5.1 This test method is intended for use in the laboratory or in the field for evaluating the cleanliness of fuels identified in the scope.5.2 Detection of particles and water can indicate degradation of the fuel condition. Particles, whether inorganic or organic, can cause fouling of fuel filters and damage pumps, injectors, and pistons. Knowledge of particle size in relation to metallurgy can provide vital information, especially if the hardness of the solid particles are known from other sources.NOTE 3: The method includes the detection of water, solids, and air bubbles. The air bubbles are screened out of the data prior to analysis of results, based on shape and transparency, and are not reported in the results.1.1 This test method uses a direct imaging analyzer to count and measure the size and shape of dispersed solid particles and water droplets in light and middle distillate fuels in the overall range from 4 μm to 100 μm and in size bands of ≥4 μm, ≥6 μm, and ≥14 μm.NOTE 1: Particle size data from 0.7 μm through 300 μm is available for use or reporting if deemed helpful.NOTE 2: Shape is used to classify particles, droplets, and bubbles and is not a reporting requirement.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is useful to be able to obtain particle size measurement results of a user specified product from multiple instruments and to be able to correlate the results of the measurements. This capability can be advantageous in expanding the use of different technologies to make a measurement or simply to correlate results between instruments of the same technology. An example might be comparing in-process particle size measurements to final inspection particle size measurements.4.2 The viability of this guide will need to be tested on a case-by-case basis as various products may present measurement challenges for some instruments and not all results from all instruments may be able to be correlated to all other results from all other instruments. In addition, positive results should be confirmed and improved with continued data comparisons over time using process measurements from the instruments selected.1.1 This guide describes one methodology to correlate solid particle analysis results between solid particle analysis instruments for user specified products of user specified particle sizes and distributions in order to expand the capability of particle measurement throughout the manufacturing process and provide better control and efficiency. The guide is not limited to instrument type or product type.1.2 Warning—Not all instruments may correlate to all other instruments for various user specified products and size ranges. Instruments may measure different particle features, and they may also measure the same particle features differently and thus correlating the results of any two may be possible for some products but not possible for others. It is also the case that certain materials can be altered by the instruments measuring them which would eliminate them from consideration under this guide if the instrument’s results are determined based on measurements made after the instrument has altered the user specified product.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Throughput, power and energy requirements, and product size are key parameters that describe the operation and performance of solid waste size-reduction equipment.5.2 This test method can be used to determine if the size-reduction equipment is operating within specifications and meeting performance criteria.5.3 Having determined the parameters given in 5.1, the equipment that has been subjected to the test may be compared to other equipment similarly tested in order to establish relative levels of performance among equipment.5.4 The basic test period is a continuous 2 to 4-h duration. The use of several test periods may be warranted to adequately assess the performance of size-reduction equipment.1.1 This test method covers measuring the performance of solid waste size-reduction equipment.1.2 This test method can be used to measure the flow (that is, throughput) of solid waste through the size-reduction equipment, energy usage of the size-reduction device, and particle size of the shredded product.1.3 This test method includes instructions for measuring energy usage, solid waste throughput, net processing time, and particle size distribution.1.4 This test method applies only to size-reduction equipment that produces a shredded product with a size corresponding to 90 % cumulative passing in the range of 0.5 to 15 cm (0.2 to 6 in.) on an air-dry weight basis. For material with nominal sizes outside of this range, the precision and bias statements for particle size designation (Section 14) may not apply.1.5 This test method can be applied to size-reduction equipment located anywhere within a processing line.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6.1 Exception—The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Section 7 for specific hazard information.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 The selection criteria is to be applied for uses of (1) new cable and (2) replacement cable.3.2 For the selection of new cable or the selection of replacement cable, this practice defines the choice criteria for conductor selection for cables in AWG (ASTM) or metric (IEC) sizes.1.1 This practice is intended as a guide to shipbuilders, shipowners, and design agents for use in the selection of conductor size for single conductor or multiple conductor cable sizes either in American Wire Gauge (AWG) or metric designations for commercial ship design and construction.1.2 The comparison chart of electrical conductor sizes shown in Table 1 presents a combined listing of stranded uncoated (plain) copper conductors in accordance with AWG Class B stranding (Specification B8) inch-pound units or international standard sizes of Class 2 IEC (Specification IEC 60228) metric units.1.3 As a precautionary caveat, some conductor sizes listed in Table 1 may exceed minimal size requirements of the U.S. Coast Guard, the American Bureau of Shipping, and IEEE STD 45 for specific applications.1.4 The values stated for ampacity and dc resistance are presented as maximum values and are provided for information only.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 It is important to recognize that the results obtained by this method or any other method for particle size distribution utilizing different physical principles may disagree. The results are strongly influenced by the physical principles employed by each method of particle size analysis. The results of any particle sizing method should be used only in a relative sense, and should not be regarded as absolute when comparing results obtained by other methods.4.2 Light scattering theory that is used for determination of particle size has been available for many years. Several manufacturers of testing equipment have units based on these principles. Although each type of testing equipment utilizes the same basic principles for light scattering as a function of particle size, different assumptions pertinent to applications of the theory and different models for converting light measurements to particle size may lead to different results for each instrument. Therefore, the use of this test method cannot guarantee directly comparable results from the various manufacturers' instruments.4.3 Manufacturers and purchasers of alumina and quartz will find the method useful to determine particle size distributions for materials specifications, manufacturing control, and research and development.1.1 This test method covers the determination of particle size distribution of alumina or quartz using laser light-scattering instrumentation in the range from 0.1 to 500 μm.1.2 The procedure described in this test method may be applied to other nonplastic ceramic powders. It is at the discretion of the user to determine the method's applicability.1.3 This test method applies to analysis using aqueous dispersions.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 Quartz has been classified by IARC as a Group I carcinogen. For specific hazard information in handling this material, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The use of the body measurement information in Tables 1 and 2 will assist manufacturers in developing patterns and garments that are consistent with the current anthropometric characteristics of the population of interest. This practice should, in turn, reduce or minimize consumer confusion and dissatisfaction related to apparel sizing. (Also refer to ISO 3635.)4.2 Three-dimensional avatars depicting each of the big men sizes on certain measurements were created by Alvanon, Inc. and included in these tables to assist manufacturers in visualizing the posture, shape, and proportions generated by the measurements charts in Figs. 1-3.FIG. 1 Mature Big MenFIG. 2 Mature Big MenFIG. 3 Mature Big Men1.1 These tables list body measurements of mature big men figure type sizes 46–64. Although these are body measurements, they can be used as a baseline in designing apparel for big men in this size range when considering such factors as fabric type ease for body movement, styling, and fit.1.2 These tables list body measurements for the complete range of big men sizing.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Particle size and shape are important in predicting the performance of catalytic materials. They influence the bulk density of the final product and thereby the effectiveness of performance.5.2 Establishing a verification reference for the analyzer that is commercially available and dimensionally reliable to close tolerances enables different analyzers to be easily checked to equivalent standards.5.3 This practice may also be followed to analyze catalytic materials for quality manufacturing purposes. Sections 9 and 10 instruct on sample count determination as well as sampling recommendations. Test Method D6299 may be utilized to monitor performance of the analyzer in measuring the size and shape of catalytic materials.1.1 This practice covers the calibration and verification of Dynamic Imaging Analyzers (analyzers) using catalytic and non-catalytic reference materials. The measurement range of analyzers covers from 500 µm to 20 000 µm.1.2 This practice may also be used to analyze catalytic materials once the analyzer has been calibrated and verified.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; however, English and mesh units are also acceptable with conversions provided in Appendix X3.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The traditional resolution test of the SEM requires, as a first step, a photomicrograph of a fine particulate sample taken at a high magnification. The operator is required to measure a distance on the photomicrograph between two adjacent, but separate edges. These edges are usually less than one millimetre apart. Their image quality is often less than optimum limited by the S/N ratio of a beam with such a small diameter and low current. Operator judgment is dependent on the individual acuity of the person making the measurement and can vary significantly.4.2 Use of this practice results in SEM electron beam size characterization which is significantly more reproducible than the traditional resolution test using a fine particulate sample.1.1 This practice provides a reproducible means by which one aspect of the performance of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) may be characterized. The resolution of an SEM depends on many factors, some of which are electron beam voltage and current, lens aberrations, contrast in the specimen, and operator-instrument-material interaction. However, the resolution for any set of conditions is limited by the size of the electron beam. This size can be quantified through the measurement of an effective apparent edge sharpness for a number of materials, two of which are suggested. This practice requires an SEM with the capability to perform line-scan traces, for example, Y-deflection waveform generation, for the suggested materials. The range of SEM magnification at which this practice is of utility is from 1000 to 50 000 × . Higher magnifications may be attempted, but difficulty in making precise measurements can be expected.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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