This test method can be used in measuring the effectiveness of latex systems in bonding fresh concrete to hardened concrete.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bond strength of latex bonding systems for use with portland-cement concrete. This test method covers bonding hardened mortar specimens to freshly mixed mortar specimens.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This practice provides general procedures, information, guidelines, and precautions for the application of heat welded modified bituminous waterproofing systems used as part of a new horizontal waterproofing system.4.2 This practice is not all-inclusive and is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from designers and system manufacturers.4.3 The horizontal (low sloped) deck or substrate referred to in this practice is reinforced cast-in-place structural concrete.1.1 This practice covers the minimum application recommendations for heat weldable atactic polypropylene (APP) modified bituminous systems used as part of a new horizontal waterproofing system over occupied spaces of buildings where covered by a separate wearing course.1.2 For the purpose of this practice, the substrate shall be structurally sound, sloped to drain, able to accept the weight of the membrane and other system materials, and meet the local building code requirements. Similarly, all components of the waterproofing system are assumed to comply with any federal, state, and local environmental regulations that may be in effect at the time of installation. Expansion joints, insulation, drainage layers, protection boards, filter sheets, and the wearing surfaces are beyond the scope of this practice.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining the resistance to water penetration under uniform positive static air pressure differences, and simulates wind driven rain imposed on sidelaps and rain that is free to drain while building a water head as it flows. The slope of the roof is significant. These factors shall be fully considered prior to specifying the test pressure difference.NOTE 1: In applying the results of tests by this method, note that the performance of a roof or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance also depends on the rigidity of supporting construction, roof slope, and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes: corrosive atmosphere, aging, ice, vibration, thermal expansion and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting conditions that can be encountered in service, including large wind-blown water drops, increasing water drop impact pressures with increasing wind velocity, and lateral or upward moving air and water. Some designs are more sensitive than others to this upward moving water.NOTE 2: This is a test procedure. It is the responsibility of the specifying agency to determine the specimen construction, size, and test pressures after considering the method’s guidelines. Practical considerations suggest that every combination of panel thickness, span, and design load need not be tested in order to substantiate product performance.NOTE 3: This test method shall not, by itself, be relied upon to form conclusions about overall water penetration through metal roofs. A roof contains many details. Although prescribed modifications are outside the scope of this test method, an experienced testing engineer is able to use the principles presented in this test method and generate significant data by isolating specific details and measuring leakage.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior metal roof panel systems to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face simultaneously with a static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face, that is, positive pressure. This test method is a specialized adaption of Test Method E331.1.2 This test method is applicable to any roof area and is intended to measure only the water penetration associated with the field of roof including panel side laps and structural connections. It does not include leakage at openings or perimeter or any other details.1.3 This test method is limited to specimens in which the side seams and attachments are clearly visible and in which the source of leakage is readily determined. Composite systems in which the source cannot be readily determined are outside the scope of this test method.1.4 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of pressure and flow measurement.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see 7.1.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The intended use of this guide is to provide a high level summary of relevant test methods and performance criteria of aerosol foam sealants that can be helpful in identifying material properties and suitable applications. Use of this guide can be leveraged to further understand how foam sealant materials can be expected to perform and are positioned for intended use by manufacturers in the marketplace.5.2 This guide is limited in scope and does not cover all possible end use applications. Consult the Aerosol Foam Sealant Manufacturer for specific performance capability, third party reports, or International Code Council evaluation reports.1.1 This guide covers the general use of aerosol polyurethane and aerosol latex foams extruded from pressurized containers intended for building envelope air barrier sealant and adhesive applications in building construction. It also provides an overview of associated standards and test methods that quantify key physical properties that are useful to design professionals, engineers, specifiers, and end users.1.2 Currently two main foam sealant types are applicable to this practice, single component polyurethane and latex types.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. SI units provided are for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific safety considerations see Section 7.FIG. 2 Interior Door Perimeters of Exterior Doors, Gaps/Holes (General), and Subfloor AdhesiveFIG. 3 Skylight Perimeters, Joints, and Insulated Concrete FormsFIG. 4 Commercial Window Interior Perimeters, Sealing Joints of Rigid Insulation, and Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs)1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the standard materials composition, physical properties, structural components, manufacturing methods, and testing requirements for articulating concrete block reventment systems for use in erosion protection to underlying soil materials from flowing water forces. Articulating concrete blocks may be produced at a block plant or onsite using either wet-cast or dry-cast production techniques. Reventment cable and fittings shall be designed in such a manner as to provide adequate strength and durability characteristics to facilitate safe lifting and placing of large mattresses. The materials shall consist of aggregates and cementitious materials which shall be Portland, blended, hydrated lime, or pozzolan cements and shall conform to the physical requirements such as compressive strength, water absorption, density or unit weight, and freeze-thaw durability. The system includes a geotextile filter which shall comply to grab strength, sewn seam strength, tear strength, puncture strength, and elongation requirements. Geotextile-subsoil compatibility assessment shall include functional requirements for permeability, particle retention, and resistance to clogging. Physical property requirements for permittivity, aperture size, percent open area, and UV stability shall be based on site-specific soil characteristics, site conditions, and construction techniques.1.1 The purpose of this standard is to provide specifications for articulating concrete block (ACB) revetment system structural components, material composition and physical properties, manufacturing methods and testing requirements.1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting or use of units other than inch-pound shall not be regarded as non-conformance with this standard.1.2.1 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is used when dealing with inch-pound units. In the system, the pound (lbf) represents a unit of force (weight), while the units for mass is slugs. The slug unit is not given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved.1.2.2 The SI units presented for apparatus are substitutions of the inch-pound units, other similar SI units should be acceptable providing they meet the technical requirements established by the inch-pound apparatus.1.2.3 It is common practice in the engineering/construction profession to concurrently use pounds to represent both a unit of mass (lbm) and of force (lbf). This practice implicitly combines two separate systems of units; the absolute and the gravitational systems. It is scientifically undesirable to combine the use of two separate sets of inch-pound units within a single standard. As stated, this standard includes the gravitational system of inch-pound units and does not use/present the slug unit of mass. However, the use of balances and scales recording pounds of mass (lbm) or recording density in lbm/ft3 shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.2.4 The terms density and unit weight are often used interchangeably. Density is mass per unit volume, whereas unit weight is force per unit volume. In this standard, density is given only in SI units. After the density has been determined, the unit weight is calculated in SI or inch-pound units, or both.1.2.5 Calculations are done using only one set of units; either SI or gravitational inch-pound. Other units are permissible provided appropriate conversion factors are used to maintain consistency of units throughout the calculations, and similar significant digits or resolution, or both are maintained.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

5.1 This practice determines potentially effective microbicides for use in cooling water systems using cooling water and deposits/biofilm obtained from the field. The addition of deposits/biofilms addresses the need to include the major source of microorganisms in cooling water systems. Even with this addition, laboratory results may not be totally predictive of microbicidal effectiveness in the field. This is because conditions in the field affecting microbicide effectiveness are difficult to mimic in the laboratory. These conditions that affect microbicide efficacy include blow-down rate, addition of makeup water, water hardness, hydrocarbon leaks, pH, sediment loading, dissolved solids, microbes in slime (biofilms), and deposits (salts, iron minerals, organics, and so forth) on surfaces. An additional factor is the difficulty in enumerating all microbes in the water due to the lack of adequate recovery media. Guidelines that address formation of and testing for surface-attached microbes (biofilms) may be found in Guide E1427, while a guideline for unconventional measurement of microbes is found in Guide E1326.1.1 This practice outlines a procedure for evaluating the efficacy of microbicides (algicides, bactericides, and fungicides) that will be used for controlling microbial growth in cooling water systems. The microbicides will be evaluated using simulated or real cooling tower water against (1) microbes from cooling water, (2) microbes in microbiological deposits (biofilms) from operating cooling systems, or (3) microorganisms known to contaminate cooling water systems, or a combination thereof. This practice should be performed by individuals familiar with microbiological techniques.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

Rapid Prototyping (RP) is a specific Life Cycle Model used to develop an information system which produces a working model of the system very quickly. The RP process shown in Fig. 1 has many similarities, and some differences from the conventional system (Waterfall Life Cycle Model) development process shown in Fig. 2. RP replaces the Requirements and Design processes of the conventional method with an iterative process of prototype refinement. Where the phases of the conventional method produce a set of documents that describe the system, RP produces a prototype. The prototype is tested and refined through several iterations, with intense interaction between system users and developers. RP is an experimental approach to system development which provides a learning device, the prototype, for users and developers. A prototype can be used as a tool for clarifying Requirements for the operational system, as a means of evaluating a design approach, or as a developing series of versions of the operational system. A prototype is sometimes used as an exact behavioral specification for an operational system which replaces it. Quality characteristics are often sacrificed during RP for the sake of rapid development and low cost; robustness, efficiency, generality, portability, and maintainability are commonly ignored but none of these aspects need to be neglected. However, documentation needed to use the system cannot be ignored but none of these aspects need to be neglected. A “Throwaway” prototype is used specifically to define Requirements which are used to implement a final system. An “Evolutionary” prototype is a prototypical system used for ongoing refinement of Requirements while operational versions at specific milestones are used in production settings. Rapid in RP means that the time between successive versions of the prototype is relatively short. It should be short enough that (1) both users and developers can remember how each version relates to the previous one without written notes, (2) user requirements do not change significantly while a version is being developed, (3) the prototyping team will remain in the project through the RP phase, and (4) total time to develop the system is acceptable. (Expected project duration should be stated in the project management planning document. See Section 6 and ANSI/IEEE 1058 and ANSI/IEEE 1074.) A few days between versions is adequate and a few weeks may be acceptable. If the time needed to produce a new version is longer, then it may be necessary to produce that version using a conventional system development method with full documentation of requirements and design (see Appendix X3). RP integrates analysis, design and construction, and defines Requirements during the process. It is especially appropriate for dealing with problems which are not well understood or are rapidly changing. The prototype focuses communication between users and developers. For large systems, a RP approach can be used at a high level to explore the overall system architecture or feasibility. It can also be used to develop subsystems and components whose requirements are not fully understood (see Section 11). RP is especially well suited for developing user-system interfaces. What to Prototype—The ill-structured system development problems that yield best to RP include: Decision support systems in areas where the state of knowledge changes rapidly, for example, research or clinical practice, Systems whose users need to access and organize data in ways not foreseen when the system is created, for example, strategic decision support and exploration of cognitive processes, Systems that consist entirely of software, Instructional or experimental systems, and User-system interfaces. Ways to use RP—Three ways that are widely used are (1) evolutionary, ( 2) experimental, and (3) build-and-replace. In evolutionary prototyping, the developers rapidly produce an initial version as a framework to learn user requirements, and then satisfy the requirements incrementally through a series of versions to produce the operational system. In experimental prototyping, the developers explore the feasibility of selected capabilities or components with a series of versions that serve to test concepts and designs. In build-and-replace prototyping, the developers assemble a series of versions to establish what the system should do and how it should do it, then the prototype is used as a behavioral specification for building the operational system. Build-and-replace is sometimes called throw-away prototyping, but the prototype should not be thrown away. 1.1 This guide covers a rapid prototyping method for developing information systems that is particularly relevant to systems for the healthcare sector. Intended readers of this guide are people who develop information systems, and students and teachers of system development methods. 1.2 Rapid prototyping is an approach to developing information systems which produce a working model more quickly than conventional approaches. Where conventional methods concentrate on preparing Requirements and design documents that describe the needed system, rapid prototyping methods concentrate on preparing a working prototype. Users and developers learn the functional requirements and an appropriate system design by interacting with a series of prototypes, each of which is rapidly produced from a starting framework or from an earlier version. A prototype can evolve into an operational system, it can serve as an exact behavioral specification of an operational system, or it can be used to explore the feasibility of a new idea or design which can be incorporated in a larger system. The method is rapid in preparing each version of the prototype, but the overall time required for system development may be more or less than the time required with conventional methods. 1.3 Rapid prototyping is most appropriate when the Requirements or design for a system are not well understood, or when experimentation is required to explore some aspect of system behavior. It is not appropriate in hazardous settings, or when the requirements are well understood. 1.4 The guide recommends use of prototyping tools, but it is not a standard for the tools themselves. It does not cover executable specification tools. Transforming a prototype that is used to clarify Requirements into an operational system is discussed briefly in Section 8 and in detail in other referenced standards (see 2.1). 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 Pumping, filtering, and tank filling of petroleum products, particularly refined distillates, can cause the generation and accumulation of electrostatic charges and can result in static discharges capable of causing fires and explosions. This guide provides an overview of the factors involved in the generation of such electrostatic charges. Methods are described for the alleviation of the problem, and cited authoritative references contain more details.4.2 This guide is not intended to provide operating or safety rules for the handling of petroleum products to avoid electrostatic hazards.1.1 This guide describes how static electricity may be generated in petroleum fuel systems, the types of equipment conducive to charge generation, and methods for the safe dissipation of such charges. This guide is intended to increase awareness of potential operating problems and hazards resulting from electrostatic charge accumulation.1.2 This guide is not intended to provide specific solutions but indicates available techniques the user may wish to investigate to alleviate electrostatic charges. This guide does not cover the effects of stray currents or of lightning, either of which can also produce sparks leading to fires or explosions.1.3 This guide is not intended to address detailed safety practices associated with static electricity in petroleum product systems.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This specification covers the format and content of digitally recorded voice data files and their identifying data. The object is to enable transfer between independent digital dictation systems and workstations, regardless of manufacturer and protocols for ensuring reliability. This specification is specifically targeted for the definition of a message encapsulating both the data elements and actual voice file encoded in a standard compression algorithm. The digital voice file format is Resource Interchange File Format (RIFF). Different digital voice file format shall be: PCM; ITU/CCITT A Law; ITU/CCITT mu Law; OKI ADPCM; IMA (DVI) ADPCM; TrueSpeech; and GSM 610. This specification is specifically targeted for the definition of a message encapsulating both the data elements and actual voice file encoded in a standard compression algorithm.1.1 This specification covers the format and content of digitally recorded voice data files and their identifying data. The object is to enable transfer between independent digital dictation systems and workstations, regardless of manufacturer and protocols for ensuring reliability. This specification does not cover the transmission of voice data files and their identifying data within digital dictation systems and workstations or their transcription into text files.1.2 This specification may be applied to either the transmission of data over medium- to high-speed data communication networks or to the transmission of data by recording on, and later playing back from, magnetic or optical digital storage media. It defines the blocked stream of data, called a message, which is transmitted over a network connection or recorded on a storage medium. It does not define the hardware or software network protocols or storage media formats needed for message transmission (for example, see ISO 8072-1986) or the formats used to store data internally by the sender or receiver.1.3 Since some standardization in storage media format and network protocols would help to promote the exchange of data between computer systems with diverse hardware and software, it is suggested that readily available universal media and formats be used for data exchange when possible.1.4 Any considerations regarding the security of the digital dictation file or its components as defined herein are outside the scope of this specification. Such measures as encryption of files (either at rest or in transit), authentication of users or originators, assignment and control of file access permissions, and backup or recovery of files which may be necessary to meet institutional policies or governmental regulations are not addressed in this specification. Guidance for security of dictated health records can be found in Guide E 1902.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The success or failure of any attempt to forcefully penetrate a fence system is dependent upon three primary factors that collectively define the threat—the tools and devices employed, the number of aggressors, and their level of sophistication.5.2 Normally, a test procedure of this scope would be supported by years of laboratory testing intended to qualify and accurately reproduce the destructive effects of a variety of tools, implements, and devices. However, rapidly changing social conditions have created an immediate need for building components resistant to evolving forced entry techniques. Accordingly, the procedures presented herein are based more on field experience than laboratory analysis. They are more representative than inclusive, are intended to provide a basis for the comparative evaluation of different fence systems using forced penetration procedures, ballistic tests and impact testing, and are not primarily intended to be used to establish or confirm the absolute prevention of forced entries.5.3 The test requirements specified herein have been established for use in evaluating the penetration resistance characteristics of standard fence systems to be used in commercial, government and military installations.5.3.1 The success of any forced entry threat is dependent on the cumulative effect of the implements used, the elapsed time, and the sophistication and motivation of the personnel affecting the forced entry.5.3.2 Absolute penetration resistance from forced entry by a determined and well-equipped attack group is impossible.5.3.3 Aggressor groups range from unsophisticated criminals and vandals to organized criminals.5.3.4 Attempts to force an entry may be thwarted by increasing the time necessary to affect such an entry and by early detection. Intrusion sensors positioned as far as possible from the protected environment in conjunction with optimal structural and component design will maximize the time available for a response force to intercept the intruders.5.4 The procedures of this test method are intended to evaluate the time necessary for vandals and unsophisticated criminals to forcefully penetrate security fence systems by using manually operated tools—defined as a low, medium, or aggressive forced entry threat.1.1 The forced entry resistance of fence systems is evaluated relative to three levels of forced entry threat using the limited hand tool inventory outlined in Table 1. It also establishes a system for rating the forced entry resistance of those systems (see Table 2). The tools specified to be used for testing at each threat level are those that are known to have a maximum destructive effect on structures and their sub-assemblies and are readily available to aggressors categorized as posing that level of threat.1.1.1 Low Threat Level (L)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the low (L) threat level category are power tools (gasoline, electric or hydraulic), and devices requiring more than one person to transport and operate.1.1.2 Medium Threat Level (M)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the medium (M) threat level category are power tools requiring an outside power source or self contained gasoline or battery driven tools and devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.1.1.3 Aggressive Threat Level (A)—Specifically exempted from the inventory of available tools for the high (H) threat level category are devices requiring more than two persons to transport and operate.1.2 The ability of a fence system to offer protection from bullets fired from a rifle or handgun would be beneficial particularly in Border Fence areas where security personnel can be targets during patrol activities. Accordingly, a limited test using a .38 Special handgun and a 7.62-mm rifle is performed to determine if any level of protection is provided by the fence system.1.3 The ability of a fence system to provide impact resistance from a 4000 pound mass vehicle moving at a velocity of 20 MPH at a modest cost will provide relative guidance as to the strength of a security fence system in resisting low impact situations.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This fire test response standard is designed to provide a basis for estimating one aspect of the fire exposure behavior of a floor-covering system installed in a building corridor. The test environment is intended to simulate conditions that have been observed and defined in full scale corridor experiments.5.2 The test is intended to be suitable for regulatory statutes, specification acceptance, design purposes, or development and research.5.3 The fundamental assumption inherent in the test is that critical radiant flux is one measure of the sensitivity to flame spread of floor-covering systems in a building corridor.5.4 The test is applicable to floor-covering system specimens that follow or simulate accepted installation practice. Tests on the individual elements of a floor system are of limited value and not valid for evaluation of the flooring system.5.5 In this procedure, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory test conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or the end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible by or from this test method to predict changes in the fire-test-response characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.1.1 This fire-test-response standard covers a procedure for measuring the critical radiant flux of horizontally mounted floor-covering systems exposed to a flaming ignition source in a graded radiant heat energy environment in a test chamber. A specimen is mounted over underlayment, a simulated concrete structural floor, bonded to a simulated structural floor, or otherwise mounted in a typical and representative way.1.2 This fire-test-response standard measures the critical radiant flux at flame-out. It provides a basis for estimating one aspect of fire exposure behavior for floor-covering systems. The imposed radiant flux simulates the thermal radiation levels likely to impinge on the floors of a building whose upper surfaces are heated by flames or hot gases, or both, from a fully developed fire in an adjacent room or compartment. The standard was developed to simulate an important fire exposure component of fires that develop in corridors or exitways of buildings and is not intended for routine use in estimating flame spread behavior of floor covering in building areas other than corridors or exitways. See Appendix X1 for information on proper application and interpretation of experimental results from use of this test.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes, excluding those in tables and figures, shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.1.5 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 It is essential to have the public's understanding and support for the EMS system to ensure its proper development and utilization.4.2 This guide encompasses those procedures, considerations, and resources that are necessary for a successful EMS public information, education, and relations program. Complex EMS systems may integrate or augment, or both, this guide in its entirety. Less complex systems may need to collaborate with other EMS organizations and related agencies. Responsibility for this guide will vary by level of authority, that is, state, regional, and local. (See Guide F1086.)4.3 The PIER tasks involve research, planning, production, distribution, and evaluation. Production requires significant resources and expertise and may be done most appropriately at the higher level, such as regional, state, and national levels.1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide national voluntary standards and recommendations to effectively provide emergency medical service system information and education to the public.1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Information is provided in this document and other referenced documents to assist the licensee and the licensor in analyzing the materials aspects of performance of SNF and DCSS components during extended storage. The effects of the service conditions of the first licensing period are reviewed in the license renewal process. These service conditions are highlighted and discussed in Annex A1 as factors that affect materials performance in an ISFSI. Emphasis is on the effects of time, temperature, radiation, and the environment on the condition of the SNF and the performance of components of ISFSI storage systems.5.2 The storage of SNF that is irradiated under the regulations of 10 CFR Part 50 is governed by regulations in 10 CFR Part 72. Regulatory requirements for the subsequent geologic disposal of this SNF are presently given in 10 CFR Part 60, with specific requirements for the use of Yucca Mountain as a repository being given in the regulatory requirements of 10 CFR Part 63. Between the life-cycle phases of storage and disposal, SNF may be transported under the requirements of 10 CFR Part 71. Therefore, in storage, it is important to acknowledge the transport and disposal phases of the life cycle. In doing this, the materials properties that are important to these subsequent phases are to be considered in order to promote successful completion of these subsequent phases in the life cycle of SNF. Retrievability of SNF (or high-level radioactive waste) is set as a requirement in 10 CFR Part 72.122(g)(5) and 10 CFR Part 72.122(l). Care should be taken in operations conducted prior to disposal, for example, storage, transfer, and transport, to ensure that the SNF is not abused and that SNF assemblies will be retrievable, the protective value of the cladding is not degraded and remains capable of serving as an active barrier to radionuclide release during transfer and transport operations. It is possible that cladding could be altered during dry storage. The hydrogen effects, fracture toughness of the cladding and the creep behavior are important parameters to be evaluated and controlled during the dry storage phase of the life cycle. These degradation mechanisms are discussed in Annex A2 and Annex A4.1.1 Part of the total inventory of commercial spent nuclear fuel (SNF) is stored in dry cask storage systems (DCSS) under licenses granted by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). The purpose of this guide is to provide information to assist in supporting the renewal of these licenses, safely and without removal of the SNF from its licensed confinement, for periods beyond those governed by the term of the original license. This guide provides information on materials behavior under conditions that may be important to safety evaluations for the extended service of the renewal period. This guide is written for DCSS containing light water reactor (LWR) fuel that is clad in zirconium alloy material and stored in accordance with the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), at an independent spent-fuel storage installation (ISFSI).2 The components of an ISFSI, addressed in this document, include the commercial SNF, canister, cask, and all parts of the storage installation including the ISFSI pad. The language of this guide is based, in part, on the requirements for a dry SNF storage license that is granted, by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), for up to 20 years. Although government regulations may differ for various nations, the guidance on materials properties and behavior given here is expected to have broad applicability.1.2 This guide addresses many of the factors affecting the time-dependent behavior of materials under ISFSI service [10 CFR Part 72.42]. These factors are those regarded to be important to performance, in license extension, beyond the currently licensed 20-year period. Examples of these factors are given in this guide and they include materials alterations or environmental conditions for components of an ISFSI system that, over time, could have significance related to safety. For purposes of this guide, a license period of an additional 20 to 80 years is assumed.1.3 This guide addresses the determination of the conditions of the spent fuel and storage cask materials at the end of the initial 20-year license period as the result of normal events and conditions. However, the guide also addresses the analysis of potential spent fuel and cask materials degradation as the result of off-normal, and accident-level events and conditions that may occur during any period.1.4 This guide provides information on materials behavior to support continuing compliance with the safety criteria, which are part of the regulatory basis, for licensed storage of SNF at an ISFSI. The safety functions addressed and discussed in this standard guide include thermal performance, radiological protection, confinement, sub-criticality, and retrievability. The regulatory basis includes 10 CFR Part 72 and supporting regulatory guides of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The requirements set forth in these documents indicate that the following items were considered in the original licensing decisions: properties of materials, design considerations for normal and off-normal service, operational and natural events, and the bases for the original calculations. These items may require reconsideration of the safety-related arguments that demonstrate how the systems continue to satisfy the regulatory requirements. Further, to ensure continued safe operation, the performance of materials must be justified in relation to the effects of time, temperature, radiation field, and environmental conditions of normal and off-normal service. Arguments for long-term performance must account for materials alterations (especially degradations) that are expected during the service periods, which include the periods of the initial license and of the license renewal. This guide pertains only to structures, systems, and components important to safety during extended storage period and during retrieval functions, including transport and transfer operations. Materials information that pertains to safety functions, including retrieval functions, is pertinent to current regulations and to license renewal process, and this information is the focus of the guide. This guide is not intended to supplant the existing regulatory process.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 843元 / 折扣价： 717 元 加购物车

4.1 Intended Use—The intended use of this guide is to provide general information to practitioners in the fields of vegetative (green) roof design and construction. The guide encourages innovative but responsible vegetative (green) roof design, with a focus on performance and quality assurance. Numerical ranges, practical minimums, and benchmarks that are incorporated in the guide are intended for reference. Design requirements for specific projects vary and, therefore, qualified professionals may prepare designs with features that may vary from the recommendations contained in the guide. In all instances, vegetative (green) roof system designs shall conform to the applicable code requirements of federal, state, provincial, or local agencies with jurisdiction.4.2 Users—Users of this guide include: planners, developers, architects, landscape architects, engineers, general contractors, subcontractors, owners, facility managers, financial organizations related to building industry, building materials and product manufacturers, government agencies including building officials, and other building professionals.1.1 This guide identifies terminology, principles, and fundamental concepts including those related to sustainability, technical requirements of construction, and types of vegetative (green) roof systems used on buildings.1.2 The considerations for sustainable development relative to vegetative (green) roof systems are categorized as follows: environmental, social, and economic as consistent with Guide E2432. (See Appendix X1.)1.3 This guide discusses technical requirements for vegetative (green) roof systems pertaining to the following categories: plants, media, wind scour resistance, soil reinforcement, separation or filter layers, drain layers, water retention layers, protection layers, and root penetration barriers.1.4 This guide addresses intensive and extensive vegetative (green) roof systems for roofs up to 15 % slope. Roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulation are key components of vegetative (green) roof systems, but technical requirements regarding their role in such roof systems is beyond the scope of this guide.NOTE 1: ASTM Technical Committees D08 and C16 have jurisdiction over the development of standards for roofing/waterproofing membranes and insulations, respectively. Some of their existing standards may be helpful in the evaluation of membranes and insulation used in vegetative (green) roof systems. As these two committees develop standards for such roofs, this guide will be revised appropriately.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Proper operation and maintenance of an ED/EDR system and any associated pretreatment system are key factors in obtaining optimum performance. This guide provides the necessary input data for the evaluation of the performance of the ED/EDR system, the pretreatment system, and the mechanical equipment in the plant.4.2 This guide is for general guidance only and must not be used in place of the operating manuals and manufacturer's recommendations for specific equipment or a specific application.4.3 Site dependent, equipment design and regulatory requirement factors prevent specific recommendations for all record keeping. Thus, only general record keeping relating to operation and maintenance is covered by this guide.1.1 This guide covers procedures for well defined record keeping for electrodialysis (ED) and electrodialysis reversal (EDR) systems.1.2 This guide includes a start up report and record keeping for ED/EDR and pretreatment operating and maintenance data.1.3 This guide is applicable to all waters but is not necessarily complete for waste waters.1.4 This is a guide only and should not be construed as a complete delineation of all record keeping required for a specific application.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车