3.1 These test methods are designed primarily for specimens prepared in a laboratory under standardized conditions such as may be used to provide data for development and control of rubber compounds and methods of manufacture. With slight modifications as indicated, Methods A, B, C, D, and E are also used for obtaining comparative adhesion test values of production parts whenever the design permits preparation of suitable test specimens. Methods A, B, C, and D are applicable in the case of many products in which rubber is used for controlling vibration.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing the static adhesional strength of rubber to rigid materials (in most cases metals).Method A—Rubber Part Assembled Between Two Parallel Metal Plates.Method B—90° Stripping Test—Rubber Part Assembled to One Metal Plate.Method C—Measuring Adhesion of Rubber to Metal with a Conical Specimen.Method D—Adhesion Test—Post-Vulcanization (PV) Bonding of Rubber to Metal.Method E—90° Stripping Test—Rubber Tank Lining—Assembled to One Metal Plate.Method F—Rubber Part Assembled Between Two Parallel Convex-Shaped Metal PlatesMethod G—Measuring Bond Durability for Rubber-to-Metal Bonded Components with a Double Shear Cylindrical SpecimenMethod H—Measuring Bond Durability for Rubber-to-Metal Bonded Components with a Quadruple Shear Specimen1.2 While the test method may be used with a wide variety of rigid materials, use of materials other than metals is the exception. For this reason, we have used the word “metal” in the text rather than “rigid materials.”1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The thickness of a coating is often critical to its performance. This magnetic method is suitable for measuring nondestructively the thickness of some nickel coatings and for specification acceptance.5.2 This method requires that the magnetic properties of the coating and its substrate be the same as those of the reference standards used for the calibration adjustment of the instrument.5.3 This method should not be used to determine the thickness of autocatalytically deposited nickel-phosphorus alloys containing more than 8 % phosphorus on steel. Those coatings are sufficiently nonmagnetic for Test Method B499 to be suitable for that determination, as long as the measurement is made prior to any heat treatment.1.1 This test method covers the use of magnetic instruments for the nondestructive measurement of the thickness of an electrodeposited nickel coating on either a magnetic or nonmagnetic substrate. It is intended to supplement manufacturers’ instructions for the operation of the instruments and is not intended to replace them.1.2 These instruments measure either the magnetic attraction between a magnet and the coating-substrate combination (categorized as “magnetic pull-off”), or the change in magnetic flux density within the probe (categorized as “electronic”).1.3 For this test method, there are two types of coating-substrate combinations that can be encountered: Type A, nickel coatings on a magnetic substrate, and Type B, nickel coatings on a nonmagnetic substrate.1.4 The effective measuring ranges of instruments using the principle of magnetic attraction are up to 50 μm (2 mils) for Type A coatings, and up to 25 μm (1 mil) for Type B coatings. For gages based on change in magnetic flux density principles, the effective ranges are much greater, and measurements up to 1 mm (40 mils) or more, can be made on both types of coatings.1.5 Measurements made in accordance with this test method will be in compliance with the requirements of ISO Standard 2361 as printed in 1982.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Safety-related service water system (SWS) components are designed to provide adequate cooling to equipment essential to the safe operation and shutdown of the plant. Linings in these systems are installed to maintain the integrity of the system components by preventing corrosion and erosion of the metal materials of construction. Linings on SWS surfaces upstream of components, including heat exchangers, orifice plates, strainers, and valves, the detachment of which may affect safe-plant operation or shutdown, may be considered safety-related, depending on plant-specific licensing commitments and design bases.5.2 The testing presented in this guide is used to provide reasonable assurance that the linings, when properly applied, will be suitable for the intended service by preventing corrosion and erosion for some extended period of time. Additionally, the test data derived allows development of schedules, methods, and techniques for assessing the condition of the lining materials (see Guide D7167). The ultimate objective of the testing is to avoid lining failures that could result in blockage of equipment, such as piping or heat transfer components, preventing the system or component from performing its intended safety function.5.3 It is expected that this guide will be used by:5.3.1 Lining manufacturers for comparing specific products and systems and to establish a qualification basis for recommended linings and5.3.2 End users seeking a consistent design basis for candidate coating systems.5.4 In the event of conflict, users of this guide must recognize that the licensee's plant-specific quality assurance program and licensing commitments shall prevail with respect to the selection process for and qualification of CSL III lining materials.5.5 Operating experience has shown that the most severe operating conditions with respect to heat exchanger linings occur on pass partitions. A phenomenon known as the “cold wall effect” accelerates moisture permeation through a coating applied to the warmer side of a partition that separates fluids at two different temperatures. The thickness and permeability of the lining are key variables affecting the ability of a lining to withstand cold wall blistering.5.5.1 This effect is particularly pronounced when the separated fluids are water, though the effect will occur when only air is on the other side, for example, an outdoor tank filled with warm liquid. A heat exchanger pass partition represents geometry uniquely vulnerable to the water-to-water maximized temperature differentials (ΔTs) that drive the cold wall effect.5.5.2 Pass partitions separate relatively cold incoming cooling water from the discharge water warmed by the heat exchanger's thermal duty. Improperly designed coatings will exhibit moisture permeation to the substrate accelerated by the cold-wall effect. Many instances of premature pass partition warm-side blistering have been noted in the nuclear industry. Such degradation has also been seen on lined cover plate and channel barrel segments that reflect water-to-air configurations.5.6 Large water-to-water ΔTs are known to be the most severe design condition. The test device used to replicate ΔT configurations is known as an “Atlas cell.” Atlas cell testing is governed by industry standard test methodologies (Test Method C868 and NACE TM0174). A lining proven suitable for the most severe hypothesized ΔT would also be suitable for service on other waterside surfaces.5.7 Plant cooling water varies in composition and temperature seasonally. For purposes of standardization, demineralized water is used in Atlas cell exposures rather than raw plant water. It is generally accepted in polymeric coatings technology that low-conductivity water (deionized or demineralized) is more aggressive with respect to its ability to permeate linings than raw water. Thus, stipulating use of low-conductivity water as the test medium is considered conservative.1.1 This guide establishes procedures for evaluating lining system test specimens under simulated operating conditions.1.2 Lining systems to be tested in accordance with this guide are intended for use in both new construction and for refurbishing existing systems or components.1.3 The lining systems evaluated in accordance with this guide are expected to be applied to metal substrates comprising water-wetted (that is, continuous or intermittent immersion) surfaces in systems that may include:1.3.1 Service water piping upstream of safety-related components,1.3.2 Service water pump internals (draft tube, volutes, and diffusers),1.3.3 Service water heat exchanger channels, pass partitions, tubesheets, end bells, and covers,1.3.4 Service water strainers, and1.3.5 Refueling water storage tanks and refuel cavity water storage tanks.1.4 This guide anticipates that the lining systems to be tested include liquid-grade and paste-grade polymeric materials. Sheet type lining materials, such as rubber, are excluded from the scope of this guide.1.5 Because of the specialized nature of these tests and the desire in many cases to simulate to some degree the expected service environment, the creation of a standard practice is not practical. This standard gives guidance in setting up tests and specifies test procedures and reporting requirements that can be followed even with differing materials, specimen preparation methods, and test facilities.1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 If the ink or coating is to fulfill its function, it must adhere to the substrate. Substrates and their surface preparation have a significant effect on the adhesion of inks or coatings. Therefore, a method of evaluating adhesion of inks or coatings to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different inks or coatings to the same substrate and surface treatment, is useful to the industry.5.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion should be recognized before using it. The intra– and inter–laboratory precision of this test method is under evaluation.5.3 Printing area to be tested should be a solid area large enough to include the entire cross hatch pattern.1.1 This test method is based on existing Test Method D3359, with modifications to make it suitable for flexible substrates, printed electronic devices and membrane switches.1.2 Despite the problems associated with a tape test on plastic substrates, it is our belief that this is still one of the best ways to test ink and coating for adhesion for membrane switch or printed electronic device applications. In writing this test method we are addressing several of the objections to the test method that could affect its precision and repeatability on plastic substrates.1.3 These test methods cover whether the adhesion of coating or ink to a substrate is at an acceptable level. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion, for which more sophisticated methods of measurement may be required.NOTE 1: It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the ink or coating surface can affect the results obtained with inks or coatings having the same inherent adhesion.1.4 In multi–coat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats, so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.1.5 This test method is specifically designed for measuring adhesion of inks and coatings (films) that have a thickness of 5 mil (125 microns) or less, on plastics such as polyester and polycarbonate.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The method described in this standard is based on the concept that the total free energy at a surface is the sum of contributions from different intermolecular forces, such as dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding. There are other techniques that employ three components (dispersion, polar and hydrogen bonding). These methods are further complicated by needing three to five test liquids and are not practical for routine testing. This method uses contact angles of two liquids to provide data for the calculation of two components, dispersion, γsd, and polar, γsp.5.2 Dispersion and polar component data, along with the total solid surface tension, are useful for explaining or predicting wetting or adhesion, or both, of coatings on pretreatments, substrates and other coatings. Low solid surface tension values often are a sign of contamination and portend potential wetting problems. High polar components may signal polar contamination. There is evidence in the literature that matching of polar components of topcoats and primers gives better adhesion.45.3 Solid surface tensions of pigments, particularly the polar components, may be useful in understanding dispersion problems or to provide signals for the composition of dispersants and mill bases. However, comparison of pigments may be difficult if there are differences in the roughness or porosity, or both, of the disks prepared from them.5.4 Although this technique is very useful in characterizing surfaces, evaluating surface active additives and explaining problems, it is not designed to be a quality control or specification test.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for the measurement of contact angles of two liquids, one polar and the other nonpolar, of known surface tension on a substrate, pigment (in the form of a disk), or cured or air dried coating in order to calculate the surface properties (surface tension and its dispersion and polar components) of the solid.1.2 The total solid surface tension range that can be determined using this method is approximately 20 to 60 dyn/cm.1.3 The values stated in CGS units (dyn/cm) are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Noble metal coatings, particularly gold or palladium, are often specified for the contacts of separable electrical connectors and other devices. Electrodeposits are the form of gold or palladium which is most used on contacts, although gold and palladium are also employed as clad metal and as weldments on the contact surface. The intrinsic nobility of gold and to a certain extent palladium enables them to resist the formation of insulating films that could interfere with reliable contact operation.5.2 In order that the nobility of gold be assured, porosity, cracks, and other defects in the coating that expose base metal substrates and underplates must be minimal or absent, except in those cases where it is feasible to use the contacts in structures that shield the surface from the environment or where corrosion inhibiting surface treatments for the deposit are employed. The level of porosity in the coating that may be tolerable depends on the severity of the environment to the underplate or substrate, design factors for the contact device like the force with which it is mated, circuit parameters, and the reliability of contact operation that it is necessary to maintain. Also, when present, the location of pores on the surface is important. If the pores are few in number or are outside of the zone of contact of the mating surfaces, their presence can often be tolerated.5.3 Methods for determining pores on a contact surface are most suitable if they enable their precise location and numbers to be determined. Contact surfaces are often curved or irregular in shape, and testing methods should be suitable for them. In addition, the severity of porosity-determining tests may vary from procedures capable of detecting all porosity to procedures that detect only gross defects. The test method in this document is generally regarded as severe.5.4 The relationship of porosity levels revealed by particular tests to contact behavior must be made by the user of these tests through practical experience or judgment. Thus, absence of porosity in the coating may be a requirement for some applications, while a few pores in the contact zone may be acceptable for others.5.5 This test method is capable of detecting porosity or other defects in gold or palladium coatings that could participate in substrate corrosion reactions. In addition, it can be used on contacts having complex geometry such as pin-socket contacts (although difficulty may be experienced in inspecting deep recesses).1.1 This test method covers equipment and techniques for determining porosity in noble metal coatings, particularly electrodeposits and clad metals used on electrical contacts.1.2 The test method is designed to show whether the porosity level is less or greater than some value which by experience is considered by the user to be acceptable for the intended application.1.3 Other porosity testing methods are outlined in Guide B765. Detailed critical reviews of porosity testing are also available.2 Other porosity test methods are B735, B741, B799, and B809.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Sections 7 and 8.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Natural weathering tests can take several years and accelerated weathering evaluations often run for cycles requiring several weeks or months before obtaining useful data. Correlating wood panels selection with desired weathering performance characteristics assists a coatings experimenter in maximizing information in the desired time frame.5.2 Because of the long time spans required for exposure testing, it is critical to plan a reliable experiment while controlling as many variables as possible. For this reason, selection of experimental panels made from representative wood species or composites, grades of lumber and surface types that are expected to be painted is very important.5.3 This practice may be used for any types of exterior architectural coating intended for use on wood or wood composite substrate such as exterior house paints, primers, wood stains, or waterproofers.1.1 This practice offers guidelines for selecting wood or wood composite substrates for the evaluation of specific weathering performance characteristics of architectural coatings such as exterior paints, primers, and deck finishes.1.2 Procedures include selecting wood species and choosing individual wood test panels through visual examination of the wood characteristics.1.3 This practice is intended to cover the most commonly employed wood substrates used in weathering studies of architectural coatings. It is not intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for all wood species that may be employed for the purpose of evaluating weathering performance characteristics of architectural coatings.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for determining the gross camber of ceramic substrates in a free (nonclamped) state and for appraising the quality of a substrate lot by relating the deviation from flatness of faces due to curvature. 1.2 These test methods are applicable to substrates of sizes ranging up to 4 in. (102 mm) in the maximum dimension. 1.3 In principle, these test methods may be applied to larger dimensioned substrates. 1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 Coated wood panel products must be stacked face to face or face to back during warehousing, packaging, and transportation without the coated finish sticking (blocking) and becoming damaged. This test method describes a laboratory means of evaluating conditions of blocking using factors of pressure, heat, time and moisture.4.2 Degrees of hardness or degrees of cure of organic coatings, or both, can be evaluated using a blocking test.4.3 The rate of volatile loss (drying speed) of organic coatings can be evaluated using a blocking test.4.4 The effectiveness of protective packaging materials (slip sheets) for organic coatings on wood substrates can be evaluated using a blocking test.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the block resistance of organic coatings on wood and wood-based panel substrates. Block resistance is the ability of a coating to resist sticking to another surface and to resist any change in appearance when it is pressed against that surface for a prolonged period of time.1.2 General methods for determining block resistance are outlined in Sections 6 and 7. Variations inherent in user materials and procedures, however, may dictate adjustments to the general method to improve accuracy. Paragraphs 7.3 and 7.4 provide guidelines for tailoring the general procedure to a user's specific application. Paragraph 7.5 offers a rating methodology.1.3 Test Method D2091 should be used for the determination of print resistance or pressure mottling of organic coatings, particularly lacquers, applied to wood-based case goods such as furniture.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The pull-off strength of a bonded FRP system is an important performance property that has been used in specifications, particularly those for assessing the quality of an application. This test method serves as a means for uniformly preparing and testing bonded FRP systems, and evaluating and reporting the results.5.2 Variations in results obtained using different devices are possible. Therefore, it is recommended that the type of adhesion test device (including manufacturer and model) be mutually agreed upon between the interested parties.5.3 This test method is intended for use in both the field and the laboratory.5.4 The basic material properties obtained from this test method can be used in the control of the quality of adhesives and in the theoretical equations for designing FRP systems for external reinforcement to strengthen existing structures.1.1 This test method describes the apparatus and procedure for evaluating the pull-off strength of wet lay-up or pultruded (shop-fabricated) Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) laminate systems adhesively bonded to a flat concrete substrate. The test determines the greatest perpendicular force (in tension) that an FRP system can bear before a plug of material is detached. Failure will occur along the weakest plane within the system comprised of the test fixture, FRP laminate, adhesive, and substrate.1.2 This test method is primarily used for quality control and assessment of field repairs of structures using adhesive-applied composite materials.1.3 This test method is appropriate for use with FRP systems having any fiber orientation or combination of ply orientations comprising the FRP laminate.1.4 This test method is appropriate for use with flat concrete, concrete masonry, clay masonry, and stone masonry substrates.1.5 This test method is not appropriate for use as an “acceptance” or “proof” wherein the FRP system remaining intact at a prescribed force is an acceptable result.1.6 Pull-off strength measurements depend upon both material and instrumental parameters. Different adhesion test devices and procedures will give different results and cannot be directly compared.1.7 This test method can be destructive. Spot repairs may be necessary. The test method will result in an exposed cut FRP section; repair methods must consider the potential for moisture uptake through this cut section.1.8 Prior to the installation of some adhesively bonded FRP systems, the substrate must be patched. This test method is not appropriate for determining the pull-off strength of the FRP from the patch material. An additional test method is required to determine the pull-off strength of the patch from the substrate.1.9 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This guide is intended to aid the coating specification writer in selecting and specifying the appropriate inspection requirements. It indicates the inspection requirements that may be employed for each of four service environments including mild, moderate, severe, and immersion (see Table 1).1.2 In order to aid the user in determining when to specify inspection requirements, a relationship between the consequence of failure and the suggested level of inspection is demonstrated (see Fig. 1).1.3 It is not the intent of this guide to address the selection of protective coating systems, to specify surface preparation and application requirements, or to be a referenced document in a specification.

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4.1 A coating/lining is applied to a metallic substrate to prevent corrosion or reduce product contamination, or both. The degree of coating continuity required is dictated by service conditions. Discontinuities in a coating/lining are frequently very minute and may not be readily visible. This practice provides a procedure for electrical detection of discontinuities in nonconductive coating systems.4.2 Electrical testing to determine the presence and number of discontinuities in a coating/lining is performed on a nonconductive coating/lining applied to an electrically conductive surface. The allowable number of discontinuities should be determined prior to conducting this test since the acceptable quantity of discontinuities will vary depending on film thickness, design, and service conditions.4.3 The low voltage wet sponge test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of 0.5 mm (20 mil) or less. High voltage spark test equipment is generally used for detecting discontinuities in coatings/linings having a total thickness of greater than 0.5 mm (20 mil).4.3.1 Coatings/linings less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) in thickness may be susceptible to damage if tested with high voltage spark testing equipment. However, coatings/linings greater than 0.25 mm (10 mil) and less than 0.5 mm (20 mil) may be tested with high voltage spark test equipment provided the voltage is calculated and set correctly, and the coating manufacturer approves its use.4.4 To prevent damage to a coating film when using high voltage test instrumentation, total film thickness and dielectric strength in a coating system shall be considered in determining the appropriate voltage for detection of discontinuities. Atmospheric conditions shall also be considered since the voltage required for the spark to gap a given distance in air varies with the conductivity of the air at the time the test is conducted. Table X1.1 in Appendix X1 contains suggested voltages for high voltage spark testing of low dielectric strength coatings/linings.4.5 The coating manufacturer shall be consulted to obtain the following information that can affect the accuracy of this test to determine discontinuities:4.5.1 Establish the length of time required to adequately dry or cure the applied coating/lining prior to testing. Solvents retained in an uncured coating/lining may form an electrically conductive path through the film to the substrate and may be a fire hazard.4.5.2 Determine whether the coating/lining contains electrically conductive fillers or pigments that may affect the normal dielectric properties.4.6 This practice is intended for use with new coatings/linings applied to metal substrates. Its use on a lining previously exposed to an immersion condition has often resulted in damage to the lining and has produced erroneous detection of discontinuities due to permeation or moisture absorption of the lining. Deposits may also be present on the surface causing telegraphing (current traveling through a moisture path to a discontinuity, giving an erroneous indication) or current leakage across the surface of the coating/lining due to contamination. The use of a high voltage tester on previously exposed coatings/linings must be carefully considered because of possible spark-through that will damage an otherwise sound coating/lining. Although a low voltage tester can be used without damaging the coating/lining, it may also produce erroneous results.1.1 This practice covers procedures for determining discontinuities using two types of test equipment:1.1.1 Test Method A—Low Voltage Wet Sponge, and1.1.2 Test Method B—High Voltage Spark Testers.1.2 This practice addresses metallic substrates. For concrete surfaces, refer to Practice D4787.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车