1.1 This guide covers the functional elements and data records of prehospital Health Status Information Services (HSIS) needed to provide individual health status data for HSIS subscribers. When an HSIS subscriber experiences a medical emergency and becomes an EMS patient, a prehospital EMS care provider can rapidly access the individual's health status data by means of telecommunications. Access to this data will enable the EMS provider to improve patient assessment, and thereby render more appropriate treatments. This will improve the EMS provider's ability to stabilize trauma and other emergency medical conditions, and to restore and sustain vital functions, while avoiding treatments that may aggravate the severity of the medical emergency because of preexisting conditions.1.2 In addition to improving on-site assessment, this guide will facilitate improved on-line medical direction of prehospital EMS care providers, particularly for persons experiencing life threatening medical emergencies.1.3 Health status records provide a chronology of a person's health/medical data, including past diagnosis and treatments. The data in these records provide a vital link between the person experiencing a medical emergency, the EMS care provider, and subsequent emergency services. In order to provide the most informed care, EMS care providers and persons providing EMS medical direction need to be aware of the injured or ill person's health status.1.4 This guide describes the minimum requirements for compiling, updating, computerizing, and storing individual's longitudinal health status data in authorized repositories, so as to protect patient privacy and confidentiality. This guide also describes requirements for providing authorized access and rapid transmittal of the data to attending EMS care providers in medical emergencies.1.5 While this guide addresses data needed for prehospital EMS, there is also a recognized essential, but largely unmet need for similar patient health status records for emergency medical care of patients in hospital emergency departments and in definitive medical care facilities. Many development projects are in process to address this unmet need. When available, such patient records are reviewed by attending physicians, in advance of hospital emergency medical care, to quickly access patient health status data that is needed for improved patient assessment and treatment and avoidance of treatments which may be contraindicated by preexisting conditions.1.5.1 Future changes to this guide will result in health status information records for prehospital emergency medical care and analogous information systems for hospital emergency medical care, harmonized with each other and with future standards for computerized longitudinal health care patient records (see Guides E 1744 and F 1629) which are being developed by ASTM Committee E31.1.5.2 This guide describes requirements that are based on current ASTM medical informatics standards and will be updated to harmonize with future versions of these rapidly evolving standards.1.6 The scope of this guide includes harmonization of the definitions of prehospital emergency medical services data element definitions used in this guide with definitions used in other ASTM standards. The definition of data elements in this guide will be the same as the definition of the data element in other ASTM standards. In cases where a data element used in this guide does not appear in another ASTM standard, the guide will use the definition specified for federal health services information systems (4, 5).

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This specification establishes the requirements for non-essential ice detection system aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes. The term ”aeroplane” as used in this specification was originally conceived for normal category fixed wing aircraft with a certified maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 19,000 lb or less and a passenger seating configuration up to 19 as defined in the Rules. However, these standards may be more broadly applicable, and their usage should not be unnecessarily limited. The installation of a non-essential ice detector is limited to level 1, 2, 3 and 4 Aeroplanes and normal, utility, acrobatic, or commuter category Aeroplanes. This specification prohibits the installation of a non-essential ice detector as a replacement for or modification to an existing Primary or Advisory ice detection system.This specification covers the general requirements (product identification, operating conditions, installation manual, user's manual); functional requirements (intended function, performance, accessibility of controls, software); environmental requirements (operating temperature range, storage/survival temperature range, operating humidity range, operating altitude range, operating airspeed range, vibration, icing, deicing fluids, emissions of radiofrequency energy, electrical power input). Also covered by this specification are installation requirements, crew interface, system safety analysis, and operating limitations.1.1 This specification covers international standards for non-essential ice detection system aspects of airworthiness and design for aeroplanes.1.2 The term “aeroplane” is utilized in this specification as it was originally conceived for normal category fixed wing aircraft with a certified maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) of 19 000 lb or less and a passenger seating configuration up to 19 as defined in the Rules. However, these standards may be more broadly applicable and their usage should not be unnecessarily limited.1.3 The applicant for a design approval must seek the individual guidance of their respective CAA body concerning the use of this specification as part of a certification plan. For information on which CAA regulatory bodies have accepted this specification (in whole or in part) as a means of compliance to their Small Aircraft Airworthiness regulations (hereinafter referred to as “the Rules”), refer to ASTM F44 webpage (www.ASTM.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm) which includes CAA website links. It is the responsibility of the Applicant to validate any applicability beyond that identified in this specification and request acceptance from the applicable CAA.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车