5.1 The heavy metals, lead and cadmium, are known to cause serious health effects in man if consumed in excess. It is, therefore, important to measure the amount that may be extracted from an area of the glass drinking vessel in contact with the lip. Even though the amount of lead and cadmium extracted by this test method is in no way representative of the amount of the metals extracted by actual lip contact, the relative magnitude of metals extracted from one test specimen in relation to another test specimen provides an effective tool for discrimination.1.1 This test method covers the determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from the lip and rim area of glassware used for drinking and which is exteriorly decorated with ceramic glass enamels. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead and cadmium from the decorated area and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such glassware. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium.NOTE 1: For additional information see Test Method C738.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers solder metal alloys used as solders for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points. The solder alloy shall conform to the required chemical compositions of cadmium, zinc, tin, lead, antimony, silver, copper, aluminum, bismuth, arsenic, iron, nickel and magnesium. The solder paste shall conform to the required smoothness of textures, powder mesh size, and viscosity.1.1 This specification covers solder metal alloys (commonly known as soft solders), including zinc-aluminum, zinc-aluminum-copper, zinc-tin, zinc-tin-copper, zinc-cadmium-tin, zinc-cadmium, tin-zinc, cadmium-zinc, cadmium-zinc-silver, and cadmium-silver, used as solders for the purpose of joining together two or more metals at temperatures below their melting points.1.1.1 Certain alloys specified in this standard are also used as Thermal Spray Wire in the electronics industry and are covered for this purpose in Specification B943. Specification B833 covers Zinc and Zinc Alloy Wire for Thermal Spraying (Metallizing) used primarily for the corrosion protection of steel (as noted in Annex A1 of this specification).1.1.2 Tin base alloys are included in this specification because their use in the electronics industry is different than the major use of the tin and lead solder compositions specified in Specification B32.1.1.3 These solders include alloys having a nominal liquidus temperature not exceeding 850°F (455°C).1.1.4 This specification includes solder in the form of solid bars, ingots, wire, powder and special forms, and in the form of solder paste.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 Toxicity—Warning—Soluble and respirable forms of cadmium may be harmful to human health and the environment in certain forms and concentrations. Therefore, ingestion and inhalation of cadmium should be controlled under the appropriate regulations of the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Cadmium-containing alloys and coatings should not be used on articles that will contact food or beverages, or for dental and other equipment that is normally inserted in the mouth. Similarly, if articles using cadmium-containing alloys or coatings are welded, soldered, brazed, ground, flame-cut, or otherwise heated during fabrication, adequate ventilation must be provided to maintain occupational cadmium exposure below the OSHA Permissible Exposure Level (PEL).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to become familiar with all hazards including those identified in the appropriate Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for this product/material as provided by the manufacturer, to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices, and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead, in homogeneous polymeric materials. The test method may be used to ascertain the conformance of the product under test to manufacturing specifications. Typical time for a measurement is 5 to 10 min per specimen, depending on the specimen matrix and the capabilities of the EDXRF spectrometer.1.1 This test method describes an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometric procedure for identification and quantification of chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.1.2 This test method is not applicable to determine total concentrations of polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) or hexavalent chromium. This test method cannot be used to determine the valence states of atoms or ions.1.3 This test method is applicable for a range from 20 mg/kg to approximately 1 wt % for chromium, bromine, cadmium, mercury, and lead in polymeric materials.1.4 This test method is applicable for homogeneous polymeric material.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.1.6 This test method is not applicable to quantitative determinations for specimens with one or more surface coatings present on the analyzed surface; however, qualitative information may be obtained. In addition, specimens less than infinitely thick for the measured X rays, must not be coated on the reverse side or mounted on a substrate.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the basic performance requirements and associated test methods for eight grades of electrolytic or mechanical coatings of cadmium or zinc that have been followed by a chromate and baked organic coating for ferrous and nonferrous fasteners. The coatings shall be tested, and conform accordingly to requirements for thickness, corrosion resistance, and adhesion.1.1 This specification covers the basic performance requirements for an electrolytic or mechanical coating of cadmium or zinc followed by a chromate and baked organic coating for ferrous and nonferrous fasteners.1.2 There are eight grades available under this standard; four for zinc and four for cadmium.1.3 This standard is intended primarily for fasteners such as nuts, bolts, and screws that require corrosion protection.

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3.1 The data generated by this test method shall be used to determine whether low embrittling cadmium plated parts are liable to be corroded or damaged by application of the test material during routine maintenance operations.1.1 This test method is intended as a means of determining the corrosive effects of aircraft maintenance chemicals on low-embrittling cadmium plating used on aircraft high-strength steel, under conditions of total immersion by quantitative measurements of weight change.1.2 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 6, 4.1.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is applicable to non-chromate coatings that are colorless, colored, electrochemically applied or non-electrochemically applied. The zinc or cadmium, or both, may be electrodeposited, mechanically deposited, hot-dipped, rolled, or in the form of castings.4.2 Because of variables inherent in the salt-spray test which may differ from one test cabinet to another, interpretation of test results for compliance with expected performance should be specified by the purchaser.4.3 Properties such as thickness, color, luster, and ability to provide good paint adhesion are not covered in this practice, nor are the chemical composition and the method of application of these finishes.1.1 This practice covers a procedure for evaluating the protective value of chemical and electrochemical conversion coatings produced by non-chromate (chromate being defined as a compound that has chromium in the plus six oxidation state, and as such, chromium compounds in other oxidation states, such as plus three, shall not be excluded) treatments of zinc and cadmium surfaces.1.2 The protective value of a non-chromate coating is usually determined by salt-spray test and by determining whether or not the coating possesses adequate abrasion resistance when applied for that purpose.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Toxic effects of lead and cadmium are well known and release of these elements from foodware is regulated by many countries. Regulatory decisions are based on results of 24-h leaching with acetic acid because results of this test method are precise and accurate and this test method is easy to use. Concentrations of lead and cadmium extracted by food may be different from results of this method, however, because acidity, contact time, and temperature typical of consumer use are different from those of this test method.5.2 This test method is intended for application only in contamination-free settings and should be performed by well-qualified technical personnel. It is recognized that it is not a practical or appropriate method to use in a nonlaboratory environment for quality assurance and control of the ceramic process. Users are advised to use Test Method C738 (flame AAS) for purposes of the latter.1.1 This test method covers procedures for using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS) to quantitatively determine lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid at room temperature from the food-contact surface of foodware. The method is applicable to food-contact surfaces composed of silicate-based materials (earthenware, glazed ceramicware, decorated ceramicware, decorated glass, and lead crystal glass) and is capable of determining lead concentrations greater than 0.005 to 0.020 μg/mL and cadmium concentrations greater than 0.0005 to 0.002 μg/mL, depending on instrument design.1.2 This test method also describes quality control procedures to check for contamination and matrix interference during GFAAS analyses and a specific sequence of analytical measurements that demonstrates proper instrument operation during the time period in which sample solutions are analyzed.1.3 Cleaning and other contamination control procedures are described in this test method. Users may modify contamination control procedures provided that the modifications produce acceptable results and are used for both sample and quality control analyses.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements for coating of cadmium mechanically deposited on metal products. Cadmium coatings shall classified on the basis of thickness, as follows: Class 12; Class 8; and Class 5. Cadmium coatings shall be identified as Type I and Type II on the basis of supplementary treatment required. The coating shall be uniform in appearance and free of blisters, pits, nodules, flaking, and other defects that can adversely affect the function of the coating. All steel parts that have ultimate tensile strength and that contains tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding, straightening, or cold-forming operation shall be given a stress relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposition. The minimum hours to failure (appearance of white corrosion products and red rust for mechanically deposited cadmium coatings on iron and steel) of Type I and Type II coatings shall be indicated to guarantee satisfactory performance. The test specimen shall undergo adhesion, corrosion resistance, and appearance tests. The thickness of the coating shall be determined by the microscopical method, or the magnetic method, or the beta backscatter method, as applicable.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a coating of cadmium mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and including 12 μm.1.2 Mechanical deposition greatly reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores and recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently electroplated (see Appendix X3).1.3 Cadmium coatings are usually applied to provide engineering properties and corrosion resistance. The performance of a cadmium coating depends largely on its thickness and the kind of environment to which it is exposed. Without proof of satisfactory correlation, accelerated tests such as the salt spray (fog) test cannot be relied upon to predict performance in other environments, nor will these serve as comparative measures of the corrosion resistance afforded by coatings of different metals. Thus, although there is a marked superiority of cadmium coatings over zinc coatings of equal thickness in the salt spray test, this is often not the case under conditions of use, so that further testing in the service environment should be conducted.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see 1.5 and 1.6.1.5 Warning—Cadmium is toxic and must not be used in a coating for articles that can come into contact with food or beverages, or for dental or other equipment that can be inserted into the mouth. Consult appropriate agencies for regulations in this connection.1.6 Warning—Because of the toxicity of cadmium vapors and cadmium oxide fumes, cadmium-coated articles must not be used at temperatures of 320 °C and above. They must not be welded, spot-welded, soldered, or otherwise strongly heated without adequate ventilation that will efficiently remove all toxic fumes.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the standard requirements for cadmium coatings vacuum deposited with or without supplementary chromate treatment on iron and steel basis metals. The cadmium metal for the production of the coating and the resultant coating shall conform to the chemical composition requirements as shall be determined by chemical, electrochemical, spectrochemical, or X-ray fluorescence analysis. Steel parts that have been machined, ground, cold-formed, or cold-straightened shall be heat treated for stress relief before cleaning and coating. The basis metal shall undergo surface cleaning, abrasive dry blasting, and outgassing by electron bombardment with high-energy positive ions to ensure satisfactory adhesion, abrasion resistance, and corrosion resistance performance. Chromate treatment shall be done in or with special aqueous acid solutions composed of hexavalent chromium along with certain anions that act as a catalyst or film forming compound to produce continuous, smooth, protective film. Coating adhesion shall be determined either by scraping or shearing with a sharp edge, knife, or razor blade through the coating down to the basis metal; plastically deforming by clamping and bending; or any suitable procedure such as burnishing, draw, or scribe tests. Salt spray corrosion test and visual examination shall also be performed on the coatings.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a cadmium coating vacuum-deposited on iron and steel basis metals. The coating is especially beneficial to those ferrous metals, heat treated to 46HRC and higher or having an ultimate tensile strength greater than 1500 MPa, wherein protection against corrosion and appearance are important (see Appendix X1).1.2 Vacuum-deposited production items are normally free of hydrogen embrittlement, a danger when using electroplating processes for deposition. Vacuum deposition can handle large high-strength parts that cannot be conveniently mechanically plated in the rotating barrels.1.3 The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and including 12 μm (3.1) either in the as-deposited condition or with a supplementary finish (3.2).1.4  The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 9, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The determination of lead and cadmium release from porcelain enamel surfaces was formerly of interest only to manufacturers of porcelain enamel cookware and similar food service products. Food contact surfaces of these container-type products have been evaluated using a test procedure similar to Test Method C738. Recently, however, there has been a need to measure lead and cadmium release from flat or curved porcelain enamel surfaces that are not capable of being evaluated by a test similar to Test Method C738.1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from porcelain enamel surfaces.1.2 Values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are given for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 There are several test methods available to measure the lead and cadmium release from dinnerware and cookware (see Test Methods C738 and C1034 and Specification C1035). These standards are used as a control to ensure the protection of the population against a possible health hazard.4 This potential hazard arises with improperly formulated, applied, fired glazes and decorations. This test method deals specifically with ceramic tile that are intended to come in contact with food during its preparation (for example, counter top tile).1.1 This test method covers the precise determination of lead and cadmium extracted by acetic acid from glazed ceramic tile that are intended for use in areas of food preparation. The procedure of extraction may be expected to accelerate the release of lead from the glaze and to serve, therefore, as a severe test that is unlikely to be matched under the actual conditions of usage of such ceramic tile. This test method is specific for lead and cadmium.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The test for cadmium is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for cadmium in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the cadmium content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable cadmium in water and wastewater by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.2 Section 44 on Quality Control pertains to these test methods. Four test methods are included as follows:  ConcentrationRange SectionsTest Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 0.05 to 2.0 mg/L 7 to 15Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, Chelation-Extraction 5 to 200 μg/L 16 to 24Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry 1 to 100 μg/L 25 to 34Test Method D—Atomic Absorption, Graphite Furnace 2 to 10 μg/L 35 to 431.2 Test Method B can be used to determine cadmium in brines. It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.1.3 ICP-MS or ICP-AES may also be appropriate but at a higher instrument cost. See Test Methods D5673 and D1976.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversion to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These test methods for the chemical analysis of cadmium are primarily intended to test such material for compliance with compositional specifications in Specification B440. It is assumed that all who use these test methods will be trained analysts capable of performing common laboratory procedures skillfully and safely. It is expected that work will be performed in a properly equipped laboratory.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of cadmium having chemical compositions with the following limits:Element Composition, max, % Antimony 0.001Arsenic 0.003Copper 0.015Lead 0.025Silver 0.010Thallium 0.003Tin 0.010Zinc 0.0351.2 The test methods appear in the following order:  SectionsAntimony by the Rhodamine B Spectrophotometric Method  [0.0002 % to 0.0010 %] 62 – 72Arsenic by the Molybdenum Blue Spectrophotometric Method  [0.001 % to 0.005 %] 40 – 50Copper by the Neocuproine Spectrophotometric Method [0.002 % to 0.030 %]  10 – 19Copper, Lead, Silver, and Zinc by the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Method [0.004 % to 0.02 % Cu, 0.01 % to 0.05 % Pb, 0.004 % to 0.02 % Ag,  and 0.01 % to 0.05 % Zn] 51 – 61Lead by the Dithizone Spectrophotometric Method [0.001 % to 0.05  %] 20 – 29Thallium by the Rhodamine B Spectrophotometric Method  [0.0003 % to 0.005 %] 30 – 39Tin by the 8-Quinolinol Spectrophotometric Method [0.0025 % to 0.0150  %] 73 – 821.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section 6, , , and .1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating shall be 45 to 75 mass % cadmium, the remainder tin. All steel parts that have ultimate tensile strength of 1000 MPa and above and that contain tensile stresses caused by machining, grinding, straightening, or cold forming operation shall be given a stress relief heat treatment prior to cleaning and metal deposition. High-strength steels that have heavy oxide or scale shall be cleaned before application of the coating in accordance with guide B 242. Chromate treatment for Type II shall be done in a solution containing hexavalent chromium. The cadmium-tin coating shall be sufficiently adherent to the basis metal to pass the prescribed testing. Steel springs and other high-strength steel parts shall be free from hydrogen embrittlement. The coating shall be uniform in appearance and substantially free of blisters, pits, nodules, flaking and other defects that can adversely affect the function of the coating. Chemical composition of the cadmium-tin coating shall be determined when required on the purchase order by procedures given in methods E 87 or test methods E 396. The thickness of the coating shall be determined by the microscopical method, the magnetic method, or the beta backscatter method as applicable. Chromate conversion coatings of cadmium-tin both have an essentially silvery-white appearance. Adhesion of the cadmium-tin deposit to the basis metal shall be tested in a manner that is consistent with the service requirements of the coated article. Coated parts to be tested for the absence of embrittlement from cleaning shall be tested for brittle failure in accordance with a suitable method.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a coating that is a mixture of cadmium and tin mechanically deposited on metal products. The coating is provided in various thicknesses up to and including 12 μm.1.2 Mechanical deposition greatly reduces the risk of hydrogen embrittlement and is suitable for coating bores and recesses in many parts that cannot be conveniently plated electrolytically. (See Appendix X1.)1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Hydrogen is evolved during metal electrodeposition in aqueous baths. Some of this hydrogen enters parts during plating. If the absorbed hydrogen is at a level presenting embrittlement hazards to high-strength steel, it is removed by baking parts after plating to expel this hydrogen. However, the lack of plate porosity itself may block hydrogen egress. Thus, it becomes important to know both the relative amount of hydrogen absorbed and the plate porosity.5.2 This test provides a quantitative control number for cadmium plate porosity that can be used to control a cadmium plating process and the status of cadmium-plated hardware. It can also be used for plating process troubleshooting and research and development to determine the effects on plate porosity by process variables, contaminants, and materials. When used to control a critical process, control numbers for plate porosity must be determined by correlation with stress rupture specimens or other acceptable standards.5.3 There is no prime standard for plate porosity. For this reason, two ovens must be used, with tests alternated between ovens. Data from the ovens are compared to ensure no equipment change has occurred.1.1 This test method covers an electronic hydrogen detection instrument procedure for measurement of plating permeability to hydrogen. This method measures a variable related to hydrogen absorbed by steel during plating and to the hydrogen permeability of the plate during post plate baking. A specific application of this method is controlling cadmium-plating processes in which the plate porosity relative to hydrogen is critical, such as cadmium on high-strength steel.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statement, see Section 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车