5.1 The procedure in this test method is used to evaluate the effectiveness of a test reagent (antimicrobial agent/active ingredient) or formulation to reduce or completely kill bacterial populations on contaminated fabrics and in wash water following a single wash under simulated low wash volume conditions. The water to fabric ratio in common front loading machines is dynamic and varies by region and machine used. The proper water to fabric ratio and temperature for the worse-case scenario for product use should be determined and documented prior to testing.1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate sanitizing/disinfectant laundry detergents/additives for use in front loading high efficiency (HE) automatic clothes washing operations that typically utilize very low wash water volumes. This test method is designed to provide testing with representative vegetative bacteria but can also be designed to accommodate the testing of fungi and viruses.1.2 This test method is intended to compliment Test Method E2274 and is to be used in the cases where this test method is determined to be the worse case scenario for product usage.NOTE 1: Test Method E2274 is the recommended method to evaluate sanitizing/disinfectant laundry detergent/additives for use in traditional high wash water volume automatic clothes washing operations.1.3 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.1.4 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine whether Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) are required and to follow them where appropriate (see section 40 CFR, 160 or as revised.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 2: In this test method, metric units are used for all applications, except for distance, in which case inches are used.1.6 Appropriate modifications to the test method may be required when the testing organisms are not specified herein.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method offers a procedure for evaluation of medical face mask materials for bacterial filtration efficiency. This test method does not define acceptable levels of bacterial filtration efficiency. Therefore, when using this test method it is necessary to describe the specific condition under which testing is conducted.5.2 This test method has been specifically designed for measuring bacterial filtration efficiency of medical face masks, using Staphylococcus aureus as the challenge organism. The use of S. aureus is based on its clinical relevance as a leading cause of nosocomial infections.5.3 This test method has been designed to introduce a bacterial aerosol challenge to the test specimens at a flow rate of 28.3 L/mm (1 ft3/min). This flow rate is within the range of normal respiration and within the limitations of the cascade impactor.5.4 Unless otherwise specified, the testing shall be performed with the inside of the medical face mask in contact with the bacterial challenge. Testing may be performed with the aerosol challenge directed through either the face side or liner side of the test specimen, thereby allowing evaluation of filtration efficiencies which relate to both patient-generated aerosols and wearer-generated aerosols.5.5 Degradation by physical, chemical, and thermal stresses could negatively impact the performance of the medical face mask material. The integrity of the material can also be compromised during use by such effects as flexing and abrasion, or by wetting with contaminants such as alcohol and perspiration. Testing without these stresses could lead to a false sense of security. If these conditions are of concern, evaluate the performance of the medical face mask material for bacterial filtration efficiency following an appropriate pretreatment technique representative of the expected conditions of use. Consider preconditioning to assess the impact of storage conditions and shelf life for disposable products, and the effects of laundering and sterilization for reusable products.5.6 If this procedure is used for quality control, perform proper statistical design and analysis of larger data sets. This type of analysis includes, but is not limited to, the number of individual specimens tested, the average percent bacterial filtration efficiency, and standard deviation. Data reported in this way help to establish confidence limits concerning product performance. Examples of acceptable sampling plans are found in references such as ANSI/ASQ Z1.4 and ISO 2859-1.1.1 This test method is used to measure the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of medical face mask materials, employing a ratio of the upstream bacterial challenge to downstream residual concentration to determine filtration efficiency of medical face mask materials.1.2 This test method is a quantitative method that allows filtration efficiency for medical face mask materials to be determined. The maximum filtration efficiency that can be determined by this method is 99.9 %.1.3 This test method does not apply to all forms or conditions of biological aerosol exposure. Users of the test method should review modes for worker exposure and assess the appropriateness of the method for their specific applications.1.4 This test method evaluates medical face mask materials as an item of protective clothing but does not evaluate materials for regulatory approval as respirators. If respiratory protection for the wearer is needed, a NIOSH-certified respirator should be used. Relatively high bacterial filtration efficiency measurements for a particular medical face mask material do not ensure that the wearer will be protected from biological aerosols, since this test method primarily evaluates the performance of the composite materials used in the construction of the medical face mask and not its design, fit, or facial-sealing properties.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance of the standard.1.6 This test method does not address breathability of the medical face mask materials or any other properties affecting the ease of breathing through the medical face mask material.1.7 This test method may also be used to measure the bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE) of other porous medical products such as surgical gowns, surgical drapes, and sterile barrier systems.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Subject to the limitations listed in 1.3, this practice can be used as a research tool to optimize spray equipment and paint formulations, as well as to study the relative effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables, spray application equipment, type of coatings, etc.1.1 This practice covers the evaluation and comparison of the transfer efficiency of spray-applied coatings under general laboratory conditions. Transfer efficiency is the ratio of paint solids deposited to the total paint solids used during the application process, expressed as a percent. This practice can be used to study the effect on transfer efficiency of changing operating variables and paint formulations. Key variables that need to be controlled are listed in 8.13.NOTE 1: It is important that all process or formulation parameters, except that which is intentionally being changed, be kept consistent from test to test. If not done, the results of the study are to be questioned.1.2 The reproducibility of this practice is highly dependent on the degree of control of the parameters listed in Section 8 of the practice.1.3 Limitations—This laboratory practice indicates only the direction of the effect of operating variables and liquid paint formulations on transfer efficiency under conditions of the laboratory test: the magnitude of the effect can be determined only with specific plant experience. In fact, the nature of the critical parameters that affect transfer efficiency makes clear that it is not possible to extrapolate laboratory results.NOTE 2: The laboratory practice outlined involves general laboratory spray equipment and procedures and is derived from Test Method D5009. This practice and Test Method D5009 are both derived from a study and report of transfer efficiency measurements conducted for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. For laboratories that have access to a conveyor and mass flow measurement equipment, a suitable, potentially more reproducible, tested method is defined in Test Method D5009.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements see Section 7, 8.10.10.5, and 8.13.1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The primary function of a hydraulic fluid is to transmit power. This practice provides uniform guidelines for comparing fluids in terms of their power-transmitting abilities as reflected in their effect on hydraulic system or component efficiency and productivity.5.2 Practical advantages of enhanced hydraulic system efficiency may include increased productivity (faster machine cycle time), reduced power consumption (electricity or fuel), and reduced environmental impact (lower emissions).5.3 Differences in fluid performance may be relatively small. Consequently, it is essential that the necessary experimental controls are implemented to ensure consistency in operating conditions and duty cycle when comparing the energy efficiency of different hydraulic fluid formulations.5.4 This practice implies no evaluation of hydraulic fluid quality other than its effect on hydraulic system efficiency.1.1 This practice covers all types and grades of hydraulic fluids.1.2 This practice is applicable to both laboratory and field evaluations.1.3 This practice provides guidelines for conducting hydraulic fluid evaluations. It does not prescribe a specific efficiency test methodology.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Oil content values are generally contained in specifications for oil-impregnated PM bearings.5.2 The oil-impregnation efficiency provides an indication of how well the as-received parts had been impregnated.5.3 The desired self-lubricating performance of PM bearings requires a minimum amount of surface-connected porosity and satisfactory oil impregnation of the surface-connected porosity. A minimum oil content is specified.5.4 The results from these test methods may be used for quality control or compliance purposes.1.1 This standard describes three related test methods that cover the measurement of physical properties of oil-impregnated powder metallurgy products.1.1.1 Determination of the volume percent of oil contained in the material.1.1.2 Determination of the efficiency of the oil-impregnation process.1.1.3 Determination of the percent surface-connected porosity by oil impregnation.1.2 Units—With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Significance—Dried blood represents a significant challenge to cleaning surgical instruments. The water-soluble components of blood are easily rendered insoluble when exposed to heat, chemical solutions, or time at room temperature. The water insoluble component of blood is fibrin built up during coagulation. These proteins bind quite readily to the surfaces of surgical instruments making them difficult to remove even with the aid of chemical cleaning agents. Instruments contaminated with blood residue after reprocessing represent a significant threat for infection to healthcare workers and patients. Healthcare facilities typically employ the use of automated instrument washers. These devices combine mechanical action along with chemical cleaning agents in a staged cleaning cycle designed to thoroughly clean surgical instruments. To function properly, these machines must be performing at targeted mechanical efficiency and deliver the correct chemical cleaning agents at the correct temperature, at the correct dosage for the correct period of time. Manufacturers of automated washers and manufacturers of cleaning detergent need to evaluate the performance of their products utilizing a surrogate for surgical instruments soiled with blood. The results of the performance testing will be used to improve product design and for validation of the performance of their product for various regulatory requirements.4.2 Use—The regular, periodic use of the blood soil test is a systemic challenge to the functioning of an automated washer. To properly challenge the cleaning device, the test must be analogous to the dried blood soil, to the stainless steel substrate, and to the physical barriers presented by surgical instruments. These physical barriers include the box lock, or pivot joint of a hinged instrument, the serrated tips, and crevices of surgical instruments. On the test coupon, the components of blood are similar to the state of dried blood on instruments. By utilizing a grooved stainless steel coupon, the substrate is similar to that of stainless steel instruments. By mounting the soiled coupon in a plastic holder the physical barriers represented by cracks and crevices of instruments (for example, box locks) are represented. Users are provided with an interpretation guide that aids them in interpreting results that are less than optimal. For instance, failure to remove the fibrin layer of blood soil (which is water insoluble) indicates a problem with the chemical cleaning agent(s). Failure to evenly remove a hemoglobin soil indicates a mechanical failure. Failure to remove any soil indicates either a catastrophic mechanical failure, or inappropriate settings for the initial rinse stage. As a standardized challenge, the test provides a reproducible means for the washer manufacturer and the detergent manufacturer to compare new designs and formulations to those existing within their own product line as well as those of others in the market. For the purpose of submitting their instructions for use, the test provides a means to validate the performance of their product with a device that is a surrogate for the devices their products will be used to clean in the practical setting. This validation testing can be used as part of any necessary documentation for regulatory filings and records.1.1 This guide is based on a standardized test soil correlating to coagulated blood suitable for screening tests and the evaluation of the cleaning efficiency of washer-disinfectors used for reprocessing of surgical instruments. This guide strictly deals with cleaning and does not describe any methods that are related to disinfection. See Referenced Documents D5343, D4008, D4265, D2960, and D3050 in Section 2 for additional information.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, a silt barrier, or a silt curtain, for specific soil tested.5.2 This test method may be used for the design of the filtration component of a sediment retention device to meet requirements of regulatory agencies in filtering efficiency or flow rate for the specific soil tested.5.2.1 The designer can use this test method to determine the spacing between sediment retention devices.5.3 This test method is intended for performance evaluation, as the results will depend on the specific soil evaluated. Unless testing with the default soil is desired, it is recommended that the user or representative perform the test to pre-approve products, as sediment retention device manufacturers are not typically equipped to handle or test soil requirements.5.4 This test method provides a means of evaluating the filtration component of sediment retention devices with different soils under various conditions that simulate the conditions that exist in a sediment retention device installation. This test method may be used to simulate several storm events on the same sediment retention device specimen. Therefore, the number of times this test is repeated per specimen is dependent upon the user and the site conditions.1.1 This test method is used to determine the filtering efficiency and the flow rate of the filtration component of a sediment retention device, such as a silt fence, silt barrier, or inlet protector.1.1.1 The results are shown as a percentage for filtering efficiency and cubic metres per square metre per minute (m3/m2/min) or gallons per square foot per minute (gal/ft2/min) for flow rate.1.1.2 The filtering efficiency indicates the percent of sediment removed from sediment-laden water.1.1.3 The flow rate is the average rate of passage of the sediment-laden water through the filtration component of a sediment retention device.1.2 This test method requires several specialized pieces of equipment, such as an integrated water sampler and an analytical balance, or a vacuum filtration system. At the client’s discretion, the test soil is either a site-specific soil or a soil that is representative of a target default gradation.1.3 The values stated in SI units are the standard, while the inch-pound units are provided for information. The values expressed in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Old coatings, such as paint or related coatings, may have to be removed from a surface before successful recoating can occur. This practice can be used to test the coatings removal efficiency of products designed for such use.1.1 The practice evaluates the effectiveness of coatings removers used on clear or pigmented coatings as applied to wood and metal.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Cooking can be one of the most polluting activities commonly and regularly occurring in residential environments. Capturing airborne cooking contaminants before they can mix with the indoor air is a critical indoor air quality control method.5.2 Range hoods are used in homes to remove cooking-generated contaminants above cooking surfaces before they mix with air in the rest of the house. This test method is used to measure the capture efficiency under specific conditions that permit comparisons and ratings of range hoods.5.3 Range hoods may be manufactured and intended to operate at different flow rates or using different inserts such as filters. This test method may be used to determine capture efficiency over the range of rated air flows and operating configurations of a range hood. The rated air flows shall be listed and shall be tested in accordance with HVI Test Procedure 916, IEC 61591, ASHRAE 51/AMCA 210, or equivalent. The maximum air flow allowed for this test method is 200 L/s.1.1 This test method measures the capture efficiency of wall-mounted domestic range hoods under controlled conditions in a test chamber.1.2 This test method applies to range hoods that exhaust air to outside and does not apply to recirculating range hoods.1.3 This test method only applies to range hood air flows up to 200 L/s and widths up to 0.91 m (36 in.).1.4 This test method is intended to quantify the capture efficiency of range hoods under controlled laboratory conditions suitable for rating.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. If a value for measurement is followed by a value in other units in parentheses, the second value may be approximate. The first stated value is the requirement.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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