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定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元

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定价： 481元 / 折扣价： 409 元 加购物车

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5.1 The user-level calibration process may be used to verify that the DF tester is functioning properly, that it is within manufacturer specifications, and to perform minor adjustments to bring the unit back into conformance with manufacturer specifications.5.2 The DF tester user-level calibration described herein does not eliminate all error sources, nor does it guarantee the proper operation of the device. Several adjustments and repairs are beyond the scope of this standard, and manufacturer-approved calibrations are still recommended on an annual basis.1.1 This test method describes the equipment and procedure to ensure that the calibration performed by various dynamic friction tester (DF tester) users is uniform and in accordance with manufacturer specifications. There are three models of the DF tester in use: (1) USB/personal computer, (2) controller, and (3) X-Y plotter. Procedures specific to the different models are noted. User-level calibration software is separate from the operation software and must be obtained from the manufacturer for the USB/personal computer model.1.2 This test method is a static calibration of the vertical load, friction (µ) force, and speed of the DF tester. Compliance to this user-level calibration procedure ensures a higher level of repeatable and reproducible performance of the DF tester when used in accordance with Test Method E1911.1.3 The user-level calibration doesn’t include the replacement of the mu spring or the adjustment of linearity of the DF tester. It is recommended that DF testers be inspected by a manufacturer-approved laboratory on an annual basis to replace the mu spring, ensure linearity, and to identify other non user-serviceable wear.1.4 The values stated in SI (metric) units are to be regarded as standard. The inch-pound equivalents are rationalized, rather than exact mathematical conversions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车

5.1 This test procedure provides a method of evaluating the frictional torque and friction factor of hip replacement bearings.5.2 The procedure may be used as a standardized method of measuring friction to investigate the effects of specific test parameters such as hip materials, sizes, designs, radial or diametral clearance, different lubricants, different deformation levels of the acetabular cup, clamping (non-uniform sphericity), damaged/scratched bearings, artificial ageing, misalignments during installation, etc.5.3 Friction torque, and in particular the maximum value, is useful to assess the applicable torques that may compromise fixation, or even risk disassociation of modular components in the acetabular cup or liner/shell assemblies through a lever-out or torsion-out mechanism.5.4 Friction factor is a useful parameter for comparison of materials and designs, and provides insights into the lubrication regime operating in the implant system. Friction factor measurement may also be able to detect acetabular liner deformation (clamping referred to earlier).5.5 The loading and motion of a hip replacement in vivo differ from the loading and the motion defined in this standard. The amount of frictional forces in vivo will, in general, differ from the frictional forces evaluated by this standard test method. The results obtained from this test method cannot be used to directly predict in vivo performance. However, this standard is designed to allow for in-vitro comparisons for different hip designs, when tested under similar conditions.5.6 Although this test method can be used to investigate the many variables listed in 1.2 and 5.2, it does not either provide a method to determine beforehand the combination of these variables that will produce the worst-case couple(s) among a range of sizes; the worst-case testing condition(s) for “normal” or “adverse” conditions; or provide specific methods to deform the acetabular cup, simulate Mode 3 wear conditions (for example, third-body particles, scratched heads), or artificially aged materials. As these methods are not included in the standard and if they are to become the subject of the investigation then it is up to the user to justify the couple(s) selected and method(s) used in the test and, if necessary, provide a rationale for how the “worst-case” couple(s) and method(s) were selected to represent clinically relevant “normal” and “adverse” conditions as part of the report.1.1 This test procedure provides a method of determining the frictional torque and friction factor of artificial hip joint bearings used in total hip replacement (THR) systems under laboratory conditions using a reciprocal friction simulator. This test method specifies the angular movement between the articulating components, the pattern of applied force, and the way data can be measured and analyzed.1.2 Many variables can be investigated using this test method including, but not limited to, the effect of head size, different inclination/version angles, different deformation levels of the acetabular cup, bearing clearances, lubrication, scratched heads, and artificial ageing.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 This test procedure provides a method of evaluating the frictional torque and friction factor of artificial hip joint bearings under the stated in-vitro test conditions.5.2 Friction is not simply a materials property. The specimen system and the effects on its friction are multi-factorial, including the materials and processing of the components, the design and assembly of the components, the test parameters, and environmental factors (lubricant, temperature, etc.).5.3 The procedure may be used as a standardized method of measuring friction for a particular system, or as a method of investigating the effects of specific test parameters such as hip sizes, designs, radial clearance, different lubricants, clamping (nonuniform sphericity), misalignments during installation, etc.5.4 The procedure may be used to study the variation of friction with time as the specimens wear, which is particularly useful for samples that undergo a transition from “run-in” to “steady-state” wear behavior. Since the motion and load waveforms are identical to those specified in ISO 14242-1:2014, standardized friction and wear measurements may be combined and viewed in the correct perspective where they affect each other.5.5 Frictional torque, and in particular the maximum value, are useful to assess the torques that may compromise fixation, or cause disassociation of modular components in acetabular cup or liner/shell assemblies through a lever-out or torsion-out mechanism.5.6 Friction factor is a useful parameter for comparison of materials and designs, and provides insights into the lubrication regime operating in the implant system. Friction factor measurement may also be able to detect acetabular liner deformation (clamping referred to earlier).1.1 This test procedure provides a method of evaluating the frictional torque and friction factor of artificial hip joint bearings used in Total Hip Replacement systems. The method presented here was based on a published study, first as a conference paper in 2008 (1)2 and then as a peer-reviewed journal paper (2). The method is compatible with and is capable of being carried out during actual wear testing of total hip replacement implants on wear simulators equipped with multiple degrees of freedom force and moment sensors.1.2 Although the methodology described does not replicate all physiological loading conditions, it is a means of in-vitro comparison of the frictional torque and friction factor of artificial hip joint bearings used in Total Hip Replacement systems under the stated test conditions.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

定价： 156元 / 折扣价： 133 元

5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.NOTE 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车