定价： 878元 / 折扣价： 747 元

5.1 The information in the examples of this guide are intended to be a starting point for determining the appropriate DCT criteria for a test method that measures a temperature-dependent property of a product within the scope of Committee D02. The criteria examples noted in this guide are based on the liquid-in-glass (LiG) thermometer design components, which are the bulb length, immersion depth, precision of measurement, thermometer position, and so forth. The parameters such as sensor length, immersion depth, and sheath diameter are especially critical when measuring the temperature of small static samples. This is due in part to the difference in thermal conductivity of a LiG vs. a DCT, however other aspects of the devices can contribute to unequal results. For example a DCT that is suitable for use in a stirred constant temperature bath will likely result in measurement errors when used to measure the temperature of a small static sample. This difference can be a degree or more when the sample temperature differs from room temperature by 40 °C or more using a 7 mm probe. This error is due to the difference in thermal conductivity and specific heat value of a DCT and LiG thermometer, however other aspects of the two different devices can contribute unequal results. One way to counter this is by reducing DCT sheath diameter, insulating the sheath above the immersion level, and using a probe that has a small immersion depth as determined by Practice D7962. For more guidance on selecting an appropriate DCT, see Guide E2877.5.2 When replacing a LiG thermometer with a DCT noted in this guide and the test method does not list any DCT criteria, it is incumbent on the user to verify the suitability of the DCT they have selected. This can be done by comparing measurements made with the selected DCT to those of a LiG thermometer and following the test procedure. Comparative measurements are especially important when measuring the temperature of a small static sample where there is a large difference between sample and room temperature. Covering the DCT probe sheath except for the sensing portion with a glass, plastic, or tubing with a lower thermal conductivity can improve the agreement between LiG and DCT measurements.1.1 The intent of this guide is to suggest an initial configuration and provide guidance when establishing the appropriate criteria needed for a DCT to correctly measure the temperature in a laboratory test method for products within the scope of this committee. This guide includes examples of the approximate digital contact thermometer (DCT) criteria that was found suitable for measuring temperature in the test methods utilized by Committee D02.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 The primary use of this guide is to provide a standardized approach for the data file to be used for the transfer of digital radiological data from one user to another where the two users are working with dissimilar systems. This guide describes the contents, both required and optional for an intermediate data file that can be created from the native format of the radiological system on which the data was collected and that can be converted into the native format of the receiving radiological data analysis system. This guide will also be useful in the archival storage and retrieval of radiological data as either a data format specifier or as a guide to the data elements which should be included in the archival file.3.2 Although the recommended field listing includes more than 100 field numbers, only about half of those are regarded as essential and are marked Footnote C in Table 1. Fields so marked must be included in the data base. The other fields recommended provide additional information that a user will find helpful in understanding the radiological image and examination result. These header field items will, in most cases, make up only a very small part of a radiological examination file. The actual stream of radiological data that make up the image will take up the largest part of the data base. Since a radiological image file will normally be large, the concept of data compression will be considered in many cases. Compressed data should be noted, along with a description of the compression method, as indicated in Field No. 92 (see Table 1).(A) Field numbers are for reference only. They do not imply a necessity to include all these fields in any specific data base nor imply a requirement that fields used be in this particular order.(B) Units listed first are SI; those in parentheses are inch-pound (English).(C) Denotes essential field for computerization of examination results, regardless of examination method.(D) Denotes essential field for radiographic examination.(E) Denotes essential field for images with more than 8-bit gray scale.(F) Denotes essential field for radioscopic examination.3.3 This guide provides a data file for a single image. It is recognized that a complete examination record may contain several files for the same examination method in different areas, with or without image processing, for different examination methods, and for variations within a single method (for example, different X-ray energies). This file will permit the examination of a single image and will include information about the existence of other images and records for the examined object. This single image may be one created by overlaying or processing results from multiple examination approaches, for example, data fusion. For such images, the notes sections must clearly state how the image for this file was created.3.4 The Guide E1475 data fields are assigned at the TIFF group with Tag 50983, called Data fields of Guide E1475 using XML as format for the data fields. The tag may be used by any user without restrictions. The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a simple, very flexible text format derived from SGML (ISO 8879). It is used to store all required information of Guide E1475 within one TIFF Tag. Annex A1 provides more information and an example.1.1 This guide provides a listing and description of the fields that are recommended for inclusion in a digital radiological examination data base to facilitate the transfer of such data. This guide sets guidelines for the format of data fields for computerized transfer of digital image files obtained from radiographic, radioscopic, computed radiographic, or other radiological examination systems. The field listing includes those fields regarded as necessary for inclusion in the data base: (1) regardless of the radiological examination method (as indicated by Footnote C in Table 1), (2) for radioscopic examination (as indicated by Footnote F in Table 1), and (3) for radiographic examination (as indicated by Footnote D in Table 1). In addition, other optional fields are listed as a reminder of the types of information that may be useful for additional understanding of the data or applicable to a limited number of applications.1.2 It is recognized that organizations may have in place an internal format for the storage and retrieval of radiological examination data. This guide should not impede the use of such formats since it is probable that the necessary fields are already included in such internal data bases, or that the few additions can easily be made. The numerical listing and its order indicated in this guide is only for convenience; the specific numbers and their order carry no inherent significance and are not part of the data file.1.3 Current users of Guide E1475 do not have to change their software. First time users should use the XML structure of Table A1.1 for their data.1.4 The types of radiological examination systems that appear useful in relation to this guide include radioscopic systems as described in Guide E1000, Practices E1255, E1411, E2597, E2698 and E2737, and radiographic systems as described in Guide E94 and Practices E748, E1742, E2033, E2445, and E2446. Many of the terms used are defined in Terminology E1316.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Reference images for tin bronze and related alloy castings are intended to be used as a guide to the recognition of common discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and severity level. Discontinuity types most common to these alloys are illustrated. For reference, descriptions of typical casting discontinuities and corresponding image indication types are contained in Section 5. Purchasers and suppliers may, by mutual agreement, select particular discontinuity categories (see 1.2) to serve as standards representing minimum levels of acceptability (see Sections 6 and 7).4.2 Reference images represented by this standard may be used, as agreed upon in a purchaser supplier agreement, for energy levels, thicknesses, or both, outside the range of this standard when determined applicable for the casting service application. Section 9 addresses purchaser supplier requisites where weld repairs may be required.4.3 Procedures for evaluation of production images using applicable reference images of this standard are prescribed in Section 8; however, there may be manufacturing-purchaser issues involving specific casting service applications where it may be appropriate to modify or alter such requirements. Where such modifications may be appropriate for the casting application, all such changes shall be called-out in the purchaser supplier agreement or contractual document.4.4 The following ASTM specifications illustrate alloys covered by these standards; however, it is intended that these reference images also apply to related government and commercial material specifications:Valve bronze castings B61AComposition bronze or ounce metal castings B62BTin bronze sand castings B584Leaded red brass sand castings B584Copper-base alloy centrifugal castings (as applicable) B271(A) Similar to MIL-B-16541.(B) Similar to MIL-B-16444.1.1 These digital reference images illustrate various categories, types and severity levels of discontinuities occurring in tin bronze and related alloy castings. The digital reference images are an adjunct to this document and must be purchased separately from ASTM International if needed (see Section 2). Categories and severity levels for each discontinuity type represented by these digital reference images are described in 1.2.NOTE 1: The basis of application for these reference images requires a prior purchaser supplier agreement of radiographic examination attributes and classification criterion described in Sections 4, 6, and 7 of this standard.1.2 These digital reference images consist of 22 21/2 by 51/2-in. (63.5 by 139.7-mm) nominal size reproductions originally exposed with low voltage X-rays. Fifteen of these images were produced with 1 in. (25.4 mm) plate castings and seven (sand inclusions, inserts, chaplets) were produced with 3/4-in. plate castings originally derived for NAVSHIPS 250-537-1 and -2. The 1-in. plate castings address gas porosity, linear shrinkage, and feathery shrinkage discontinuity types. The original radiographs illustrate discontinuities in sand cast 88:8:4 Cu-Sn-Zn, “G” type, bronze alloy plates and are representative of those found in wide solidification range copper-tin base alloys. The categories, types and severity levels for the adjunct digital reference images of this standard are shown in 1.2.1 to 1.2.5:1.2.1 Category A—Gas porosity; severity levels 1 through 5 for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.2 Category B—Sand inclusions; severity levels 1 through 5 for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.3 Category C—Shrinkage; two types:1.2.3.1 Ca—Linear shrinkage; severity levels 1 through 5 for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).1.2.3.2 Cd—Feathery and spongy shrinkage (see Note 2); severity levels 1 through 5 for thicknesses up to and including 2 in. (50.8 mm).NOTE 2: The feathery shrinkage discontinuity type is used to illustrate aggregate severity levels for either feathery or spongy shrinkage discontinuity types (see 5.1).1.2.4 Category D—Hot tear; one illustration.1.2.5 Category E—Inserts, chaplets; one illustration.1.3 All areas of this standard may be subject to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.1.4 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types and degrees of discontinuities found in tin bronze castings when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of tin bronze castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E310.1.5 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production examination. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes (see Note 3).NOTE 3: The digital reference images consist of a set of digital image files, software to load the desired format, and specific instructions on the loading process. The 22 reference images illustrate four categories of graded discontinuities (1.2.1 (Gas porosity), 1.2.2 (Sand inclusion), 1.2.3.1 (Linear shrinkage), and 1.2.3.2 (Feathery shrinkage)) and two categories of ungraded discontinuities (1.2.4 (Hot tear) and 1.2.5 (Inserts)) and contain an image of a step wedge. Available from ASTM International Headquarters, Order No: RRE3185.1.6 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

This test method is useful for measuring the wall thickness of plastic vessels and other plastic structures where the geometry of the equipment does not permit direct measurement by conventional methods, such as micrometers, calipers, and rulers. This test method is not limited to plastics and can be used for all nonmagnetic materials. It provides for a rapid and accurate thickness measurement, without the need for drilling and repair of holes.Accuracies are not affected by density variations, permitting the measurement of composites made up of a variety of materials of varying densities. By placement of the magnetic source on the mold surface, thickness measurements can be made during and after fabrication of plastic products to verify thickness and adherence to specifications.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of thickness of any nonmagnetic material by means of a digital magnetic intensity instrument.Note 1The instrument on which this test method is based is no longer sold or serviced.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.2 There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Density is a fundamental physical property that may be used in conjunction with other properties to characterize the quality of crude oils.5.2 The density or relative density of crude oils is used for the conversion of measured volumes to volumes at the standard temperatures of 15 °C or 60 °F and for the conversion of crude mass measurements into volume units.5.3 The application of the density result obtained from this test method, for fiscal or custody transfer accounting calculations, may require measurements of the water and sediment contents obtained on similar specimens of the crude oil parcel.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the density, relative density, and API gravity of crude oils that may be handled in a normal fashion as liquids at test temperatures between 15 °C and 35 °C utilizing either manual or automated sample injection equipment. This test method applies to crude oils with high vapor pressures provided appropriate precautions are taken to prevent vapor loss during transfer of the sample to the density analyzer.1.2 This test method was evaluated in interlaboratory study testing using crude oils in the 0.75 g/mL to 0.95 g/mL range. Lighter crude oil may require special handling to prevent vapor losses.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Other units of measurement are included in this standard. The accepted units of measurement of density are grams per millilitre and kilograms per cubic metre.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Values of density are used for converting volumes to units of mass and for correcting measured volumes at the measured temperature to a standard temperature using Practice D4311/D4311M.NOTE 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative density and density of semi-solid asphalt materials, asphalt binders, asphalt cements, and soft-tar pitches by use of a digital density meter (U-tube).NOTE 1: Alternate methods for determining the density of semi-solid and solid asphalt materials and asphalt binders include Test Methods D3289, D3142/D3142M, and D70/D70M.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. No other units of measurement are included in this standard, with the exception of temperature measurements. Units provided in degrees Fahrenheit are for reference purposes only. Temperatures given in degrees Celsius are to be considered standard.1.3 This test method should not be applied to petroleum distillates other than asphalt and asphalt binders. For the determination of density of all other petroleum distillates and viscous oils, use Test Method D4052 or D5002, or ISO 12185.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of eddy current NDE test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provide a standard means to organize eddy current test parameters and results. The eddy current examination results may be displayed or analyzed on any device that conforms to the standard. Personnel wishing to view any eddy current examination data stored according to Practice E2339 may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

4.1 Personnel utilizing reference radiographs to this standard shall be qualified to perform radiographic interpretation in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties. If assistance is needed with interpreting specifications and product requirements as applied to the reference radiographs, a certified Level III shall be consulted before accept/reject decisions are made (if the Level III is the radiographic interpreter, this may be the same person).4.2 These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities.4.2.1 Graded Discontinuities: 4.2.1.1 Gas holes, sponge shrinkage, dendritic shrinkage, less dense foreign material(1) The images of the 1/8-in (3.2-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1/4-in (6.3-mm). The images of the 3/8-in (9.5-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over 1/4-in (6.4-mm), up to and including 1/2-in (12.7-mm). The images of the 3/4-in (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range of over 1/2-in (12.7-mm), up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).4.2.1.2 Cavity Shrinkage, Filamentary Shrinkage: (1) The images of the 3/4-in (19.1-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).4.2.2 Ungraded Discontinuities: 4.2.2.1 The images of the 3/8-in (9.5-mm) castings are intended to be used in the thickness range up to and including 1-in. (25.4-mm).4.3 Image Deterioration—Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of the images could be influenced.4.4 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities.1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjunct to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in thin-wall steel investment castings.2 Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the adjunct digital reference images which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of thin-wall steel casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination.1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications, and drawings.1.2 Two illustration categories are covered as follows:1.2.1 Graded—Six common discontinuity types each illustrated in eight degrees of progressively increasing severity.1.2.2 Ungraded—Twelve single illustrations of additional discontinuity types and of patterns and imperfections not generally regarded as discontinuities.1.3 The reference radiographs were developed for casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm) in thickness.1.4 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.NOTE 1: The set of digital reference images consists of 16 digital files, software to load the desired format, and specific instructions on the loading process. The 16 reference images illustrate eight grades of severity in six common discontinuity types and twelve ungraded discontinuities and contain an image of a step wedge and two duplex-wire gauges. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order number RRE2660. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire pair details.1.5 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of thin-wall investment castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E192.1.7 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

3.1 This terminology includes general as well as discipline-specific definitions as they apply across the spectrum of image analysis, computer forensics, video analysis, forensic audio, and facial identification.1.1 This is a compilation of terms and corresponding definitions used in the examination of digital and multimedia evidence to include the areas of computer forensics, image analysis, video analysis, forensic audio, and facial identification.1.2 Legal or scientific terms that generally are understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources may not be included.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the transfer of NDE data between systems will use this standard. This practice will define a set of NDE information object definitions that along with the DICOM standard will provide a standard means to organize image data. Once conformance statements have been generated, the NDE image data may be displayed on any imaging/analysis device that conforms to the standard. This process of developing conformance statements with both the NDE specific object definitions and the DICOM accepted definitions, will provide a means to automatically and transparently communicate between compliant equipment without loss of information.NOTE 1: Knowledge and understanding of the existing DICOM standard will be required to generate conformance statements and thereby facilitate the data transfer.1.1 This practice facilitates the interoperability of NDE imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data in commonly accepted terms. This practice represents a harmonization of NDE imaging systems, or modalities, with the NEMA Standards Publication titled Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM, see http://medical.nema.org), an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage and archival. In addition, this practice will provide a standard set of industrial NDE specific information object definitions, which travel beyond the scope of standard DICOM modalities. The goal of this practice is to provide a standard by which NDE image/signal data may be displayed on by any system conforming to the ASTM DICONDE format, regardless of which NDE modality was used to acquire the data.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when archiving or analyzing the data from a variety of NDE techniques, each using proprietary data acquisition systems. As data acquisition modalities evolve, data acquired in the past must remain decipherable. This practice proposes an image data file format in such a way that all the technique parameters, along with the image file, are preserved, regardless of changes in NDE technology. This practice will also permit the viewing of a variety of image types (CT, CR, Ultrasonic, Infrared, and Eddy Current) on a single workstation, maintaining all of the pertinent technique parameters along with the image file. This practice addresses the exchange of digital information between NDE imaging equipment.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A complete description of all the information necessary to implement the DICONDE standard for an imaging modality. This document must be used in conjunction with one of the method-specific DICONDE Standard Practice documents and the DICOM Standard to completely describe all the requirements necessary to implement the DICONDE standard for an imaging modality. See 2.1 of this document for a current list of the method-specific standard practice documents.1.3.2 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard. Best practices for demonstrating conformance can be found in Practice E3147.1.3.3 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.4 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE or DICOM conformance.1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI units required by this practice are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

This specification covers the use of digital signatures to provide authentication of healthcare information. It describes how the components of a digital signature system meet specified requirements, including specification of allowable signature and hash algorithms, management of public and private keys, and specific formats for keys, certificates, and signed healthcare documents. This specification, however, does not prescribe any particular policy regarding which documents shall be authenticated, and by whom.1.1 This specification covers the use of digital signatures to provide authentication of healthcare information, as described in Guide E 1762. It describes how the components of a digital signature system meet the requirements specified in Guide E 1762. This includes specification of allowable signature and hash algorithms, management of public and private keys, and specific formats for keys, certificates, and signed healthcare documents.1.2 This specification should be read in conjunction with Guide E 1762, which describes the scope of, and requirements for, authentication of healthcare information. This specification describes one implementation (digital signatures) that meets all of the requirements of Guide E 1762. It does not prescribe any particular policy regarding which documents shall be authenticated, and by whom.

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5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of ultrasonic test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provides a standard means to organize ultrasonic test parameters and results. The ultrasonic test results may be displayed and analyzed on any device that conforms to this standard. Personnel wishing to view any ultrasonic inspection data stored in DICONDE format may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of ultrasonic imaging equipment by specifying image data transfer and archival storage methods in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339. Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052 (DICOM, see http://medical.nema.org), an international standard for image data acquisition, review, transfer, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE test results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and data dictionary that are specific to ultrasonic test methods.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from ultrasonic test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the ultrasonic technique parameters and test results are communicated and stored in a standard format regardless of changes in digital technology.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard.1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance.1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.1.4 Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The SI units required by this practice are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to provide an understanding of the wide range of communication protocols standards, allowing the user to understand better their applicability to shipboard networks and marine platform computerized systems. For computerized networks and systems, communication protocols are necessary for integrating various system devices, providing functionality between dissimilar subnetworks, or for enabling remote connections, either pier side or through geophysical communication technologies.4.2 The wide variety and scope of digital communication protocol standards adds greatly to the complex decision process for specifying compatible protocols for system applications and related devices for the myriad of potential shipboard systems. However, the user must identify the initial networking requirements, so once the network protocols under evaluation are well understood, the decision process should determine the appropriate network protocols. Therefore, this guide is intended to reduce the complexity involved with protocol selection and implementation.4.3 Network protocols define an agreed, quantifiable entity, or set of rules, by which user computers, system networks, and internetworking devices communicate and exchange information. Communication protocols specify essential networking guidelines, such as physical interface connections, or data format and control operations between two communicating computers. Ship and marine digital communication protocol requirements are no different than their land-based networked counterparts. Both require standardized protocol selection, in various protocol categories, including LAN standards, WAN protocols, LAN/WAN protocols, network management, wiring hub configurations/operations, hardware platforms, operating systems, and network applications.1.1 The principal content of this guide provides a road map to implement a communication network applicable to ship and marine computer systems by:1.1.1 Examining the relationship of digital communication protocols as a network technological infrastructure,1.1.2 Outlining the basic building blocks of network topologies and transmission techniques associated with the implementation of transmission media in a network environment; and,1.1.3 Identifying operating system and environments.1.2 Using the Open System Interconnection (OSI) model, which provides a layered approach to network functionality and evaluation, common network communications protocols are identified and characterized in this guide according to lower and upper layer protocols corresponding to their degree and type of functionality.1.3 Although it is desirable that network users, designers, and administrators recognize and understand every possible networking protocol, it is not possible to know the intimate details of every protocol specification. Accordingly, this guide is not intended to address fully every hardware and software protocol ever developed for commercial use, which spans a period of about 25 years. Instead, the user of this guide will be introduced to a brief overview of the majority of past and present protocols which may comprise a ship or marine internetwork, to include Local Area Networks (LANs), Wide Area Networks (WANs), and related hardware and software that provide such network interoperability and data transfer.1.4 While this guide provides an understanding of the wide range of communication protocols, the user is recommended to consult the reference material for acquiring a more comprehensive understanding of individual communication protocols. However, by examining the basic functions of protocols and reviewing the protocol characterization criteria identified in this guide, the user will be more apt to understanding other protocols not mentioned or addressed herein.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Personnel utilizing reference radiographs to this standard shall be qualified to perform radiographic interpretation in accordance with a nationally or internationally recognized NDT personnel qualification practice or standard and certified by the employer or certifying agency, as applicable. The practice or standard used and its applicable revision shall be identified in the contractual agreement between the using parties. If assistance is needed with interpreting specifications and product requirements as applied to the reference radiographs, a certified Level III shall be consulted before accept/reject decisions are made (if the Level III is the radiographic interpreter, this may be the same person).4.2 These digital reference images are intended for reference only, but are designed such that acceptance standards, which may be developed for particular requirements, can be specified in terms of these digital reference images. The illustrations are digital images of castings that were produced under conditions designed to develop the discontinuities.4.2.1 Applicability of Thickness Designations: 4.2.1.1 The discontinuity types, illustrated thickness and applicable thickness range are summarized in Table 1 for the Volume I images and in Table 2 for the Volume II images.4.3 Image Deterioration—Many conditions can affect the appearance and functionality of digital reference images. For example, electrical interference, hardware incompatibilities, and corrupted files and drivers may affect their appearance. The Practice E2002 line pair gauges located in each digital reference image can be used as an aid to detect image deterioration by comparing the measured resolution using the gauges to the resolution stated on the digital reference image. Do not use the digital reference images if their appearance has been adversely affected such that the interpretation and use of the images could be influenced.4.4 Agreement should be reached between cognizant engineering organization and the supplier that the system used by the supplier is capable of detecting and classifying the required discontinuities.1.1 The digital reference images provided in the adjuncts to this standard illustrate various types and degrees of discontinuities occurring in titanium castings.2 Use of this standard for the specification or grading of castings requires procurement of the appropriate adjunct digital reference images, which illustrate the discontinuity types and severity levels. They are intended to provide the following:1.1.1 A guide enabling recognition of titanium casting discontinuities and their differentiation both as to type and degree through digital radiographic examination.1.1.2 Example digital radiographic illustrations of discontinuities and a nomenclature for reference in acceptance standards, specifications and drawings.1.2 The digital reference images consist of twenty-five digital files each illustrating eight grades of increasing severity. The Volume I files illustrate seven common discontinuity types representing casting sections up to 1 in. (25.4 mm). The Volume II files illustrate five discontinuity types representing casting sections over 1 in. (25.4 mm) to 2 in. (50.8 mm) in thickness.1.3 All areas of this standard may be open to agreement between the cognizant engineering organization and the supplier, or specific direction from the cognizant engineering organization. These items should be addressed in the purchase order or the contract.NOTE 1: The digital reference images are available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order number RRE2669 and RRE266902. Each of the digital reference images contain an image of a step density scale and two duplex-wire gauges. Refer to Practice E2002 for wire pair details. Originally, only Volume I images were available and some sets may identify these only as RRE2669 without a volume designation. They remain valid for use as Volume I images.1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 These digital reference images are not intended to illustrate the types or degrees of discontinuities when performing film radiography. If performing film radiography of titanium castings, refer to Reference Radiographs E1320.1.6 Only licensed copies of the software and images shall be utilized for production inspection. A copy of the ASTM/User license agreement shall be kept on file for audit purposes.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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