Ethylene oxide is a major raw material used in the manufacture of numerous other bulk industrial chemicals, and is also used as a sterilizing agent.This test method provides a means of evaluating exposure to ethylene oxide in the working environment. Examples of recommended occupational exposure limits (OELs) include: a U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) personal exposure limit (PEL) of 1 ppm(v) (8-h TWA) and an American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value (TLV) of 1 ppm(v).1.1 This test method describes the determination of ethylene oxide (oxirane) in workplace atmospheres using charcoal tube sampling methodology. Subsequent analysis is carried out by gas chromatography.1.2 This test method is compatible with low flow rate personal sampling equipment: 10 to 200 mL/min. It can be used for personal or area monitoring.1.3 The sampling method develops a time-weighted averaged (TWA) sample and can be used to determine short-term excursions (STE).1.4 The applicable concentration range for the TWA sample is from 0.3 to 20 ppm(v).1.5 The applicable concentration range for the STE sample ranges from 1 to 1000 ppm(v).1.6 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as the standard. Inch-pound units are provided for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (For more specific safety precautionary statements see Section 9 and 10.2.3 and 11.1.3.)

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5.1 This test method may be used for routine inspection purposes by subjecting a required number of specimens to the test conditions for a specified time and noting the number that fail. The cracking obtained with the test reagent is indicative of what may be expected from a wide variety of surface-active agents, soaps, and organic substances that are not absorbed appreciably by the polymer.5.2 Environmental stress-cracking is a property that is highly dependent upon the nature and level of the stresses applied and on the thermal history of the specimen (1). Under the conditions of the test method, high local multiaxial stresses are developed through the introduction of a controlled imperfection (2, 3). Environmental stress-cracking has been found to occur most readily under such conditions.NOTE 2: Different types of polyethylene plastics as defined in Specification D1248 are generally tested under different levels of strain and stress. When it is expressly desired to compare the types at equal levels of strain, the specimens for all types should be tested under Condition B, Table 1 (4) .(A) Dimensional values are not exactly equivalent. However, for referee purposes the metric units shall apply.(B) For referee purposes, concentration of Igepal will be consistent with the appropriate material standard. If no concentration is given, then 10 % volume solution shall be used.(C) At a temperature of 100°C, a full-strength reagent, rather than an aqueous solution of a reagent, is generally used because solutions tend to change their compositions by water evaporation losses during the period of test.5.3 Information from this test method is not intended to be used for direct application to engineering problems.NOTE 3: Caution should be used in comparing and ranking various ethylene plastics into distinct and separate groups by this test method (see Section 13 and Note 12).As thermal history is recognized as an important variable, test results by this test method employing laboratory molded samples cannot necessarily be expected to show agreement with test results from samples obtained by other means. The true performance potential of a given ethylene plastic may, however, best be determined with specimens obtained from commercially prepared items (5).1.1 This test method covers the determination of the susceptibility of ethylene plastics, as defined in Terminology D883, to environmental stress-cracking when subjected to the conditions herein specified. Under certain conditions of stress and in the presence of environments such as soaps, wetting agents, oils, or detergents, ethylene plastics may exhibit mechanical failure by cracking.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acid content of ethylene-acrylic acid (EAA) copolymers containing 2.5 to 25 weight % of acrylic acid.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazards statements are given in Section .Note 1There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.

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1.1 This specification covers factory-made perfluoro (ethylene-propylene) copolymer (FEP) plastic-lined ferrous metal pipe and fittings, primarily intended for conveying corrosive liquids and gases. Requirements for materials, workmanship, dimensions, design, construction, working pressures and temperatures, test methods, and markings are included. Note 1-The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only. Note 2-This specification does not include products coated with FEP nor does it define the suitability of FEP-lined components in chemical environments. 1.2 The ferrous piping products shall meet the requirements of the relevant specification listed in 1.2.1 through 1.2.4. Nominal sizes from 1 through 12 in. in 150 and 300 psi (1.0 to 2.0 MPa) ratings are covered. Note 3-The FEP sealing faces may prevent achievement of the full pressure rating of the ferrous housings. For pressure limitations, the manufacturer should be consulted. 1.2.1 For Ferrous Pipe: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Pipe, Steel, Black, and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated Welded A 53 and Seamless Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe and High-Temperature Service A 106 Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe A 135 Electric-Welded Low-Carbon Steel Pipe for the Chemical A 587 Industry Seamless and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steel Pipe A 312 1.2.2 For Ferrous Flanges: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105 Forged or Rolled Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings and A 181 Valves and Parts for General Service Forged or Rolled Alloy-Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, A 182 and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service Carbon-Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for A 216 High-Temperature Service Ferritic Ductile Iron for Pressure Retaining Castings for Use A 395 at Elevated Temperatures Ductile Iron Castings A 536 1.2.3 For Ferrous Fittings: ASTM Title of Specification Designation Forgings, Carbon Steel, for Piping Components A 105 Forged or Rolled Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and A 181 Valves and Parts for General Service Carbon Steel Castings Suitable for Fusion Welding for A 216 High-Temperature Service Piping Fittings Wrought Carbon Steel and Alloy Steel for A 234 Moderate and Elevated Temperatures Austenitic Steel Castings for High-Temperature Service A 351 Alloy Steel Castings Specially Heat-Treated for Pressure A 389 Containing Parts Suitable for High-Temperature Service Ductile Iron Castings A 536 Ferritic Ductile Iron for Pressure Retaining Castings for Use A 395 at Elevated Temperatures Ductile Iron for Pressure Containing Castings for Use at A 403 Elevated Temperatures 1.3 The FEP-lined flanged pipe and fitting assemblies are recommended for use from -20 to 300°F (-29 to 149°C). Use in specific aggressive environments may alter the above temperature range. Note 4-Successful use has been reported over a range from -20 to 400°F (-29 to 204°C).

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Many important properties of crosslinked ethylene plastics vary with the gel content. Hence, determination of the gel content provides a means of both controlling the process and rating the quality of finished products.Extraction tests permit verification of the desired gel content of any given crosslinked ethylene plastic and they also permit comparison between different crosslinked ethylene plastics, including those containing fillers, provided that, for the latter, the following conditions are met: The filler is not soluble in xylene or toluene at the extraction temperature and the amount of filler present in the compound is known or can be determined.Sufficient crosslinking has been achieved to prevent migration of filler during the extraction. Usually it has been found that, at extraction levels up to 50 %, the extraction solvent remains clear and free of filler.Since some oxidative degradation of the material can occur at the extraction temperatures used in this procedure, despite the use of a closed cell which allows for minimal introduction of oxygen, a suitable antioxidant is added to the solvent to inhibit such degradation.Before proceeding with this method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply1.1 The gel content of crosslinked ethylene plastics is determined by solvent extraction with xylene or toluene. This test method is applicable to ethylene plastics of all densities, including those containing fillers; provided the fillers are insoluble in the extraction solvent(s).1.2 This test method uses pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) to increase the speed and reduce the amount of solvent required for solvent extraction. The results of this method are similar to Test Method D2765.1.3 Extraction tests shall be performed on samples of any shape (see 7.2). Specimens shall be selected from those portions of the article most susceptible to insufficient crosslinking or selected from portions representative of the entire article. This test method has been developed for production and quality control of crosslinked polyethylene pipe but may be applicable to other products such as multilayer materials and fibers.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This method makes use of minimal reagents and allows for solvent recovery and re-use. Due to the use of minimal reagents, health and safety concerns are minimized in comparison to other methods.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this test method. This test method is similar to Test Method D2765.

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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for a prediluted aqueous ethylene glycol (50 volume % minimum) base engine coolant for use in automobiles and light duty vehicles. When used without further dilution, this product functions effectively during both summer and winter in automotive and other light-duty engine cooling systems to provide adequate cooling system performance. 1.2 The units quoted in this specification are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are approximate equivalents provided for information purposes only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Note-This specification applies to automobiles and light-duty service. A separate specification for a prediluted ethylene glycol base coolant for heavy-duty engine service is under development.

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This specification covers industrial grade ethylene glycol. The acidity, appearance, color, glycols, water mass, ash content, distillation range, relative density, and water miscibility shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification covers industrial grade ethylene glycol.1.2 The following applies to all specified limits in this standard; for purposes of determining conformance with this standard, an observed value or a calculated value shall be rounded off “to the nearest unit” in the last right-hand digit used in expressing the specification limit, in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Presence of even low concentrations of PVC in recycled PET flakes results in equipment corrosion problems during processing. The PVC contamination level shall dictate the market for use of the recycled polymer in secondary products. Procedures presented in this practice are used to identify the PVC contamination in recycled PET flakes.NOTE 4: These procedures may also be used to estimate the concentration of PVC contamination.1.1 This practice covers four procedures for separation and qualitative identification of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) contamination in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) flakes.NOTE 1: Although not presented as a quantitative method, procedures presented in this practice may be used to provide quantitative results at the discretion of the user. The user assumes the responsibility to verify the reproducibility of quantitative results. Data from an independent source suggest a PVC detection level of 200 ppm (w/w) based on an original sample weight of 454 g.1.2 Procedure A is based on different fluorescence of PVC and PET when these polymers are exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light.1.3 Procedure B is an oven test based upon the charring of PVC when it is heated in air at 235°C.1.4 Procedures C and D are dye tests based on differential staining of PVC and PET.NOTE 2: Other polymers (for example, PETG) also absorb the stain or brightener. Such interferences will result in false positive identification of PVC as the contaminant.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards see Section 8.NOTE 3: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods measure certain chemical and physical properties of ethylene glycols and propylene glycols and may be used to determine compliance with specification in which limits are established for these properties. For those tests that use the procedure of another ASTM test method, that test method should be consulted for additional information on the significance and use of that test.3.2 Alternative test methods and technology for several of the methods can be found in the Appendix. Use of these methods is optional and individuals using the alternative methods should assure themselves that the method is sufficient and appropriate for the application. Precision data presented in this standard is only for the original test methods listed.1.1 These test methods cover the chemical and physical analysis of the commonly available grades of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and dipropylene glycol. The key sections appear in the following order:  Sections Purity of Reagents 4Specific Gravity 6 – 8Distillation Range 10 – 12Acidity 14 – 16Water 18 – 20Iron 22 – 24Color 26 – 28Gas Chromatographic Analysis 30 – 32Alternative Test Methods Appendix X11.2 Review the current appropriate Safety Data Sheets (SDS) for detailed information concerning toxicity, first aid procedures, and safety precautions.1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded off in accordance with the rounding-off method of Practice E29.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard with the exception of foot-pound for apparatus descriptions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 These test methods are intended mainly for referee purposes but may be used for quality control of rubber production. They may also be used in research and development work and for comparison of different rubber samples in a standard formula.3.2 These test methods may be used to obtain values for customer acceptance of rubber.1.1 These test methods specify the standard materials, test formulas, mixing procedures, and test methods for the evaluation and production control of ethylene propylene diene rubbers (EPDM).1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Determination of the percentage of KEE compound in sheet roofing is of concern to many specifiers and building owners. Method A, the faster method, is best used for quality control. Method B may apply better to research and development or investigative work.1.1 This test method pertains to the determination of the relative contents of ketone-ethylene-ester (KEE) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) after their extraction from reinforced roofing membranes or fabrics. Based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR), the method allows for the quantification of PVC with respect to an internal standard. The KEE content is then obtained by difference. The test method is not applicable to membranes or blends that contain high molecular weight polymers other than PVC and KEE.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 When the various producers and users of ethylene product deal with the results obtained in analytical testing, inconsistency of units and test methods may cause major errors. This guide provides an overview of the typical concentrations of the possible components found in ethylene product, the methods used in analysis, and the units of measure. This overview is intended to be used to improve the consistency of methods and the units reported so that errors are minimized. Each producer and user of ethylene product should immediately review this guide to improve their awareness of the various analytical methods in use, the units of measure, and concentration levels of the possible components.4.2 Although this guide is not to be used for specifications, it can provide a starting point for the various parties to develop mutually agreed upon specifications that meet their respective requirements. It can also be used as a starting point in finding suitable test methods for ethylene components.1.1 This guide covers and provides direction for the analysis of ethylene product in a way that allows the analyst to know the possible test methods, the units of measure, and the potential concentrations range of possible components, so that the consistency of the analytical measurements is improved. This guide is not intended to be used, nor to be construed in any way, as a set of specifications for ethylene product.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 Ethyl acrylate is copolymerized with ethylene to produce film, molding, and wire coating resins with improved physical properties. Ethyl acrylate comonomer increases flexibility, stress cracking resistance, toughness, and clarity. A rapid quantitative technique is needed for the evaluation of the amount of ethyl acrylate in a resin for specification purposes because physical properties change rapidly with increasing comonomer content.5.2 Infrared spectrophotometric analysis, when suitably calibrated, can be used for the measurement of the concentration of comonomer present. Calibration is performed with samples that have been analyzed for oxygen content by fast neutron activation analysis. Oxygen content is converted to ethyl acrylate comonomer content by a simple calculation.5.3 A purpose of the infrared method of analysis is to provide a procedure for use in quality control analysis. It is a rapid, secondary method of analysis as contrasted with the more expensive and time-consuming fast neutron activation analysis which is the primary, calibrating method.1.1 This test method covers ethylene-ethyl acrylate copolymers containing from 1 to 25 % ethyl acrylate comonomer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. (See IEEE/ASTM SI-10.)1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

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This specification covers the requirements for low silicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. Such engines are typically used in off-highway machinery for agriculture, mining, earth-moving, and construction; Class 5 to 8 over the road trucks and buses; high output stationary engine installations; and locomotive and marine installations. Prediluted coolants shall be prepared using deionized Ethylene glycol base engine coolant concentrates or prediluted ethylene glycol base engine coolants shall be formulated with ethylene glycol. The coolants shall conform to the prescribed physical, chemical, and performance requirements, which include relative density, freezing point, boiling point, ash content, pH, reserve alkalinity, water content, chloride ion content, silicon content, corrosion in glassware, simulated service test, foaming, and cavitation. The color and effect of nonmetals of the coolant shall be evaluated. Prediluted coolant shall also meet the required content of sulfate and iron. Its CaCO3 content shall be tested to determine its hardness.1.1 This specification covers the requirements for low silicate ethylene glycol base engine coolants for cooling systems of heavy-duty engines. When concentrates are used at 40 % to 60 % concentration by volume in water, or when prediluted glycol base engine coolants (50 volume % minimum) are used without further dilution, they will function effectively to provide protection against corrosion, freezing to at least −36.4 °C (−33.5 °F), and boiling to at least 108 °C (226 °F).NOTE 1: This specification is based on the knowledge of the performance of engine coolants prepared from new or virgin ingredients. A separate specification exists (Specification D6210) for heavy-duty engine coolants which may be prepared from recycled or reprocessed used coolant or reprocessed industrial-source ethylene glycol.1.2 Coolants meeting this specification require an initial charge of a supplemental coolant additive (SCA) and require regular maintenance doses of an SCA to continue the protection in certain operating heavy-duty engine cooling systems, particularly those of the wet cylinder liner-in-block design. The SCA additions are defined by and are the primary responsibility of the engine manufacturer or vehicle manufacturer. If they provide no instructions, follow the SCA supplier's recommended instructions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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