1.1 This guide provides assistance for the site security engineer to select the proper components required to design a site-specific, welded-wire physical security perimeter barrier.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the physical protection security concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of the standard to establish the appropriate design level of physical protection required and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements or limitations.1.3 Specification F2453 is to be used in conjunction with this guide.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Some specific hazards statements are given in Section 7 on Hazards.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. Mortar shall be mixed and shall be selected in accordance with the proportion specification prescribed. Shims shall be corrosion-resistant metal or plastic with a required minimum compressive strength. Courses of concrete masonry units between the leveling courses shall be placed without mortar on the bed or head joints. Place units in running bond. Remove burrs and butt blocks tightly. Use shims, mortar, or surface bonding mortar to plum and level individual units when necessary. Use clean mixing equipment and water free of deleterious amounts of acid, alkali, and organic materials. Mix only full bag multiples of material to overcome any segregation of ingredients. Mixing time shall be kept to a minimum, as over mixing may cause damage to the fibers. Before applying surface bonding mortar, wet the wall uniformly with water to prevent excessive suction of water from the surface bonding mortar. Trowel- or spray-apply surface bonding mortar to both sides of dry-stacked concrete masonry units. When a second coat of surface bonding mortar is to be applied, the first coat shall have taken its initial set. Dampen the wall with a water mist after a specified time, but within a day of application of surface bonding mortar. The top of the walls shall be covered with a nonstaining, waterproof covering to prevent moisture from entering the wall until the top is permanently protected.1.1 This practice covers material, workmanship, and construction procedures for applying surface bonded mortar to both sides of dry stacked concrete masonry units. It does not include grout, reinforcing, anchorage, or control joints since their use is essentially the same as conventional concrete masonry construction, unless specifically mentioned in this practice.NOTE 1: Design and construction procedures for conventional concrete masonry construction are found in Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures (TMS 402-16) and Specification for Masonry Structures (TMS 602-16).1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

1.1 Applicability: 1.1.1 This specification identifies the industry standards that have been determined by consensus to demonstrate compliance to the requirements (“the Rules”) for Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS).1.1.2 This specification does not apply to UAS carrying passengers or crew.1.1.3 The following are outside the scope of this Design and Construction Specification: Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) or Hybrid Aircraft, Passenger or Crew Carrying UAS, Seaplanes or Amphibians, UAS Certified for Acrobatic Flight, Lightweight UAS that fall under Specification F3298, Recreational UAS (Model Aircraft), Detect and Avoid Systems, Control Station Specifics to Human Factors, Building Codes that apply to Ground Control Stations, and Command and Control Link.1.1.4 Only standards that are considered mature enough for general application to certification projects and have been found acceptable by committee consensus to propose to the civil aviation authorities (CAAs) for acceptance as a Means of Compliance (MoC) to their Rules are included.1.1.5 In the event that a particular CAA’s requirements are not harmonized with the other CAA’s requirements, the standards will be written to include the non-harmonized requirements as well as the harmonized requirements with the applicability defined in the standard.1.2 Civil Aviation Authorities—CAAs may accept a specific revision of this specification as an acceptable MoC to their requirements. Acceptance and applicability as an MoC to the CAA’s airworthiness rules remains the decision of the respective CAAs. CAAs may accept this specification, with or without limitations as defined in their specification acceptance document. For information on which CAAs have accepted these standards (in whole or in part) as an acceptable MoC to their Rules, refer to the ASTM Committee F44 (General Aviation), ASTM Committee F38 (Unmanned Aerial Systems) or ASTM Committee F39 (Aircraft Systems) webpages (www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F44.htm, www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F38.htm, www.astm.org/COMMITTEE/F39.htm), which include CAA website links.1.3 Applicant Responsibility—The applicant must seek individual guidance from their respective CAA concerning the use of this specification and any referenced Specifications, Practices, Test Methods, or Guides to show compliance to the CAA rules. Alternatively, an applicant may propose an MoC other than those included in this specification, but it is their responsibility to obtain acceptance of their proposed MoC from their CAA.1.4 This specification is based heavily on the ASTM Committee F44 General Aviation means of compliance guidelines. Unmanned Aircraft System specific guidance is provided below for areas where considerations specific to the unmanned application of aircraft differs from traditional manned aircraft specification or certification requirements. ASTM F3264–18b, Standard Specification for Normal Category Aeroplanes Certification, from the Committee F44 General Aviation group was used as the starting point with referenced ASTM F44 MoC Specification referenced throughout. The referenced F44 standard is to be used as is except in the areas where UAS-specific changes to standard MoC practices have been identified. These changes are identified in the following manner:1.4.1 Unique Addition for UAS—New UAS-specific MoC added in addition to standard MoC in areas where new UAS functionality is introduced.1.4.2 Substitutions for UAS—Modification of standard MoC to create similar UAS-specific MoCs.1.4.3 Not Applicable for UAS—MoCs not needed for Unmanned Aircraft or Remote Pilot Station.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 These test methods cover the construction testing of machine-made woven, knitted, and tufted pile yarn floor covering both before and after an adhesive back coating, which bonds the backing fabric, has been applied. 1.2 This standard includes the following test methods: 1.2.1 Specimen preparation procedures common to Sections 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 are presented in Annex A1, Preparing Specimens of Measured Area. Annexes A2 and A3 give examples of typical calculations for Sections 9 and 11. 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard for all measurements except mass. The SI (metric) values for all measurements except mass are provided for information purposes only. 1.4 This standard may involve the use of hazardous materials, operations and equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein, it also covers the design, construction, and procurement of emergency medical services systems ambulances. Types: type I-conventional truck, cab-chassis with modular ambulance body, type I-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity)-A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue and fire suppression package, type II-standard van, integral cab-body ambulance, type III-cutaway van, cab-chassis with integral or containerized modular body ambulance, and type III-AD (additional duty-with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity) A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or fire suppression package, or both. Performance test, vehicle weight test, road test, water spray test, and oxygen system test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This practice covers certified, tested, commercial type, EMSS ambulances built on chassis that are suitable for the intended application and meet the requirements herein. The ambulances are front or rear wheel driven (4x2) or four wheel driven (4x4) and warranted as specified in Section 9. 1.1.1 Definition of Ambulance—An ambulance is a vehicle for emergency medical care which provides: a driver's compartment; a patient compartment to accommodate an emergency medical technician (EMT)/paramedic and two litter patients (one patient located on the primary cot and a secondary patient on a folding litter located on the squad bench) so positioned that the primary patient can be given intensive life-support during transit; equipment and supplies for emergency care at the scene as well as during transport; two-way radio communication; and, when necessary, equipment for light rescue/extrication procedures. The ambulance shall be designed and constructed to afford safety, comfort, and avoid aggravation of the patient's injury or illness. 1.1.2 This practice may be used to procure an ambulance and the applicable additional systems and equipment. 1.1.3 Purchasers should follow the ordering data in 9.2 to aid them with the preparation of their procurement specification, requisition, and contract. The purpose of this practice is to describe minimum requirements for design, construction, performance, equipment, testing, and appearance of EMSS ambulances that are authorized to display the “Star of Life” symbol so as to provide a practical degree of standardization. The reasons for such standardization are to provide ambulances that are easily detected, nationally recognizable, properly constructed, easily maintained, and, when appropriately equipped, will enable Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) to safely and reliably perform their functions as basic and advanced prehospital life support providers as set forth in national EMSS standard training guidelines. These functions include: 1.1.3.1 Responding to, providing appropriate basic or advanced life support, on-site, to persons reported experiencing acute injury or illness in a pre-hospital setting, and transporting them, while continuing such life support care, to an appropriate medical facility for definitive care. 1.1.3.2 Providing interhospital critical transport care. 1.1.3.3 Transporting essential personnel and equipment to and from the site of a multiple medical emergency or a triage site and transporting appropriately triaged patients to designated medical facilities. 1.1.3.4 Other functions deemed appropriate by EMSS ambulance service managers and approved by designated EMSS medical directors. 1.2 “Star of Life” Certification—Ambulance manufacturer/contractor shall furnish the purchaser(s) citing this practice an authenticated certification and label (see 6.19) that certifies a “Star of Life” ambulance and equipment complying with this practice and applicable amendments (if any) in effect on the date of manufacture (see 7.3). Ambulance vehicles so certified may display the registered “Star of Life” symbol, as defined by the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), see Fig. 1. 1.3 Classification—“Star of Life” ambulance designs included in this practice may be described in terms of their body type (I, II, or III), class of drive (“1” for two rear wheel drive or “2” for four wheel drive), and floor configuration (A for Advanced Life Support or B for Basic Life Support). Such descriptions may be used to define a variety of ambulance designs which are eligible for certification as “Star of Life” ambulances. (To specify, see 9.2.2 and 9.2.3). Note 1—For optional advanced life support (ALS) applications, users should consider specifying a modular (Type I or III) ambulance. Modular ambulances provide additional space and compartmentation for cardiac monitors, drug cases, and so forth. The basic life support (BLS) configuration is standard on all types. 1.3.1 Type I—Conventional truck, cab-chassis with modular ambulance body (see Fig. 2). Class Configuration Two rear wheel driven (4x2)A or B Four wheel driven (4x4)A or B Configuration A: Elevating cot and squad bench for ALS (see 6.1.5.1 and 6.11.4). Configuration B: Elevating cot and squad bench for BLS (see 6.1.5.2). 1.3.1.1 Type I—AD (Additional Duty—with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity)—A or B or Neonatal, Critical Patient Transport, or A or B with Rescue and Fire Suppression Package (see 6.1.2.1). Class Configuration Two rear wheel driven (4x2)A or B* Four wheel driven (4x4)A or B* *As specified by purchaser. The configuration shall provide for a neonatal, critical patient transport, configuration A or B with fire suppression package and rescue capability when specified. 1.3.2 Type II—Standard van, integral cab-body ambulance (see 6.1.3 and Fig. 3). Class Configuration Two rear wheel driven (4x2)A** or B Four wheel driven (4x4)*A** or B *Requires conversion of chassis to four wheel drive (4x4), (see 6.1.6). **On a Type II, ALS features are limited, (see 9.2.3). 1.3.3 Type III—Cutaway van, cab-chassis with integral or containerized modular body ambulance (see 6.1.4 and Fig. 4). Class Configuration Two rear wheel driven (4x2)A or B Four wheel driven (4x4)*A or B *Requires conversion of chassis to four wheel drive (4x4), (see 6.1.6). Configuration A: Elevating cot and squad bench for ALS (see 6.1.5.1 and 6.11.4). Configuration B: Elevating cot and squad bench for BLS (see 6.1.5.2). 1.3.3.1 Type III—AD (Additional Duty—with increased GVWR, storage, and payload capacity) A or B or neonatal, critical patient transport, or A or B with rescue, or fire suppression package, or both (see 6.1.4.1). ClassConfiguration Two rear driven (4 × 2)A or B* Four wheel driven (4 × 4)A or B* *As specified by purchaser. The configuration shall provide for a neonatal, critical patient transport, configuration A or B with fire suppression package and rescue capability when specified. 1.4 Order of Precedence—In the event of a conflict between the text of this practice and the references cited herein, the text of this practice shall take precedence, except where required by law including Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. FIG. 1 “Star of Life Symbol” FIG. 2 Type I Ambulance FIG. 3 Type II Ambulance FIG. 4 Type III Ambulance

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

This practice provides guidance in preparing precision and bias statements for ASTM test methods pertaining to construction materials. Test method shall conform to the maximum acceptable range of individual measurements. In order to be valid the indexes of precision to be included in the precision statement as guides for the operator must be based on estimates of the precision of the test method obtained from a statistically designed inter-laboratory series of tests. This series of tests must involve a sufficient number of laboratories, materials, and replicate measurements so that the results obtained provide reliable estimates of the true precision characteristic of the test method. The procedures described in this practice are based on the assumption that the proper estimates of precision have already been obtained. In any test method, tolerances are placed on the accuracy of measuring equipment. All tests made with a given set of equipment which has an error within the permitted tolerance will produce results with a small consistent bias, but that bias is not inherent in the test method and is not included in the bias statement for the test method. There are two conditions which permit the bias of a test method to be estimated: a standard reference sample of known value has been tested by the test method, and the test method has been applied to a sample which has been compounded in such a manner that the true value of the property being measured is known, such as may be the case, for example, in a test for cement content of concrete.1.1 The Form and Style for ASTM Standards requires that all test methods contain statements on precision and bias. Further, the precision statement is required to contain a statement on single-operator precision (repeatability) and a statement on multilaboratory precision (reproducibility). This practice provides guidance for preparing precision and bias statements that comply with these requirements. Discussion of the purpose and significance of precision and bias statements for users of test methods is also provided. Examples of precision statements that conform to this practice are included in Appendix X1. This practice supplements Practice E177 and has been developed to meet the needs of ASTM Committees dealing with construction materials.NOTE 1: Although this practice is under the jurisdiction of Committee C09, the current version was developed jointly by Committees C01 and C09 and has subsequently been adopted for use by other committees dealing with construction materials.1.2 This practice assumes that an interlaboratory study (ILS) has been completed in accordance with Practice C802 or Practice E691. The interlaboratory study provides the necessary statistical values to write the precision and bias statements.1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified. Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only in examples of precision and bias statements.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required.1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number designations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges.1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.NOTE 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

3.1 The magnitude of the changes in the electrical properties of the silicone fluid is of importance in determining the contamination of the fluid by the test specimen.3.2 Physical and chemical changes in the fluid, such as color and acidity, also indicate solubility or other adverse effects of the test specimen on the fluid.3.3 Physical changes of the test specimen, such as hardness, swelling, and discoloration, show the effect of the fluid on the test specimen and are used to determine the suitability of the material for use in silicone fluid.3.4 A material meeting the criteria recommended does not necessarily indicate suitability for use in electrical equipment. Other properties must also be considered. Additionally, certain materials containing additives may meet the requirements of these test methods yet be unsatisfactory when subjected to longer-term evaluations.3.5 These test methods may be used as a guide for testing the compatibility of materials for silicone fluids other than 50 cSt poly-dimethyl siloxane fluid, but different criteria for judgment may be necessary.1.1 These test methods cover screening for the compatibility of construction materials with silicone fluid for use in electrical equipment.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 The way adhesives are used in plywood makes shear strength an important performance criteria.4.2 Shear strength measured by this test is suitable for use in adhesive development, manufacturing quality control, and in materials performance specifications.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the comparative shear strengths of adhesives in plywood-type construction, when tested on a standard specimen and under specified conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is intended to be applied only to adhesives used in bonding wood to wood.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 618元 / 折扣价： 526 元 加购物车

This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.1.1 This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semi-structural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having wood-based surfaces at the bondline. This specification does not cover other adhesives used in manufactured homes such as adhesives for carpet, floor tile, ceramic fixtures, plastic laminates, trim and millwork, and similar nonstructural applications.1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:Number Test Section 1 Low Temperature 16 2 Dry Lumber 17 3 Gap-Filling 18 4 High Temperature 19 5 Type 3 Qualification 20 6 Type 2 Qualification 21 7 Aging, Film Oxidation 22 8 Aging, Bond Oxidation 23 9 Resistance to Deformation, Creep 2410 Mold 2511 Type 1 Qualification 261.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The slip hazard from aggressive contaminants on walkway surfaces is often found in commercial and industrial (not including construction) settings including fresh fruits and vegetables open display areas, manufacturing processes, food preparation and processing areas, rendering operations, transportation and cargo handling activities, petroleum drilling platforms, and other similar environments.5.2 Ladder rungs, steps and other similar means of access and egress should be considered as walkway surfaces in slip-resistance analyses in commercial and industrial (not including construction) environments where aggressive contaminants are determined to be a factor.1.1 This guide is intended to assist in the selection of walking surfaces and treatments where the foreseeable presence of aggressive contaminants produces the danger of a slip and fall injury events in commercial and industrial (not including construction) environments, for persons wearing appropriate footwear.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This specification covers the requirements for design and construction of evaluation devices or systems for measuring composition or quality constituents of live animals, livestock and poultry carcasses, and individual cuts of meat, or a combination thereof. Examples include, but are not limited, to half and whole carcasses, primals, subprimals, and boxed meat.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 515元 / 折扣价： 438 元 加购物车

4.1 Live fascines are used to provide erosion and sedimentation control by increasing infiltration, slowing or redirecting runoff, and trapping seed and sediments. The method provides shallow mechanical surface slope stabilization, and provides enhanced values through vegetative growth and additional shallow soil reinforcement through the development of the roots. The ability of live fascines to function properly depends on the quality and choice of the materials used to construct the live fascine, the means and methods of fabrication and installation, and proper consideration of site characteristics and time of year. For the live fascine to function completely, it is important that the live fascine develops suitable growth.1.1 This practice covers the material, fabrication and installation work to construct live fascines.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgement. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without considerations of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

The use of sound speed values to determine changes in the elastic constants due to applied or residual stress requires that such measurements be of high precision and low bias. For that reason, special evaluation tests to determine a representative precision and bias for the specific technique, method, and equipment setup used are given. Speed of sound is a measure that depends on the accurate measurements of length of path of travel and transit time or other related parameters such as frequency, etc. Both measurements are subject to certain interpretations and assumptions and are highly dependent on laboratory expertise. This practice provides a means of checking overall technique. This practice shall be used when it is necessary to assess the systematic and random errors associated with a particular speed of sound measurement in a solid medium. It can be used to check both equipment performance and measurement technique for these errors. It can also be used to study inherent errors in a particular method. It can also be used to assess proposed corrections to sound speed measurements such as the phase corrections of Papadakis (3, 4). The resultant precision and bias determined by the use of the described block represents a more ideal situation than the same measurement performed in practice, in the field. Thus, the error for the specific field measurement may be larger than indicated by this test. This test represents the best error condition for a given technique and practice. 1.1 This practice provides a means for evaluating both systematic and random errors for ultrasonic speed-of-sound measurement systems which are used for evaluating material characteristics associated with residual stress and which may also be used for nondestructive measurements of the dynamic elastic moduli of materials. Important features and construction details of a reference block crucial to these error evaluations are described. This practice can be used whenever the precision and bias of sound speed values are in question.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

4.1 This practice is useful for determining the location or time, or both, to take a sample in order to minimize any unintentional bias on the part of the person taking the sample.NOTE 1: The effectiveness of this practice in achieving random samples is limited only by the conscientiousness of the user in following the stipulated procedures.4.2 The selection procedures and examples in this standard provide a practical approach for ensuring that construction material samples are obtained in a random manner. Additional details concerning the number of sample increments, the number of samples, the quantities of material in each, and the procedures for extracting sample increments or samples from the construction lot or process are contained in Practices C172, C183, D75, D140, D979, D5361, and Test Method D345.4.3 This standard contains examples citing road and paving materials. The concepts outlined herein are applicable to the random sampling of any construction material and can easily be adapted thereto.4.4 Additional sampling guidance is provided in Practice E105 concerning probability sampling, Practice E122 concerning choosing sample sizes to estimate the average quality of a lot or process (see Note 2), and in Practice E141 for acceptance of evidence based on results of probability sampling.NOTE 2: The guidance contained in Practice E122 is not available in other documents referenced in this section.4.5 The best and most practical method for ensuring that samples of construction materials include the full range of a construction process is by incorporating a stratified random sampling procedure into the sampling process. To implement a stratified random sampling procedure, divide the lot to be sampled into the desired number of equal sublots and randomly sample each sublot in accordance with this standard.NOTE 3: If the sublots are of unequal size, it will likely be necessary to weigh the samples in order to maintain a fair and defensible sampling process.1.1 This practice covers the determination of random locations (or timing) at which samples of construction materials can be taken. For the exact physical procedures for securing the sample, such as a description of the sampling tool, the number of increments needed for a sample, or the size of the sample, reference should be made to the appropriate standard method. The selection procedures in Section 6 utilize the table of four-digit numbers given in Table 1.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

定价： 646元 / 折扣价： 550 元 加购物车