4.1 Mechanical drive systems operability and long-term integrity are concerns that should be addressed primarily during the design phase; however, problems identified during fabrication and testing should be resolved and the changes in the design documented. Equipment operability and integrity can be compromised during handling and installation sequences. For this reason, the subject equipment should be handled and installed under closely controlled and supervised conditions.4.2 This standard is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for this use.4.3 This standard is intended to be generic and to apply to a wide range of types and configurations of mechanical drive systems.1.1 Intent: 1.1.1 The intent of this standard is to provide general guidelines for the design, selection, quality assurance, installation, operation, and maintenance of mechanical drive systems used in remote hot cell environments. The term mechanical drive systems used herein, encompasses all individual components used for imparting motion to equipment systems, subsystems, assemblies, and other components. It also includes complete positioning systems and individual units that provide motive power and any position indicators necessary to monitor the motion.1.2 Applicability: 1.2.1 This standard is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions:1.2.1.1 The materials handled or processed constitute a significant radiation hazard to man or to the environment.1.2.1.2 The equipment will generally be used over a long-term life cycle (for example, in excess of two years), but equipment intended for use over a shorter life cycle is not excluded.1.2.1.3 The equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without radiation shielding windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system (Guides C1572 and C1661).1.2.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 User Caveats: 1.3.1 This standard is not a substitute for applied engineering skills, proven practices and experience. Its purpose is to provide guidance.1.3.1.1 The guidance set forth in this standard relating to design of equipment is intended only to alert designers and engineers to those features, conditions, and procedures that have been found necessary or highly desirable to the design, selection, operation and maintenance of mechanical drive systems for the subject service conditions.1.3.1.2 The guidance set forth results from discoveries of conditions, practices, features, or lack of features that were found to be sources of operational or maintenance problems, or causes of failure.1.3.2 This standard does not supersede federal or state regulations, or both, and codes applicable to equipment under any conditions.1.3.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.1.1 This guide covers test procedures for performing accelerated tests to evaluate relative corrosion resistance of various coatings applied to mechanical fasteners. Corrosion mechanisms such as general and crevice corrosion may be evaluated with this method. Test duration may be selected to achieve any desired level of corrosion exposure and provides a frame of reference to determine relative coating resistance to corrosion. Fasteners tightened to a desired tension and subjected to this test procedure may be evaluated to simulate a variety of service conditions. Without large amounts of accumulated field results, it is difficult to relate test duration or the number of test cycles to actual service life for a given application.1.2 This standard is not intended to cover tests of driven fasteners such as nails, staples, screws and lag bolts.1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of this practice is to provide data that can be used for comparison and evaluation of the accuracy of different CAS systems.5.2 The use of CAS systems and robotic tracking systems is becoming increasingly common and requires a degree of trust by the user that the data provided by the system meets necessary accuracy requirements. In order to evaluate the potential use of these systems, and to make informed decisions about suitability of a system for a given procedure, objective performance data of such systems are necessary. While the end user will ultimately want to know the accuracy parameters of a system under clinical application, the first step must be to characterize the digitization accuracy of the tracking subsystem in a controlled environment under controlled conditions.5.3 In order to make comparisons within and between systems, a standardized way of measuring and reporting point accuracy is needed. Parameters such as coordinate system, units of measure, terminology, and operational conditions must be standardized.1.1 This standard will measure the effects on the accuracy of computer assisted surgery (CAS) systems of the environmental influences caused by equipment utilized for bone preparation during the intended clinical application for the system. The environmental vibration effect covered in this standard will include mechanical vibration from: cutting saw (sagittal or reciprocating), burrs, drills, and impact loading. The change in accuracy from detaching and re-attaching or disturbing a restrained connection that does not by design require repeating the registration process of a reference base will also be measured.1.2 It should be noted that one system may need to undergo multiple iterations (one for each clinical application) of this standard to document its accuracy during different clinical applications since each procedure may have different exposure to outside forces given the surgical procedure variability from one procedure to the next.1.3 All units of measure will be reported as millimeters for this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice describes procedures for the collection of an increment, partial sample, or gross sample of material using mechanical augers. Reduction and division of the material by mechanical equipment at the auger is also covered. Further manual or mechanical reduction or division of the material elsewhere shall be performed in accordance with Method D 2013.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 Many coatings used in the coil coating and other industries achieve a degree of solvent resistance after they have experienced a bake condition characterized by exposure to elevated temperatures in an oven over time. Insufficient bake, or occasionally over bake, may affect the intended chemical bonds or physical curing of the film and result in reduced solvent resistance.5.2 The mechanical rubbing machine provides consistent stroke length, rate, pressure, and contact area that are not subject to variables such as human fatigue (see Practice D5402).5.3 Factors other than bake can influence degree of solvent resistance of a coated surface. Paint film chemistry and composition, surface preparation, oven dwell time, oven air velocity, ambient oven temperature, oven profiling, film thickness, etc., all are influential. The test solvent used in the rub machine has a significant effect on the number of double rubs measured. Common solvents used for these tests include Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK), Methyl Isobutyl Ketone (MIBK), and Isopropyl Alcohol to name a few. The specific solvent to be used and the umber of double rubs to be achieved should be agreed upon between manufacturer and user for any given coating system, thickness, and application.1.1 This test method covers a mechanical rub method for assessing the solvent resistance of an organic coating that chemically and/or physically changes during the curing process. This technique can be used in the laboratory, in the field, or in the fabricating shop.1.2 This test method does not specify the solvent, number of double rubs, or expected test results.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is for use by design engineers, specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, installers, and inspection organizations who are involved in the rehabilitation of pipes through the use of a Mechanical Trenchless Point Repair Sleeve with a Locking Gear Mechanism for Pipes of Varying Inner Diameter and Offset Joints within a damaged existing pipe.4.2 This practice applies to the following types of defects in pipe that can be repaired: longitudinal, radial and circumferential cracks, fragmentation, leaking joints, displacement or joint misalignment, closing or sealing unused laterals, corrosion, spalling, wear, leaks in the barrel of the pipe, deformation in the pipe and root penetration. There are no limitations on the diameters of the laterals that can be sealed. The degree of deformation that can be repaired is dependent on the minimum and maximum diameters for which the sleeve is applicable as listed in the tables of dimensions shown in Appendix X1 but shall never exceed 5 %.4.3 This practice applies to pipes made of vitrified clay, concrete, reinforced concrete, plastics, glass reinforced plastics, cast iron, ductile iron and steel for both pressure and non-pressure applications.4.4 In this practice, no issues of snagging waste or build-up of sludge or sediment have been recorded to date; the performance of this sleeve, however, depends on many factors; therefore, past operational records may not include all possible future conditions under which the user may install these sleeves.4.5 The suitability of the technology covered in this practice for a particular application shall be jointly decided by the authority, the engineer and the installer.1.1 This practice establishes minimum requirements for good practices for the materials and installation of mechanical trenchless repair sleeve with a locking gear mechanism for pipes of varying inner diameter and offset joints in the range of 6 in. to 72 in. (150 mm to 1800 mm).1.2 This practice applies to storm, potable water, wastewater and industrial pipes, conduits and drainage culverts.1.3 When the specified materials are used in manufacturing the sleeve and installed in accordance with this practice, the sleeve shall extend over a predetermined length of the host pipe as a continuous, tight fitting, corrosion resistant and verifiable non-leaking pipe repaired using one or more pieces of the repair sleeve mechanism. The maximum internal pressure this sleeve can carry depends on the diameter and the wall thickness, ranging from 10 to 15 bars; the external pressure shall not exceed 1.5 bars.1.4 All materials in contact with potable water shall be certified to meet NSF/ANSI 61/372.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements involving entering into and working in confined spaces.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This terminology is a compilation of definitions and descriptions of technical terms used in dynamic mechanical property measurements on polymeric materials, including solutions, melts, and solids. Terms that are generally understood or defined adequately in other readily available sources are either not included or sources identified.1.2 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in notes. It is reviewed every five years and the year of the last review or revision is appended.1.3 Definitions identical to those published by another standards organization or ASTM committee are identified with the abbreviation of the name of the organization or the ASTM committee.1.4 Descriptions of terms specific to dynamic mechanical measurements are identified with an italicized introductory phrase.NOTE 1: This terminology standard is similar to ISO 6721–1 however, the ISO document cites fewer terms.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is intended to assess the mechanical integrity, failure modes, and practical adhesion strength of a specific hard ceramic coating on a given metal or ceramic substrate. The test method does not measure the fundamental “adhesion strength” of the bond between the coating and the substrate. Rather, the test method gives a quantitative engineering measurement of the practical (extrinsic) adhesion strength and damage resistance of the coating-substrate system as a function of applied normal force. The adhesion strength and damage modes depend on the complex interaction of the coating-substrate properties (hardness, fracture strength, modulus of elasticity, damage mechanisms, microstructure, flaw population, surface roughness, and so forth) and the test parameters (stylus properties and geometry, loading rate, displacement rate, and so forth).5.2 The test method as described herein is not appropriate for polymer coatings, ductile metal coatings, very thin (<0.1 μm) ceramic coatings, or very thick (>30 μm) ceramic coatings.NOTE 2: Under narrow circumstances, the test may be used for ceramic coatings on polymer substrates with due consideration of the differences in elastic modulus, ductility, and strength between the two types of materials. Commonly, the low comparative modulus of the polymer substrate means that the ceramic coating will generally tend to fail in bending (through-thickness adhesive failure) before cohesive failure in the coating itself.5.3 The quantitative coating adhesion scratch test is a simple, practical, and rapid test. However, reliable and reproducible test results require careful control of the test system configuration and testing parameters, detailed analysis of the coating damage features, and appropriate characterization of the properties and morphology of the coating and the substrate of the test specimens.5.4 The coating adhesion test has direct application across the full range of coating development, engineering, and production efforts. Measurements of the damage mechanisms in a coating as a function of applied normal forces are useful to understand material-process-property relations; quantify and qualify the mechanical response of coating-substrate systems; assess coating durability; measure production quality; and support failure analysis.5.5 This test method is applicable to a wide range of hard ceramic coating compositions (carbides, nitrides, oxides, diamond, and diamond-like carbon) applied by physical vapor deposition, chemical vapor deposition, and direct oxidation methods to metal and ceramic substrates.5.6 Ceramic coatings can be crystalline or amorphous, but commonly have high relative density with limited porosity (<5 %). Porous coatings can be tested, but the effects of porosity on the damage mechanisms in the coating must be carefully considered.5.7 The test method, as defined with the 200 μm radius Rockwell diamond stylus, is commonly used for ceramic coating thicknesses in the range of 0.10 to 30 μm. Thinner coatings may require a smaller diameter stylus and lower normal forces for reliable results. Thicker coatings may require larger diameter stylus and higher normal forces. Any variations in stylus size and geometry and designated normal force ranges shall be reported.5.8 Specimens commonly have a flat planar surface for testing, but cylinder geometries can also be tested if they are properly fixtured and aligned and the scratch direction is along the long axis of the specimen. The physical size of the test specimen is determined primarily by the capabilities and limits of the test equipment stage and fixturing.5.9 The test is commonly conducted under unlubricated conditions and at room temperature. However, it is feasible and possible to modify the test equipment and test conditions to conduct the test with lubrication or at elevated temperatures.5.10 Coated specimens can be tested after high temperature, oxidative, or corrosive exposure to assess the retained properties and durability (short-term and long-term) of the coating. Any specimen conditioning or environmental exposure shall be fully documented in the test report, describing in detail the exposure conditions (temperature, atmosphere, pressures, chemistry, humidity, and so forth), the length of time, and resulting changes in coating morphology, composition, and microstructure.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the practical adhesion strength and mechanical failure modes of hard (Vickers Hardness HV = 5 GPa or higher), thin (≤30 μm) ceramic coatings on metal and ceramic substrates at ambient temperatures. These ceramic coatings are commonly used for wear/abrasion resistance, oxidation protection, and functional (optical, magnetic, electronic, biological) performance improvement.1.2 In the test method, a diamond stylus of defined geometry (Rockwell C, a conical diamond indenter with an included angle of 120° and a spherical tip radius of 200 μm) is drawn across the flat surface of a coated test specimen at a constant speed and a defined normal force (constant or progressively increasing) for a defined distance. The damage along the scratch track is microscopically assessed as a function of the applied force. Specific levels of progressive damage are associated with increasing normal stylus forces. The force level(s) which produce a specific type/level of damage in the coating are defined as a critical scratch load(s). The test method also describes the use of tangential force and acoustic emission signals as secondary test data to identify different coating damage levels.1.3 Applicability to Coatings—This test method is applicable to a wide range of hard ceramic coating compositions: carbides, nitrides, oxides, diamond, and diamond-like carbon on ceramic and metal substrates. The test method, as defined with the 200 μm radius diamond stylus, is commonly used for coating thicknesses in the range of 0.1 to 30 μm. Test specimens generally have a planar surface for testing, but cylinder geometries can also be tested with an appropriate fixture.1.4 Principal Limitations: 1.4.1 The test method does not measure the fundamental adhesion strength of the bond between the coating and the substrate. Rather, the test method gives an engineering measurement of the practical (extrinsic) adhesion strength of a coating-substrate system, which depends on the complex interaction of the test parameters (stylus properties and geometry, loading rate, displacement rate, and so forth) and the coating-substrate properties (hardness, fracture strength, modulus of elasticity, damage mechanisms, microstructure, flaw population, surface roughness, and so forth).1.4.2 The defined test method is not directly applicable to metal or polymeric coatings which fail in a ductile, plastic manner, because plastic deformation mechanisms are very different than the brittle damage modes and features observed in hard ceramic coatings. The test method may be applicable to hard metal coatings which fail in a brittle mode with appropriate changes in test parameters and damage analysis procedures and criteria.1.4.3 The test method, as defined with the Rockwell C diamond stylus and specific normal force and rate parameters, is not recommended for very thin (<0.1 μm) or thicker coatings (>30 μm). Such coatings may require different stylus geometries, loading rates, and ranges of applied normal force for usable, accurate, repeatable results.1.4.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Test data values in SI units (newtons (N) for force and millimetres (mm) for displacement) are to be considered as standard and are in accordance with IEEE/ASTM SI 10.1.5 Organization—The test method is organized into the following sections:  Section 1 Purpose and Description 1.1 Applicability 1.3 Principal Limitations 1.4 Organization 1.5Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards 2.1 Other Standards and References 2.2Terminology 3Summary of Test Method 4 5Test Methodology and Experimental Control 6 Test Overview 6.1 Test Modes 6.2 Primary and Supplementary Measurements 6.3 Critical Scratch Load Damage Criteria and Scratch Atlas 6.4 Experimental Factors and Variables 6.5Interferences 7 Material and Specimen Related 7.2 Test Method Related 7.3Apparatus 8 General Description 8.1 Stylus and Stylus Mounting 8.2 Mechanical Stage and Displacement Control 8.3 Test Frame and Force Application System 8.4 Force and Displacement Sensors 8.5 Optical Analysis and Measurement 8.6 Data Acquisition and Recording 8.7 Acoustic Emission (Optional) 8.8 Coating Adhesion Reference Specimens (Optional) 8.9 Coating Surface Profilometry (Optional) 8.10 Data Analysis and Output Software (Optional) 8.11Test Specimens 9 Specimen Requirements 9.1 Specimen Characterization 9.2 Specimen Size 9.3 Specimen Flatness and Level 9.4 Polishing (Optional) 9.5 Specimen Exposure Conditioning (Optional) 9.6 Specimen Cleaning 9.7 Specimen Handling and Storage 9.8Calibration 10 System Calibration 10.1 Reference Specimens 10.2Test Procedure 11 Calibration 11.1 Test Mode Selection 11.2 Test Planning 11.3 Stylus Inspection and Cleaning 11.4 Environmental Conditions 11.5 System Setup and Check 11.6 Test Specimen Mounting 11.7 Conducting the Test 11.8 Specimen Count 11.9 Invalid and Censored Data 11.10 Scratch Damage Assessment 11.11Calculations 12Report 13 Test Identification 13.2 Specimen Information 13.3 Test Equipment and Procedure Information 13.4 Test Data and Statistics 13.5Precision and Bias 14Keywords 15Rockwell Diamond Indenter Specifications Annex A1Alignment and Calibration Annex A2Repeatability and Reproducibility Studies Annex A3Coating Damage Criteria and Scratch Atlas Appendix X1Experimental Variables in Scratch Adhesion Testing Appendix X2Bibliography  1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The purpose of the alkaline polysulfide immersion test is to determine the presence of mechanical damage, wear-through, and other gross defects in the coating. Most metallic coatings are intended to be protective and the presence of gross defects indicates a serious reduction of such protection.5.2 The protection afforded by well applied coatings may be diminished by improper handling following plating or as a result of wear or mechanical damage during testing or while in service. The alkaline polysulfide test serves to indicate if the damage has extended down to the copper or copper alloy basis metal since it will not detect exposed nickel underplate.5.3 The alkaline polysulfide test has been specified in several ASTM specifications for tin-plated coatings, namely Specifications B246 and B545. This test could also be used to detect gross defects and mechanical damage in other metallic coatings, such as tin-nickel alloy (Specification B605), nickel (Specification B689), gold (Specification B488), palladium (Specification B679), and autocatalytic nickel-phosphorous coatings (Specification B733).5.4 This test detects mechanical damage that exposes copper underplate and copper basis metal. Such damage may occur in any post-plating operation or even towards the end of the plating operation. It is most often seen to occur in product assembly operations.5.5 If properly performed, this test will also detect wear-through, provided the wear-through reaches a copper or copper-alloy layer.5.6 Many types of gross defects are too small to be seen, except at magnifications so high (as in SEM) that a realistic assessment of the measurement area cannot be easily made. Other defects, such as many types of wear-through, provide insufficient contrast with the coating surface. Gross defects tests (as with porosity tests) are, therefore, used to magnify the defect sites by producing visible reaction products in and around the defects.5.7 The polysulfide solution will react with copper and copper alloys to produce a dark brown or black stain (the defect indications) at the site of the defect. Silver also turns black under the same conditions. The test solution will not react with nickel and is only useful when the presence or absence of copper exposure is a specific requirement.5.8 The polysulfide immersion test is relatively insensitive to the presence of small pores. It shall not be used as a general porosity test. (Test Method B809 should be used instead.)5.9 The extent and location of the gross defects or mechanical damage (revealed by this test) may or may not be detrimental to product performance or service life. Such determinations shall be made by the user of the test through practical experience or judgment.5.10 The present test can be used on samples of various geometries, such as curved surfaces. It can also be used for selective area coating if allowance is made for tarnish creepage from bare copper alloy areas.5.11 This test is destructive in that it reveals the presence of gross defects by contaminating the surface with reaction-product films. Any parts exposed to this test shall not be placed in service.5.12 However, the defect indications on the sample surfaces that result from this test are stable; samples may be retained for reference purposes.5.13 This test is neither recommended for predictions of product performance nor is it intended to simulate field failure mechanisms. For such product performance evaluations, an environmental test that is known to simulate actual failure mechanisms should be used.1.1 This test method covers equipment and methods for detecting gross defects and mechanical damage (including wear-through) in metallic coatings where the breaks in the coating penetrate down to a copper or copper alloy substrate.1.2 This test method is suitable for coatings consisting of single or combined layers of any coating that does not significantly tarnish in an alkaline polysulfide solution. Examples are gold, nickel, tin, tin-lead, and palladium, or their alloys.1.3 Recent reviews of porosity testing (which include those for gross defects) and testing methods can be found in literature.2,3 An ASTM guide to the selection of porosity and gross defect tests for electrodeposits and related metallic coatings is available as Guide B765. Other related porosity test standards are Test Methods B735, B741, B798, B799, and B809.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide provides recommended standard formats for the computerization of mechanical test data for a range of test methods for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. The types of mechanical tests considered are tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole, bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The recommended formats are not limited in use to these test methods. There are other test methods for which these recommended formats may be useful.4.2 Comparison of data from various sources will be most meaningful if all of the elements are available.4.3 The intent is to provide sufficient detail that values are known for the testing variables that may influence the results. The motivation for this guide is the steadily increasing use of computerized databases. However, this guide is equally appropriate for data stored in a hard-copy form.4.4 This format is for mechanical test data for high-modulus fiber-reinforced composites only. It does not include the recommended material description or the presentation of other specific types of test data (such as fracture toughness test results). These items are covered by separate formats to be referenced in material specifications or other test standards.1.1 This guide provides a common format for mechanical test data for composite materials for two purposes: (1) to establish data reporting requirements for test methods and (2) to provide information for the design of material property databases. This guide should be used in combination with Guide E1309 which provides similar information to identify the composite material tested.1.2 These guidelines are specific to mechanical tests of high-modulus fiber-reinforced composite materials. Types of tests considered in this guide include tension, compression, shear, flexure, open/filled hole,2 bearing, fracture toughness, and fatigue. The ASTM standards for which this guide was developed are listed in 2.1. The guidelines may also be useful for additional tests or materials.1.3 This guide is the second part of a modular approach for which the first part is Guide E1309. Guide E1309 serves to identify the material, and this guide serves to describe mechanical testing procedures and variables and to record results. The interaction of this guide with Guide E1309 is emphasized by the common numbering of data elements. Data Elements A1 through G13 are included in Guide E1309 and numbering data elements in this guide begins with H1.1.4 This guide with Guide E1309 may be referenced by the data-reporting section of a test method to provide common data-reporting requirements for the types of tests listed in 1.2.1.5 From this information and Guide E1309, the database designer should be able to construct the data dictionary preparatory to developing a database schema.1.6 Data elements in this guide are relevant to test data, data as obtained in the test laboratory and historically recorded in lab notebooks. Property data, data which have been analyzed and reviewed, require a different level of data elements. Data elements for property data are provided in Annex A1.

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4.1 This practice standardizes the preparation of soil-lime mixtures for laboratory testing by engineers and researchers interested in determining properties of soil when stabilized with lime. In this method, the mellowing period is mentioned, but no specific recommendations are made because the mellowing period to be used in testing depends upon each specific use.NOTE 1: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, and the like. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers the laboratory preparation of soil-lime mixtures for use in determining the effects of lime on soil properties (plasticity, strength, moisture-density relations, etc.) and the design of mixtures for construction.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that generally should be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved the ASTM consensus process.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications. The bars shall be available in round, square and hexagonal shapes. The steel shall be made by the open-hearth, basic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. The specimens shall undergo a tension test to determine tensile strength, yield point and elongation. The merchant quality bars shall be from visible pipe; however, they may contain pronounced chemical segregation. Internal porosity, surface seams, and other surface irregularities may be present in this quality. The bars shall also be furnished as rolled and not pickled, blast cleaned, or oiled.1.1 This specification covers hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars and bar size shapes produced to mechanical property requirements and intended for noncritical constructional applications (see 8.2).1.2 Merchant quality hot-wrought steel bar is available in the following ranges of size and section:1.2.1 Rounds, squares, and hexagons with diameters or distance across flats under 3 in. [75 mm].1.2.2 Bar size shapes with maximum dimensions under 3 in. [75 mm].1.2.3 Other bar sections with weight per foot under 40.84 lb/ft [60.78 kg/m].1.2.4 Flats 6 in. [152 mm] or under in width, over 0.203 in. [over 5 mm in thickness up to 150 mm in width] in thickness, and under 40.84 lb/ft or 12 in.2 [77.4 cm2] in cross-sectional area.1.2.5 Flats over 6 in. to 8 in., inclusive in width, 0.230 in. and over [over 6 mm in thickness and over 50 mm through 200 mm in width] in thickness and under 40.84 lb/ft [60.78 kg/m] or 12 in.2 [77.4 cm2] in cross-sectional area.1.2.6 Hot-wrought merchant quality carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are hot wrought in straight lengths only.1.3 Some applications may require one or more of the available designations shown under supplementary requirements.NOTE 1: Special quality hot-wrought carbon steel bars subject to mechanical property requirements are covered in Specification A675/A675M.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is intended as a laboratory screening test to determine performance of the detergent under actual use conditions, but will not necessarily predict performance under all end-use conditions.1.1 This guide covers a procedure for measuring performance of a mechanical dishwashing detergent in terms of the buildup of spots and film on glassware. It is designed to evaluate household automatic dishwasher detergents but can be used as a screening test for institutional and commercial dishwashing products.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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It is intended that these procedures be used to provide an estimate of the bias of a mechanical sampling system used to collect samples of coal. Mechanical coal-sampling systems are used extensively in industry for collecting samples while coal is being conveyed or transported in various stages of production, shipment, receipt, and use. The bias of the sampling system, in the measurement of coal quality, can have significant commercial and environmental consequences.Bias as determined by these procedures need not be a constant or fixed value and can reflect the bias only under the conditions, which prevailed during the test period. Variables including, but not limited to, changes in the operation of the sampling system, the coal transfer operation, or the coal-sampling characteristics can cause changes in test results; therefore, if system bias is unacceptable, correct the cause rather than compensate for it.A single bias test may not provide a meaningful generalized expectation of past or future system performance but an ongoing testing program can. Such a program may be established by mutual agreement of the interested parties.Data used to draw conclusions regarding bias are subject to sources of error other than those attributable to the biases in the sampling system. Biases introduced by handling, preparation, and analysis of samples could also contribute to the appearance of a system bias. Therefore it is important to carefully follow ASTM standard methods for sampling, sample preparation, and testing, and to exercise careful quality control.In all cases, the test plan should approximate normal system operation and not be a source of bias itself. This is especially critical when the sampling system batch processes several consecutive increments at any stage. In this case, the system samples should consist of all the coal from an entire batch.Since this practice includes several different methods of sample collection and statistical procedures, the procedures used for both sample collection and statistical processing must be chosen before the test is conducted. This does not preclude subjecting historical test data to alternate statistical procedures for alternative purposes.1.1 This practice presents sample collection and statistical evaluation procedures for testing mechanical sampling systems, subsystems, and individual system components for bias. It is the responsibility of the user of this practice to select the appropriate procedure for a specific sampling situation.1.2 This practice does not purport to define an absolute bias. Bias defined by this practice is the difference between the population mean of the mechanical sampler test results and the accepted reference value.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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AbstractThese test methods establishes the standard procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers and direct tension indicators, and rivets. For externally threaded fasteners, the mechanical tests describe the procedures for determining the following properties: product hardness; proof load by length measurement (Method 1), yield strength (Method 2), yield strength of austenitic stainless steel and nonferrous materials (Method 2A), and uniform hardness (Method 3); axial tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; wedge tension of full size products such as fasteners and studs; tension of machined test specimens including yield point (by drop of the beam or halt of the pointer, autographic diagram, and total extension under load methods), yield strength (by offset, and extension under load methods), tensile strength, elongation, and reduction of area; and total extension at fracture. As for internally threaded fasteners including nonheat- and heat-treated nuts, tests are provided for the determination of product hardness, proof load, and cone proof load. Test for determining the surface and core hardnesses are, conversely, described for direct tension indicators, and through-hardened, carburized, stainless steel, and nonferrous washers. And finally, product hardness testing is described for rivets. The test method for determining embrittlement of metallic coated externally threaded fasteners is detailed as well.1.1 These test methods cover establishment of procedures for conducting tests to determine the mechanical properties of externally and internally threaded fasteners, washers, direct tension indicators, and rivets.1.2 Property requirements and the applicable tests for their determination are specified in individual product standards. In those instances where the testing requirements are unique or at variance with these standard procedures, the product standard shall specify the controlling testing requirements. In the absence of any specified test requirement(s), these test methods shall apply.1.3 These test methods describe mechanical tests for determining the following properties:  SectionFor Externally Threaded Fasteners: 3 Product Hardness 3.1 Proof Load 3.2.1  Method 1, Length Measurement 3.2.3  Method 2, Yield Strength 3.2.4  Method 3, Uniform Hardness 3.2.5 Axial Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.4 Wedge Tension Testing of Full-Size Product 3.5 Tension Testing of Machined Test Specimens 3.6 Total Extension at Fracture Test Single Sheer Test 3.73.8For Internally Threaded Fasteners: 4 Product Hardness 4.1 Proof Load Test 4.2 Cone Proof Load Test 4.3For Washers and Direct Tension Indicators: 5 Product Hardness-General Requirements 5.1 Through Hardened Washers 5.2 Carburized Washers 5.3 Stainless Steel and Nonferrous Washers 5.4 Direct Tension Indicators 5.5 Compression Load 5.6For Rivets: 6 Product Hardness 6.1Test for Embrittlement of Metallic-Coated Externally Threaded   Fasteners 7Test Method for Determining Decarburization and Carburization 81.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.NOTE 1: The values are stated in inch-pound for inch fasteners and SI metric units for metric fasteners.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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