【国外标准】 Standard Practice for Job Productivity Measurement

5.1 JPM produces two measurements: construction production rate and productivity.5.1.1 JPM measures the overall production rate by comparing CPIP to the time elapsed in the construction schedule.5.1.2 JPM measures overall job productivity through a comparison of labor usage to a reference point.5.2 JPM issues early warning signals for construction.5.2.1 JPM identifies productivity deviations in the form of any gains or losses in productivity, and anomalies indicating a special cause, from the productivity reference point.5.2.2 JPM measures the productivity changes to individual building elements (according to the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing building data, in Classification E1557) with the same methodology used for overall job productivity measurement.5.2.3 JPM measures ongoing changes in labor usage.5.3 JPM measures productivity wherever the labor is used in construction by:5.3.1 Any contractor or construction manager directly or indirectly responsible for the productivity of the labor and its usage.5.3.2 Any contractor or construction manager conducting self performance on any portion of the construction job.5.3.3 Any contractor or construction manager supervising labor performance on any portion of a construction job.1.1 Based on the UNIFORMAT II format for organizing building data, established in Classification E1557, and depending on the level where measurement is applied (industry, total job, or building element), JPM measures construction productivity at three levels: task, project, and industry (shown in Fig. 1). By comparing labor hours used against CPIP, JPM allows for unified measurement of established building elements (according to the UNIFORMAT II format. This practice establishes a process for measuring construction job productivity by comparing labor usage to CPIP.FIG. 1 Measurement of Productivity at the Industry, Project, and Task Level1.2 JPM measures labor productivity of the installation processes on a construction job.21.3 CPIP is measured with input from the labor performing the installation, utilizing elements of statistical process control (SPC) and industrial engineering.1.4 JPM takes into account the difficulty of installation at any given point on a job.1.5 JPM evaluates relative productivity changes using trend monitoring.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.