or the interior of burned containers. It is also well suited to the extraction of ignitable liquid residues from samples that are not amenable to extraction using Practice E1412.4.4 This practice lacks specificity to separate and isolate ignitable liquids from interfering compounds present in the fire debris.4.5 This practice is not suitable for the extraction of extremely volatile compounds and ignitable liquids (for example, acetone, butane, ethanol, propane, some cigarette lighter fluids), which could evaporate during the concentration step.4.6 This is a destructive technique. Whenever possible, this technique should only be used when a representative portion of the sample can be preserved for reanalysis. Those portions of the sample subjected to this procedure could be unsuitable for resampling. If sample spoliation is an issue, a nondestructive extraction technique (for example, Practices E1412, E2154) should be used prior to this technique.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for removing small quantities of ignitable liquid residue from samples of fire debris using solvent to extract the residue.1.2 This practice is suitable for extracting ignitable liquid residues over a wide range of concentrations.1.3 Alternate separation and concentration procedures are listed in the referenced documents (Practices E1388, E1412, E1413, E2154, and E3189).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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