This practice covers the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding. The materials are categorized as carbon steel, carbon and carbon-manganese steel, low alloy steel, ferritic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, low carbon austenitic stainless steel, unstabilized austenitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex austenitic-ferritic stainless steel, precipitation-hardened austenitic stainless steel, nickel base alloy, steel castings, austenitic manganese. The orientation of the welds with respect to the horizontal and vertical planes of reference is classified into four positions, namely, flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead. Four types of test shall be conducted in the qualification procedures such as tension test, bend test, Charpy impact test and radiographic test. Guided bend test specimens shall be prepared by cutting the test plate or pipe to form specimens of approximately rectangular cross section. Guided bend test specimens are of three types depending on which surface -side bend, face bend, or root bend is on the convex (outer) side of the bent specimen. A welding procedure must be set up as a new procedure and must be requalified when any of the changes in essential variables, inclusive, are made. Changes other than those listed may be made without requalification, provided the procedure is revised to show these changes. All welders and operators welding castings under this practice shall pass the welder qualification test. The welder or operator successfully performing the procedure qualification test is automatically qualified for performance. 1.1 This practice covers the qualification of procedures, welders, and operators for the fabrication and repair of steel castings by electric arc welding. 1.1.1 Qualifications of a procedure and either or both the operator or welder under Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code shall automatically qualify the procedure and either or both the operator or welder under this practice. P-number designations in the ASME grouping of base metals for qualification may be different than the category numbers listed in Table 1. Refer to Appendix X1 for a comparison of ASTM category numbers with the corresponding ASME P-number designations. 1.2 Each manufacturer or contractor is responsible for the welding done by his organization and shall conduct the tests required to qualify his welding procedures, welders, and operators. 1.3 Each manufacturer or contractor shall maintain a record of welding procedure qualification tests (Fig. 1), welder or operator performance qualification tests (Fig. 2), and welding procedure specification (Fig. 3), which shall be made available to the purchaser's representative on request. 1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard. 1.4.1 SI Units—Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This test method describes the procedure to evaluate or compare, or both, the durability of sealants when subjected to accelerated weathering and cyclic movement in a joint.4.2 Sealant installation procedures, design considerations and movement during cure affect the aging processes and are fundamental to the success of any sealant. These factors are not addressed with this test method.4.3 The amount, type and frequency of movement a sealant experiences during its lifetime strongly depends on the materials used in construction and on the orientation of the joint toward sunlight and many other factors that are not uniform or consistent.4.4 Climatic exposures will differ with the orientation of the building and shading as well as with local and regional climatic conditions. Climates in a given location can vary from year to year because of differences in solar radiation, temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric conditions. Further, the quality and intensity of solar radiation on the earth's surface varies with geographic location, season, time of day, and cloud cover.4.5 Variations in results may be expected when operating conditions are varied within the accepted limits of this test method. Therefore, all test results using this test method must be accompanied by a report of the specific operating conditions as required in Section 11. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results obtained according to this test method.4.6 The results of laboratory exposure cannot be directly extrapolated to estimate an absolute rate of deterioration caused by natural weathering because the acceleration factor is material dependent and can be significantly different for each material and for different formulations of the same material. However, exposure of a similar material of known outdoor performance, a control, along with the test specimens allows comparison of the durability relative to that of the control under the test conditions. Evaluation in terms of relative durability also greatly improves the agreement in test results among different laboratories.4.7 Results of this procedure will depend on the care that is taken to operate the equipment according to Practices G154 and G155. Significant factors include regulation of the line voltage, freedom from salt or other deposits from water, temperature control, humidity control, where applicable, condition and age of the burners and filters in xenon arc equipment, and age of lamps in fluorescent UV equipment.NOTE 1: Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.1.1 This test method covers the method for the determination of the durability of a sealant based on its ability to function in cyclic movement maintaining adhesion and cohesion after repeated exposure to laboratory accelerated weathering procedures.1.2 This test method describes two laboratory accelerated weathering procedures for evaluating the durability of a sealant.1.3 RILEM TC139–DBS is related to this test method.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice provides a standard immersion procedure for investigating the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic to a liquid waste, leachate, or chemical in a laboratory environment. The conditions specified in this practice are intended both to provide a basis of standardization and to serve as a guide for those wishing to compare or investigate the chemical resistance of a geosynthetic material(s) in a laboratory environment. Practice D5496 can be used should the user need to assess the performance of a geosynthetic in field conditions.4.2 This practice is not intended to establish, by itself, the behavior of geosynthetics when exposed to liquids. Such behavior, referred to as chemical resistance, can be defined only in terms of specific chemical solutions and methods of testing and evaluation criteria selected by the user.1.1 This practice covers laboratory immersion procedures for the testing of geosynthetics for chemical resistance to liquid wastes, prepared chemical solutions, and leachates derived from solid wastes.1.2 This standard is not applicable to some geosynthetics such as geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs), because of their composite nature requiring a confining pressure during immersion. However, individual geosynthetic components of the GCL can be tested.1.3 This standard was originally developed to supplement and expand EPA 9090 to include all geosynthetics. EPA 9090 has not been updated since 1992.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see Section 7.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended to induce color changes in sealants, as well as their constituent pigments, associated with end-use conditions, including the effects of sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposures used in this test method are not intended to simulate the color change of a sealant caused by localized weathering phenomena, such as atmospheric pollution, biological attack, or saltwater exposure.5.2 When conducting exposures in devices that use laboratory light sources, it is important to consider how well the artificial test conditions will reproduce property changes and failure modes associated with end-use environments for the sealant being tested. Information on the use and interpretation of data from accelerated exposure tests is provided in Practice G151.5.3 When this test method is used as part of a specification, exact procedure, test conditions, test duration and evaluation technique must be specified. Results obtained between the two procedures may vary, because the spectral power distribution of the light sources (fluorescent UV and xenon arc) differ. Sealants should not be compared to each other based on the results obtained in different types of apparatus.5.4 These devices are capable of matching ultraviolet solar radiation reasonably well. However, for sealants sensitive to long wavelength UV and visible solar radiation, the absence of this radiation in the fluorescent UV apparatus can distort color stability ranking when compared to exterior environment exposure.NOTE 1: Refer to Practice G151 for full cautionary guidance regarding laboratory weathering of non-metallic materials.1.1 This test method describes laboratory accelerated weathering procedures using either fluorescent ultraviolet or xenon arc test devices for determining the color stability of building construction sealants.1.2 Color stability rankings provided by these two procedures may not agree.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. Values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 There is no equivalent ISO standard for this test method.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of stable, representative, oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference test samples. When prepared as described, such test samples should be useful for collaborative methods testing, to evaluate the precision and bias of test methods, and to evaluate test methods performance during their development.5.2 The availability of defined representative natural-matrix reference or test samples, closely approximating a variety of typical environmental samples, is a key requirement for the effective collaborative methods evaluation and development of test methods, and quality assurance testing. When the composition of the reference or test samples has been determined, either for operationally defined “total recoverable” leaching techniques, or for “total analysis” determined by total dissolution, the defined samples should also be suitable for analytical quality assurance testing.5.3 Certified analyses of most rock, sediment, sludge, and soil reference samples are typically based on the total amount of each constituent of interest in the entire sample. “Total” chemical analysis of these samples generally requires complete decomposition or dissolution of the standard material. These are the only feasible analytical approaches if knowledge of finite concentrations for each element of interest in the entire sample is required. Certain instrumental methods, such as X-ray fluorescence or neutron activation analysis, may provide information as to the total constituent composition without sample destruction.5.4 Partial chemical extraction of sediments, or “total recoverable” analyses (operationally defined procedures) for selecting constituents, frequently are useful for defining “available” constituent concentrations. In addition, partial chemical extractions may also provide data on partitioning, phase associations, or on how trace elements are entrained. Operationally defined extractable trace constituent concentrations are generally best obtained by using very specific reagent mixtures and extraction procedures, including method of mixing, vessel size and shape, extraction time, temperature, and so forth.5.5 The various iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides, clay minerals, and organic solutes and particulates, that commonly occur as coatings on most oxidized sediment particles, are generally recognized as the controls governing the concentrations and distribution of most trace metals in natural water-sediment hydrologic environments. Anthropogenic sources clearly dominate in the number of sources and in total loading to most systems, although other factors may also be important.3 Under reducing conditions the iron and manganese oxide coatings, organic components, and associated trace metals may be resolubilized and remobilized. Migration of the reduced solubilized species, with possible subsequent formation of sulfides and so forth, and reoxidation and redeposition at some new location, may then occur. Analysis of extractable trace constituent concentrations in leachates obtained from reduced sediments thus will probably not be indicative of the trace constituent concentrations initially associated with the oxidized and coated sediment grains.1.1 This practice covers uniform procedures to develop, select, collect, prepare, and use oxidized, relatively unpolluted, aquatic natural-matrix bed-sediment reference samples for the collaborative testing of chemical methods of analysis for sediments and similar materials. Reference samples prepared using this practice are intended for use as natural sediments, analyzable for major, minor, and trace elements, and general physical/organic analyses only. The samples are not designed or tested for environmental pollutants such as trace organic compounds.1.2 Few, if any, aquatic sediment reference materials have been certified, defined, or are even available for developing or evaluating partial and sequential extraction procedures. This practice describes factors and considerations in site selection, sample characteristics, collection, and subsequent raw sample treatment needed to prepare natural-matrix bed-material sediments for use as partial or sequential extraction procedure reference test samples. The user of this practice is cautioned that in light of the many variables that may affect natural materials, neither the list of factors included for evaluation nor preparation of natural-matrix reference samples should be considered as all inclusive. It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity and applicability of these practices for preparing specific-matrix samples appropriate for testing the constituents of interest and the operationally defined extraction procedures utilized.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The requirements of this guide apply to personnel who perform coating and lining work inspection during (1) fabrication, (2) receipt of items at the construction site, (3) construction, (4) pre-operational and startup testing, and (5) operational phases of nuclear facilities.4.2 It is the responsibility of each organization participating in the project to ensure that only those personnel within their respective organizations who meet the requirements of this guide are permitted to perform coating and lining work inspection activities covered by this guide.4.3 The organization(s) responsible for establishing the applicable requirements for activities covered by this guide shall be identified, and the scope of their responsibility shall be documented. Delegation of this responsibility to other qualified organizations is permitted and shall be documented.4.4 It is the responsibility of the organization performing these activities to specify the detailed methods and procedures for meeting the requirements of this guide, unless those methods and procedures are otherwise specified in the contract documents.4.5 In the event of conflict, users of this guide must recognize that the licensee’s plant-specific quality assurance program and licensing commitments shall prevail with respect to the process of qualifying personnel performing inspection of coating and lining work.1.1 This guide delineates the requirements for development of procedures for the qualification and certification of personnel who perform inspection of coating and lining work. Establishment of qualification requirements to verify conformance to specified requirements for nuclear facility coating and lining work is necessary to assure satisfactory performance of the inspections and to avoid compromising safety-related coating systems.1.2 The intent of this guide is to provide a uniform interpretation of the requirements in ANSI/ASME N45.2.6 or ANSI/ASME NQA-1 as applicable, for the inspection of coating and lining work in nuclear facilities.1.3 It is the intent of this guide to provide a recommended basis for qualification and certification, not to mandate a singular basis for all qualifications. Variations or simplifications of the qualifications described in this guide may be appropriate for special coating and lining work other than safety-related coating and lining systems. Similarly, the qualification and certification process might be abbreviated for work of minor scope such as touch-up.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 International standard ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 promotes the use of documented accountability and quality control procedures to assure a laboratory and its clients that the laboratory can produce technically valid data and results in the routine performance of its sampling, sample preparation and testing activities.3.2 A laboratory shall use ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 to develop its quality system. Clause 4 of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for sound management. Clause 5 of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 specifies the requirements for technical competence for the type of tests or calibrations, or both the laboratory undertakes.3.3 In addition to complying with the requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025, the Annex of this standard practice contains information that shall be considered important for the evaluation and operation of a competent Coal and Coke sampling or testing facility, or both. The information in this Annex is presented where it is not otherwise covered in ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 or the applicable ASTM methods.3.4 Laboratory clients, regulatory authorities, and accreditation bodies that recognize the competence of testing and calibration laboratories can use this standard practice as the basis for their evaluation.3.5 The primary significance of this practice is to establish that for a laboratory to generate measurements traceable to SI units, it must:3.5.1 Have a clear understanding of the work requested by the client.3.5.2 Meet the quality system requirements of the internationally accepted ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 standard.3.5.3 Use test methods which have been shown to be traceable to SI units of measurement.3.5.4 Be able to demonstrate that the laboratory is in statistical control at the time the measurements are made.1.1 This practice specifies requirements to operate and evaluate the quality and management systems in a laboratory that provides services with respect to sample collection, sample preparation, or testing of coal, coke, and ash derived from coal or coke using ASTM standards that are under the jurisdiction of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke.NOTE 1: The word “laboratory” is used throughout this practice when referring to an organization that provides services in coal sampling or testing, or both. It is recognized, however, that the word may not be appropriate to an organization that does not perform actual laboratory sample testing.1.2 International standard ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 shall be the governing document specifying requirements for management, technical competence and evaluation of a laboratory.NOTE 2: An accrediting body or user of laboratory services can also impose technical or non-technical requirements not specifically addressed in ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025 provided they do not invalidate the requirements of ANSI/ISO/IEC 17025.1.3 This practice is used to evaluate only those capabilities specifically claimed by a laboratory.1.4 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

5.1 The efficacy of disinfection technologies can be evaluated on finished products, as well as on developmental items.5.2 This practice defines procedures for validation of the aerosol generator, preparation of the test specimen, application of the challenge virus, enumeration of viable viruses, assessing data quality, and calculation of decontamination efficacy.5.3 This practice provides defined procedures for creating droplet nuclei that approximate those produced by human respiratory secretions with particular emphasis on particle size distribution and aerosolization media.5.4 Safety concerns associated with aerosolizing microbial agents are not addressed as part of this practice. Individual users should consult with their local safety authority, and a detailed biological aerosol safety plan and risk assessment should be conducted prior to using this practice. Users are encouraged to consult the manual Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories7 published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).5.5 This practice differs from Test Methods E1052 and E2197 in the presentation of the virus to surface. The aforementioned test methods use liquid inoculum to contaminate carrier surfaces, whereas this practice presents the virus in the absence of water as droplet nuclei.5.6 This practice differs from Test Method E2721 because (1) smaller particles are being formed, (2) the droplets will be dried, thus forming droplet nuclei, prior to application to air-permeable materials, and (3) unique equipment is required to create the droplet nuclei.1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate decontamination methods (physical, chemical, self-decontaminating materials) when used on air-permeable materials contaminated with virus-containing droplet nuclei.1.2 This practice defines the conditions for simulating respiratory droplet nuclei produced by humans.1.3 The practice is specific to influenza viruses, but could be adapted for work with other types of respiratory viruses or surrogates.1.4 This practice is suitable only for air-permeable materials.1.5 This practice does not address the performance of decontaminants against microbes expelled via blood splatter, vomit, or fecal contamination.1.6 This practice should be performed only by those trained in bioaerosols, microbiology, or virology, or combinations thereof.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 0元 / 折扣价： 0 元

5.1 The efficacy of disinfection technologies can be evaluated on finished products, as well as on developmental items.5.2 This practice defines procedures for validation of the droplet generator, preparation of the test specimen, application of the challenge virus, enumeration of viable viruses, assessing data quality, and calculation of decontamination efficiency.5.3 This practice provides defined procedures for creating droplets that approximate those produced by human respiratory secretions, with particular emphasis on droplet size distribution and aerosolization media.5.4 Safety concerns associated with aerosolizing microbial agents are not addressed as part of this practice. Individual users should consult with their local safety authority, and a detailed biological aerosol safety plan and risk assessment should be conducted prior to using this practice. Users are encouraged to consult the manual Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories5 published by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).5.5 This practice differs from Test Methods E1052 and E2197 in the presentation of virus to the surface. The aforementioned test methods use a liquid inoculum to contaminate carrier surfaces, whereas this practice presents the virus in droplets that are representative of human respiratory secretions5.6 This practice differs from Practice E2720, because (1) larger droplets are being formed, (2) the droplets will not be completely dried prior to application to surfaces, (3) the droplets can be applied to any surfaces, not just those that are air permeable, and (4) unique equipment is required to create droplets.1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate decontamination methods (physical, chemical, self-decontaminating materials) when used on surfaces contaminated with virus-containing droplets.1.2 This practice defines the conditions for simulating respiratory droplets produced by humans and depositing the droplets onto surfaces.1.3 The practice is specific to influenza viruses but could be adapted for work with other types of respiratory viruses or surrogates.1.4 This practice is suitable for working with a wide variety of environmental surfaces.1.5 This practice does not address the performance of decontaminants against microbes expelled via blood splatter, vomit, or fecal contamination.1.6 This practice should be performed only by those trained in bioaerosols, microbiology, or virology, or combinations thereof.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

定价： 590元 / 折扣价： 502 元 加购物车

6.1 The assumptions of the physical system are given as follows:6.1.1 The aquifer is of uniform thickness, with impermeable upper and lower confining boundaries.6.1.2 The aquifer is of constant homogeneous porosity and matrix compressibility and constant homogeneous and isotropic hydraulic conductivity.6.1.3 The origin of the cylindrical coordinate system is taken to be on the well-bore axis at the top of the aquifer.6.1.4 The aquifer is fully screened.6.1.5 The well is 100 % efficient, that is, the skin factor, f, and dimensionless skin factor, σ, are zero.6.2 The assumptions made in defining the momentum balance are as follows:6.2.1 The average water velocity in the well is approximately constant over the well-bore section.6.2.2 Frictional head losses from flow in the well are negligible.6.2.3 Flow through the well screen is uniformly distributed over the entire aquifer thickness.6.2.4 Change in momentum from the water velocity changing from radial flow through the screen to vertical flow in the well are negligible.NOTE 1: Slug and pumping tests implicitly assume a porous medium. Fractured rock and carbonate settings may not provide meaningful data and information.NOTE 2: The function of wells in any unconfined setting in a fractured terrain might make the determination of k problematic because the wells might only intersect tributary or subsidiary channels or conduits. The problems determining the k of a channel or conduit notwithstanding, the partial penetration of tributary channels may make a determination of a meaningful number difficult. If plots of k in carbonates and other fractured settings are made and compared, they may show no indication that there are conduits or channels present, except when with the lowest probability one maybe intersected by a borehole and can be verified, such problems are described by (5) Smart (1999). Additional guidance can be found in Guide D5717.NOTE 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of those factors.1.1 This practice covers determination of transmissivity from the measurement of water-level response to a sudden change of water level in a well-aquifer system characterized as being critically damped or in the transition range from underdamped to overdamped. Underdamped response is characterized by oscillatory changes in water level; overdamped response is characterized by return of the water level to the initial static level in an approximately exponential manner. Overdamped response is covered in Guide D4043; underdamped response is covered in Practice D5785/D5785M, Guide D4043.1.2 The analytical procedure in this practice is used in conjunction with Guide D4043 and the field procedure in Test Method D4044/D4044M for collection of test data.1.3 Limitations—Slug tests are considered to provide an estimate of the transmissivity of an aquifer near the well screen. The method is applicable for systems in which the damping parameter, ζ, is within the range from 0.2 through 5.0. The assumptions of the method prescribe a fully penetrating well (a well open through the full thickness of the aquifer) in a confined, nonleaky aquifer.1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.1.4.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/recorded and calculated in this standard are regarded as the industry standard. In addition, they are representative of the significant digits that should generally be retained. The procedures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any considerations for the user’s objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data to commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the scope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis methods for engineering design.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Reporting of results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nonconformance with this standard.1.6 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of the practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without the consideration of a project’s many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through he ASTM consensus process.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This method provides a simple means of characterizing the cure behavior of a thermosetting resin specimen that is a representation of a composite part. The diameter of the specimen is approximately 38 mm and the thickness ranges from 2.6 mm to 3.2 mm. This corresponds to a sample volume of approximately 3 cm3 to 4 cm3. The data may be used for quality control, research and development, and verifying the cure within processing equipment including autoclaves.5.2 Dynamic mechanical testing provides a sensitive method for determining cure characteristics by measuring the elastic and loss moduli as a function of temperature or time, or both. Plots of cure behavior and tan delta of a material provide graphical representation indicative of cure behavior under a specified time-temperature profile. The presence of fibers within the resin may change the dynamic properties measured within a material. However, it is still possible to compare different resins with the same fiber structure and obtain the relative difference due to the resin cure properties.5.3 This method can be used to assess the following:5.3.1 Cure behavior, as well as changes as a function of temperature or time, or both,5.3.2 Processing behavior, as well as changes as a function of temperature or time, or both,5.3.3 The effects of processing treatments,5.3.4 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure behavior, damping and impact resistance,5.3.5 The effects of reinforcement on cure; the reinforcement can be a fiber or a filler,5.3.6 The effects of materials used to bond the resin and reinforcement,5.3.7 The effect of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.5.4 This provides a method to assess the cure properties of a thermosetting resin containing woven fiber or other reinforcing materials.5.5 This method is valid for a wide range of oscillation frequencies typically from 0.002 Hz to 50 Hz.NOTE 1: It is recommended that low-frequency test conditions, generally 1 Hz to 2 Hz, be used to generate more definitive cure-behavior information. Slower frequencies will miss important cure properties. Faster frequencies will reduce sensitivity to cure.1.1 This method covers the use of dynamic mechanical instrumentation for determination and reporting of the thermal advancement of cure behavior of thermosetting resin on an inert filler or fiber in a laboratory. It may also be used for determining the cure properties of resins without fillers or fibers. These encapsulated specimens are deformed in torsional shear using dynamic mechanical methods.1.2 This method is intended to provide means for determining the cure behavior of thermosetting resins on fibers over a range of temperatures from room temperature to 250 °C by forced-constant amplitude techniques (in accordance with Practice D4065). Plots of complex modulus, complex viscosity, and damping ratio or tan delta as a function of time or temperature, or both, quantify the thermal advancement or cure characteristics of a resin or a resin on filler or fiber.1.3 Test data obtained by this method is relevant and appropriate for optimizing cure cycles.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4.1 Exception—The Fahrenheit temperature measurement in 10.1 is provided for information only and is not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 The thickness of a coating is critical to its performance and is specified in many specifications calling for coatings.4.2 These procedures are used for acceptance testing and appear in a few specifications.4.3 Coating thickness instruments are often calibrated with thickness standards that are based on mass and area measurements.4.4 The average thickness of a coating on the measured area can be calculated from its mass per unit area only if the density of the coating material is known.1.1 This guide outlines a general method for determining the mass per unit area of electrodeposited, electroless, mechanically-deposited, vacuum-deposited, anodicoxide, and chemical conversion coatings by gravimetric and other chemical analysis procedures.1.2 This guide determines the average mass per unit area over a measured area.1.3 The stripping methods cited are described in specifications or in the open literature or have been used routinely by at least one laboratory.1.4 The procedures outlined can be used for many coating-substrate combinations. They cannot be used where the coating cannot be separated from the substrate by chemical or physical means as would be the case if white brass were plated with yellow brass.1.5 In principle, these procedures can be used to measure very thin coatings or to measure coatings over small areas, but not thin coatings over small areas. The limits depend on the required accuracy. For example, 2.5 mg/cm2 of coating might require 2.5 mg of coating covering 1 cm2, but 0.1 mg/cm2 of coating would require 25 cm2 to obtain 2.5 mg of coating.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Chain-of-custody procedures are a necessary element in a program to assure one’s ability to support data and conclusions adequately from the time samples are collected until sample disposal. In a legal or regulatory situation custody documentation alone is not sufficient. A complete data defensibility scheme should be followed that fits the given situation.5.2 In applying the sample chain-of-custody procedures in this guide, it is assumed that all of the other elements of data defensibility have been applied, if applicable.5.3 Because there is no definitive program that guarantees legal defensibility of data integrity in any given situation, this guide provides a description and discussion of a comprehensive list of possible elements of a chain-of-custody program, all of which have been employed in actual programs but are given as options for the development of a specific chain-of-custody program. In addition, within particular chain-of-custody elements, this guide proscribes certain activities to assure that if these options are chosen, they will be implemented properly.1.1 This guide contains a comprehensive discussion of potential requirements, in the analysis of water, for a sample chain-of-custody program and describes the procedures involved in sample chain-of-custody. The purpose of these procedures is to provide accountability for and documentation of sample integrity from the time samples are collected until sample disposal.1.2 These procedures are intended to document sample possession during each stage of a sample’s life cycle, that is, during collection, shipment, storage, and the process of analysis.1.3 Sample chain-of-custody is just one aspect of the larger issue of data defensibility (see 3.2.2 and Appendix X1).1.4 A sufficient chain-of-custody process, that is, one that provides sufficient evidence of sample integrity in a legal or regulatory setting, is situationally dependent. The procedures presented in this guide are generally considered sufficient to assure legal defensibility of sample integrity. In a given situation, less stringent measures may be adequate. It is the responsibility of the users of this guide to determine their exact needs. Legal counsel may be needed to make this determination.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Permittivity:5.1.1 Polyethylene and Materials of Permittivity Within 0.1 of That of Polyethylene—Since the permittivity of benzene or 1-cSt silicone fluid is very close to that of polyethylene, these fluids are recommended for highly accurate and precise testing of polyethylene or other materials with permittivity close to that of polyethylene. These aspects of the test method make it a suitable tool to determine batch-to-batch uniformity of a polyethylene compound to meet precise requirements of high capacitance uniformity and capacitance stability in electronic apparatus. It also serves as a means to detect impurities, as well as changes resulting from prolonged exposure to high humidity, water immersion, weathering, aging, processing treatments, and exposure to radiation.5.1.2 Other Materials—This test method provides advantages for routine testing of those materials that have a poorer match in permittivity between the liquids mentioned in 5.1.1 and the specimen. These advantages include, but are not limited to, a reduction of the probability of errors caused by imprecise thickness data and the ease with which tests can be performed. Correction factors can be calculated to account for the bias introduced by the permittivity mismatch. The two liquids mentioned in 5.1.1 are not the only liquids having known values of dielectric properties and are known to be compatible with a solid electrical insulating material.Dissipation Factor—Normally, polyethylene has a very low dissipation factor, and a test specimen exhibiting an abnormally high dissipation factor would be suspected of containing impurities or being contaminated. The reproducibility of dissipation factor by this test method is somewhat better than that obtainable with the more conventional methods, but is limited by the sensitivity of commercially available measuring apparatus.1.1 These test methods provide techniques for the determination of the relative (Note 1) permittivity and the dissipation factor of solid insulating materials by fluid (Note 2) displacement.Note 1—In common usage, the word "relative" is frequently dropped.Note 2—The word "fluid" is a commonly used synonym for "liquid" and yet a gas is also a fluid. In this standard, the word "fluid" is used to show that liquid is not all that is meant.1.2 Test Method A is especially suited to the precise measurements on polyethylene sheeting at 23°C and at frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 MHz. It may also be used at other frequencies and temperatures to make measurements on other materials in sheet form.1.3 Test Method B is limited to the frequency range of available guarded bridges. It is especially suited to measurements on very thin films since it does not require determination of the thickness of the specimen yet it provides an estimate of the thickness of thin films that is more accurate and precise than thickness measurements obtained by other means.1.4 Test Method B is also useful for measurements of polymer sheeting up to 2-mm thickness.1.5 These test methods permit calculation of the dissipation factor of the specimens tested.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see 7.2.

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4.1 This test method audits the volume of material in a stockpile and is used with a density value to calculate a tonnage calculation value used to compare the book value to the physical inventory results. This test method is used to determine the volume of coal or other materials in a stockpile.1.1 This test method covers procedures concerning site preparation, technical procedures, quality control, and equipment to direct the efforts for determining volumes of bulk material. These procedures include practical and accepted methods of volumetric determination.1.2 This test method allows for only two volume computation methods.1.2.1 Contour Test Method—See 8.1.1 and 9.1.1.2.2 Cross-Section Test Method—See 8.1.2 and 9.2.1.2.3 This test method requires direct operator compilation for both contours and cross-section development.1.2.4 The use of Digital Terrain Model software and procedures to create contours or cross sections for volume calculation is NOT encompassed in this test method.NOTE 1: A task group has been established to develop a test method for Digital Terrain Modeling (DTM) procedures. It will address all known data collection procedures such as conventional ground survey, photogrammetry, geodetic positioning satellite (GPS), and so forth.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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