定价： 2182元

1.1 This specification covers the construction of standard and custom-built interior steel doors and frames for ships including U.S. Coast Guard certificated vessels. 1.2 Doors and frames are to be hollow metal construction with the door insulated for sound or fire. 1.3 The doors are intended for use in staterooms, lavatories, passageways, and other protected areas. 1.4 Values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.5 The metric equivalents, given in parentheses, are provided for information only.

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This guide provides information relevant to the development and implementation of a marine vessel structural inspection process. It is intended to provide considerations for owners, operators, shipyards, and designers who are involved in planning, organizing, and executing a structural survey plan that covers all stages of a marine vessel's operating life, including the design, construction, and in-service periods. This guide also provides the basis for development of a recommended corrective action plan for typical structural deficiencies or deviations, or both.1.1 This guide covers information to develop and implement a marine vessel inspection process. It is intended to provide considerations for persons interested in planning, organizing, and implementing a structural survey plan for a marine vessel, especially during the design phase of the vessel. It is intended to be used in conjunction with any other required inspection or survey requirements but can form the basis for such planning in the absence of other such applicable requirements.1.2 This guide provides owners, operators, shipyards, and designers with a plan for developing a detailed inspection process that covers all stages of the operating life of a marine vessel, including the design, construction, and in-service periods. This plan may be developed and used in concert with classification society and flag state surveys and inspections.1.3 This guide also provides the basis for development of a recommended corrective action plan for typical structural deficiencies or deviations, or both.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 All portions of this guide may not be applicable to all vessels or shipyards since many yard-specific standards to ensure contracted level of quality are in existence.

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1.1 This test method for fire tests covers marine joiner door assemblies of various materials and types of construction for use in bulkhead openings to retard the passage of fire. 1.2 Tests made in conformity with this test method will register performance during the test exposure; but such tests shall not be construed as determining suitability for use after exposure to fire. 1.3 Tests made in conformity with this test method will develop a set of data to assist regulatory agencies to determine the suitability of joiner door assemblies for use in locations where fire resistance is required. 1.4 This test method should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this practice may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment that takes into account all of the factors that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This specification covers non-floating products made from plastics (including packaging and coatings) that are designed to be biodegradable under the marine environmental conditions of aerobic marine waters or anaerobic marine sediments, or both. (Possible environments are shallow and deep salt water and brackish water.) This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling materials and products, including packaging, as "biodegradable in marine waters and sediments." The products should exhibit satisfactory performances in terms of disintegration during marine degradation, inherent biodegradation, and environmental toxicity. However, this specification does not describe the contents or their performance with regard to biodegradability.1.1 This specification covers products made from plastics (including packaging and coatings) that are designed to be biodegradable under the marine environmental conditions of aerobic marine waters or anaerobic marine sediments, or both. (Possible environments are shallow and deep salt water and brackish water.)1.2 This specification is intended to establish the requirements for labeling materials and products, including packaging, as "biodegradable in marine waters and sediments."1.3 The properties in this specification are those required to determine if products (including packaging) will biodegrade satisfactorily, including biodegrading at a rate comparable to known compostable materials. Further, the properties in the specification are required to assure that the degradation of these materials will not diminish the value or utility of the marine resources and habitat.1.4 This specification does not describe contents or their performance with regard to biodegradability.1.5 The following safety hazards caveat pertains to the test methods portion of this standard: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate health and safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.

定价： 0元

This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military marine (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications) and emergency generator applications (military or commercial). Specimens shall be suitably sampled and tested, and accordingly conform to specified values of the following requirements: ash content; carbon residue (10 % distillation residue); cetane number or index; cloud point; copper corrosion rating; density; 90 % distillation point; flash point; storage stability; sulfur content; kinematic viscosity; and water and sediment content.1.1 This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military marine applications (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications), and emergency generator applications (military or commercial).1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of middle distillate fuel at the time and place of delivery. Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be more restrictive.1.3 During handling and use of all middle distillate fuels, the generation and dissipation of static electricity can create fire and explosion hazards. For more information on this subject see Guide D 4865.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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1.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining the ability of photovoltaic modules to withstand immersion or splash exposure by fresh or seawater as might be encountered when installed in a marine environment. This is one of several tests, including environmental cycling exposure and exposure to a corrosive environment, that are intended to provide an accelerated basis for evaluating the aging effects of a marine environment on module materials and construction specific to marine applications. 1.2 This test method defines photovoltaic module test specimens and requirements for positioning modules for test, references suitable methods for determining changes in electrical performance and characteristics, and specifies parameters which must be recorded and reported. 1.3 This test method does not establish pass or fail levels. The determination of acceptable or unacceptable results is beyond the scope of this test method. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

This test method is useful in determining the relative efficacy between various treatments and naturally occurring wood-destroying agents. It is an initial means of estimating the tolerance limits of the biologically destructive agents or the threshold values of the chemical preservative, or both.This test method is not intended to provide quantifiable reproducible values. It is a qualitative method designed to provide a reproducible means of establishing relative efficacy between experimental contract levels.1.1 This test method covers the relative effectiveness of wood preservatives in small wood specimens exposed to a natural marine environment. It is not within the scope of this test method to determine the retention or duration of protection for commercial size piles and timbers.1.2 The requirements for preparing the material for testing and the test procedures appear in the following order: SectionSummary of Test Method Test Specimens Pretreatment Handling Treatment Procedure Post-Treatment Handling Assembly of Test Specimens Exposure Inspection Evaluation of Results Reports 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

This test method is intended to cover determination of the solidification point of fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils used in the softening and stuffing of leather, as well as those used in the manufacture of products for such purpose.1.1 This test method covers determination of the solidification point of fatty acids contained in animal, marine, and vegetable fats and oils.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See 5.2 and 5.7 for additional information.

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1.1 This specification covers new coal-tar creosote, and creosote in use, for the preservative treatment of piles, poles, and timber for marine, land, and fresh water use. Test Methods D38 covers the sampling of wood preservatives prior to testing.

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These test methods are intended to provide a basis for evaluating the time period during which bulkheads and decks will continue to perform its intended function when subjected to a controlled, standardized fire exposure.5.1.1 In particular, the selected standard exposure condition simulates the condition of total continuous engulfment of a member or assembly in the luminous flame (fire plume) area of a large free-burning fluid hydrocarbon pool fire. The standard fire exposure is basically defined in terms of the total flux incident on the test specimen together with appropriate temperature conditions.5.1.2 It is recognized that the thermodynamic properties of free-burning, hydrocarbon fluid pool fires have not been completely characterized and are variable depending on the conditions, the physical relationship of the structural member to the exposing fire, and other factors. As a result, the exposure specified in these test methods is not necessarily representative of all the conditions that exist in large hydrocarbon pool fires. The specified standard exposure is based upon the best available information and testing technology. It provides a basis for comparing the relative performance of different assemblies under controlled conditions.5.1.3 It is feasible that substantial changes in the fire performance characteristics of the assembly will result from any variation from the construction or conditions (that is, size, method of assembly, and materials) that are tested.The structural assemblies that will be evaluated in accordance with these test methods will be located on a ship.1.1 These test methods described in this fire-test response standard are used for determining the fire-test response of insulated marine steel bulkheads and decks. The insulation is either homogeneous or composite construction.1.2 It is the intent that tests conducted in accordance with these test methods will indicate whether bulkheads and decks will continue to perform their intended function during the period of fire exposure. These test methods shall not be construed as implying suitability for use after fire exposure.1.3 These test methods prescribe a standard fire exposure for comparing the relative performance of different bulkhead and deck assemblies under controlled laboratory conditions. The application of these test results to predict the performance of actual assemblies when exposed to large pool fires requires a careful engineering evaluation.1.4 Limitations - These test methods do not provide the following:1.4.1 Full information on the performance of assemblies constructed with components or of dimensions other than those tested.1.4.2 An evaluation of the degree to which the assembly contributes to the fire hazard through the generation of smoke, toxic gases, or other products of combustion.1.4.3 Measurement of flame spread over the surface of the test assembly.1.4.4 The erosive effect that the velocities or turbulence, or both, generated in large pool fires has on some fire protection materials.1.4.5 Full information on the performance of assemblies at times less than 5 min because the rise time called out in Section is longer than that of a real fire.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for approximate information only.1.6 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.1.7 This test method is based on the fire exposure as defined in Test Methods E 1529 (issued by the Committee on Fire Standards, E05).This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元

5.1 Protection of a species requires prevention of unacceptable effects on the number, health, and uses of individuals of that species. A life-cycle toxicity test is conducted to determine changes in the numbers of individuals and offspring of a test species resulting from effects of the test material on survival, growth, gender ratios, endocrine function, genetic expression, fertility and reproduction (1-3).3 Information might also be obtained on effects of the material on the health (4) and uses of the species. 5.2 Published information about the sensitivities of several meiobenthic copepods to several common metals and organic toxicants have been reviewed (5). For most compounds tested/published to date, A. tenuiremis is acutely less sensitive than mysid and penaeid shrimp, similarly sensitive as amphipods, and often more sensitive than cladocerans (daphniids, specifically). Reference 96-h aqueous toxicity tests with cadmium at 30 g/kg salinity showed an LC50 for A. tenuiremis adults of 213 to 234 μg/L (Chandler, unpub.). Reference toxicant tests with sodium dodecyl sulfate showed a 96-h LC50 of 13.3 to 15.5 mg/L (Chandler,unpubl.). A. tenuiremis is a comparatively new toxicity test organism, and an extensive database of species sensitivity to multiple aqueous test compounds is not yet available. Relative to other harpacticoid copepod studies in the literature, A. tenuiremis is more chronically sensitive than all other species published to date where there is comparative data (5). 5.3 Results of life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis can be used to predict long-term effects at the individual and population levels likely to occur on copepods in field situations as a result of exposure under comparable conditions (1,2). 5.4 Results of life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis might be used to compare the chronic sensitivities of different species and the chronic toxicities of different materials, and also study the effects of various environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and ultraviolet light on results of such tests. 5.5 Results of life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis might be an important consideration when assessing the hazards of materials to aquatic organisms (see Guide E1023) or when deriving water quality criteria for aquatic organisms (6). 5.6 Results of a life-cycle test with A. tenuiremis might be useful for predicting the results of chronic tests on the same test material with the same species in another water or with another species in the same or a different water. Most such predictions take into account results of acute toxicity tests, and so the usefulness of the results from a life-cycle toxicity test with A. tenuiremis is greatly increased by also reporting the results of an acute toxicity test (see Guide E729) conducted under the same environmental conditions. 5.7 Results of life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis might be useful for studying the biological availability of, and structure-activity relationships between, test materials. 5.8 Results of life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis will depend on temperature, quality of food, composition of seawater, condition of test organisms, and other factors. 5.9 Life-cycle tests with A. tenuiremis are conducted on copepods reared individually in microwells of 96-well microplates. Thus they can be useful for studying endocrine, pre-zygotic and gender-specific toxicities of test materials (1-3). 1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratory data concerning the adverse effects of a test material added to seawater, but not to food, on the marine copepod Amphiascus tenuiremis , during continuous exposures of individuals, from immediately after birth, until after the beginning of reproduction using a 200 μL renewal microplate-culturing technique. The following data are checked and recorded during the test period: stage-specific survival, number of days it takes for development from a first stage nauplius to a reproductively mature copepod, gender ratios, number of days for a female to extrude first and subsequent broods, number of days between first (and subsequent) brood extrusion(s) and hatching of first-generation nauplii, number of hatched and surviving nauplii, number of unhatched or necrotic eggs and aborted unhatching eggsacs, and the total number of females able to produce viable offspring over the entire mating period. This microplate-based full life-cycle toxicity test has a duration of approximately 17 days for toxicants that do not delay development. These procedures probably will be useful for conducting life-cycle toxicity tests with other species of copepods, although modifications might be necessary. 1.2 These procedures are applicable to most chemicals, either individually, or in formulations, commercial products, or known mixtures, that can be measured accurately at the necessary concentration in water. With appropriate modifications these procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperature, dissolved oxygen, and pH and on such materials as aqueous effluents (see also Guide E1192), sediment pore waters, and surface waters. Renewal microplate tests might not be applicable to materials that have a high oxygen demand, are highly volatile, are rapidly transformed (biologically or chemically) in aqueous solutions, or are removed from test solutions in substantial quantities by the test chambers or organisms during the test. If the concentration of dissolved oxygen falls below 50 % of saturation, or the concentration of test material in the test solution decreases by more than 20 % between renewals, it might be desirable to renew the solutions more often. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

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This test method provides a rapid means of determining the acute toxicity of an aqueous waste, or waste extract, prior to and following biological treatment, and contributes to assessing the potential biodegradability of the waste (see 1.1, 1.2, and Note 1). The change in toxicity to the marine bacterium P. phosphoreum with respect to time may serve as an indication of the biodegradation potential. Sample analyses are usually obtained in 45 to 60 min, with as little as 5 mL of sample required (5). Samples with high suspended solids concentrations may test nontoxic to the bacteria, while still exhibiting significant toxicity to freshwater organisms, due to those suspended solids. The absorbance correction procedure included in this test method allows for the analysis of highly colored lightabsorbing samples, by providing a means for mathematically adjusting the light output readings to account for light lost due to absorption. 1.1 This test method (1) covers a procedure for the rapid evaluation of the toxicity of wastewaters and aqueous extracts from contaminated soils and sediments, to the luminescent marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum, prior to and following biological treatment. This test method is meant for use as a means to assess samples resulting from biotreatability studies. Sensitivity data for P. phosphoreum to over 1300 chemicals have been reported in the literature (2). Some of the publications are very relevant to this test method (3). The data obtained from this test method, when combined with respirometry, total organic carbon (TOC), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), or spectrophotometric data, can assist in the determination of the degree of biodegradability of a contaminant in water, soil, or sediment (3). The percentage difference between the IC20 of treated and untreated sample is used to assess the progress of detoxification. 1.2 This test method is applicable to the evaluation of the toxicity (to a specific microbe) and its implication on the biodegradation of aqueous samples from laboratory research bio-reactors (liquid or soil), pilot-plant biological treatment systems, full-scale biological treatment systems, and land application processes (see Notes 1 and 2). Note 1—If the biologically treated material is to be discharged in such a manner as to potentially impact surface waters and ground water, or both, then the user must consult appropriate regulatory guidance documents to determine the proper test species for evaluating potential environmental impact (4). Correlations between data concerning reduction in toxicity produced by this test method and by procedures for acute or short-term chronic toxicity tests, or both, utilizing invertebrates and fish (see Guides E729 and E1192E729E1192), should be established, wherever possible. Note 2—Color (especially red and brown), turbidity, and suspended solids interfere with this test method by absorbing or reflecting light. In these situations data are corrected for these effects by use of an absorbance correction procedure included in this test method (see 5.3, 6.1, and 6.2). 1.3 The results of this test method are reported in terms of an inhibitory concentration (IC), which is the calculated concentration of sample required to produce a specific quantitative and qualitative inhibition. The inhibition measured is the quantitative reduction in light output of luminescent marine bacteria (that is, IC20 represents the calculated concentration of sample that would produce a 20 % reduction in the light output of exposed bacteria over a specified time). 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 9.

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