4.1 This practice establishes the criteria to treat, or mark, or both WPM with permanent identification for the phytosanitary treatment, or intended service cycle, or both, repair, specification used, and other designated characteristics.4.2 The marking of the WPM shall be performed after ensuring the material complies with the applicable specification.1.1 This practice covers the development of recommended treatment, or marking practices, or both, for wood packaging materials (WPM) and aids in identifying WPM as to phytosanitary treatment, intended service cycles, repair, the specific specification used to manufacture or recycle, and other user designated characteristics.1.2 This practice identifies WPM treated, or marked, or both in accordance with industry, government, or international recognized standards.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This practice covers the selection and use of a portable retroreflectometers for the measurement at a prescribed geometry of the retroreflective properties of horizontal pavement marking materials containing glass spheres, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols. 1.2 The entrance and observation angles provided in the retroreflectometer greatly affect the test results and must be a major consideration in the selection of the instrument. Information on the relationship between instrument geometry and viewing geometry is provided in Section 5. Information on viewing geometry is provided in Table 1. Information on the relationship between viewing geometry and coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL is given in fig. 1. 1.3 This practice is intended to be used for selection of portable retroreflectrometers for field measurement of pavement markings but may also be used to select portable retroreflectometers to measure the performance of materials on sample panels before placing the marking material in the field. 1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 The quality of the stripe is determined by the coefficient of retroreflected luminance, RL, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.5.2 Under the same conditions of illumination and viewing, larger values of RL correspond to higher levels of visual performance.5.3 Retroreflectivity of pavement (road) markings degrade with traffic wear and require periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.5.4 For a given viewing distance, measurements of RL made with a retroreflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that viewing distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of material measured.5.5 As specified by CEN, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m, a headlight mounting height of 0.65 m directly over the stripe, and an eye height of 1.2 m directly over the stripe.5.6 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified observation and entrance angles.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the retroreflective properties of horizontal pavement marking materials containing retroreflecting beads, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols, using a portable retroreflectometer that can be placed on the road delineation to measure the retroreflection at a prescribed geometry.NOTE 1: The restriction to bead based materials is for the purpose of ensuring a sufficiently gradual optical response function (from points of the source aperture to points of the receiver aperture) to allow generous sized instrument source and receiver apertures.1.2 The entrance and observation angles of the retroreflectometer affect the readings. As specified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the entrance and observation angles shall be 88.76° and 1.05°, respectively.1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of pavement markings but may be used to measure the performance of materials on sample panels before placing the marking material in the field.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Aircraft flying in national airspace are required by the ICAO Chicago Convention and national regulatory rules to have visible markings to determine nationality and registration. UAS shall comply with these rules, although small UAS will have unique rules or exemptions from existing rules due to their small size. This standard is designed to allow UAS to comply with these marking requirements in Annex 7 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation as amended by state regulatory rules.4.2 Many ICAO states are assigning UAS to different classes and categories to define the rules UAS must operate under. The ICAO Annex 7 Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPS) apply to UAS Aircraft with the exception of small UAS. The classification of what constitutes a small UAS (sUAS) has been left to ICAO states and the rules under which sUAS operate are dictated by each state.4.3 This practice follows ICAO Annex 7 SARPS except in areas where the unique aspects of UAS may not allow compliance. In these cases, this document will address the issue and recommend the need for an alternate compliance method.1.1 This practice prescribes guidelines for the display of marks to indicate appropriate UAS registration and ownership for all Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) except those categorized as small UAS (sUAS) by regulatory authorities. The FAA is developing a Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) to define the term small UAS and provide regulations for these aircraft.1.2 This practice will allow determination of nationality in cases where UAS may cross international boundaries.1.3 This practice does not apply to sUAS. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has left the designation of sUAS to each state and the states will develop rules and regulations for sUAS.1.4 This practice does not apply to model aircraft.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 It is important to obtain a truly representative sample of the thermoplastic pavement marking material prior to performing any tests. This can be difficult due to the wide ranges of sizes, shapes, and densities of the individual components that are used in the manufacture of these types of materials. The sample that is obtained using this guide should be representative of the manufactured lot from which it was obtained and can be used for the testing of the chemical and physical properties of the material as required by the governing specification.1.1 This practice covers the proper field sampling of thermoplastic pavement marking materials to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides a standard procedure for the preparation of thermoplastic pavement marking material test specimens prior to testing for various properties as called for in the governing specification. Specimens that are prepared using this standard methodology yield test results that are consistent with the material from which it was sampled. Test results from specimens can be used to determine compliance of the thermoplastic pavement marking material to the specification. This practice can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to prepare specimens for testing to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.5.2 This practice does not address any issues related to specific testing of the thermoplastic pavement marking materials for any physical or chemical property.1.1 This practice covers the proper preparation of test specimens of thermoplastic pavement marking materials obtained to ensure test results are representative of the material being tested.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides a standard procedure for the determination of color of thermoplastic pavement marking materials. This test method can be used in conjunction with various thermoplastic pavement marking specifications to determine compliance of the material to said specification. This method can also be used by manufacturers of these materials to determine the uniformity of thermoplastic pavement marking materials from batch to batch.5.2 There is a slight variation in color standards and colorimeters. This test method is only applicable when results are reported with information listing the instrument model designation and calibration standard.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental determination of color of thermoplastic pavement marking materials using the CIE Y, x, y color measurement system.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is used to measure the apparent viscosity of thermoplastic pavement marking at elevated temperatures. Elevated temperature viscosities of thermoplastic pavement marking may be related to the properties of coatings, adhesives, and composite thermoplastics. This method is helpful in determining the flow properties which can be used in determining processability when applied to the road surface.5.2 Thermoplastic pavement markings may be applied to the road surface in several different ways. Typical methods of application are screed extrude, ribbon extrude, thin film spray, and standard spray. Proper application depends on the viscosity of the thermoplastic material at application temperatures for the method being used. Thin-line applied thermoplastic pavement marking, for example, requires a relatively lower viscosity. Screed extrude applied thermoplastic requires a higher viscosity.5.3 Materials of the type described in this procedure may be non-Newtonian, and as such, the apparent viscosity will be a function of shear rate under the conditions of test. Although the viscometer described in this test method operates under conditions of relatively low shear rate, differences in shear effect can exist depending upon the spindle and rotational speed conditions selected for the test program. Comparisons between non-Newtonian viscosity values should be made only for measurements made with similar viscometers under conditions of equivalent shear. For this method, “torpedo” spindles are recommended. Spindles considered torpedo spindles are ~1-in. long and come in many diameters with a 45° conical bottom. A diameter that is half the diameter of the thimbles used is recommended. If large glass beads are used in the pavement marking formulation, a smaller diameter spindle may be needed so the beads do not cause an impedance of the spindle due to a jamming between the inside wall of the thimble and the spindle.1.1 This test method covers the sample preparation and testing procedure needed to determine the apparent viscosity of a thermoplastic pavement marking formulation at elevated temperatures to the specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are customary units and are provided as a courtesy to the user.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers recommendations on permanent marking of metallic and nonmetallic orthopaedic implant components. The practical amounts of information that should be included in the marking are specified. Where implant size and shape allow, it is recommended that the following standard information be included in the permanent marking: (1) manufacturer, (2) material, (3) implant component catalog number or model number, and (4) implant component serial number or lot number. For smaller implants, it is recommended that the following minimum information be included in the permanent marking: symbols or letters selected by the manufacturer which identify (1) the manufacturer and (2) the material from which the component is made. The system of symbols or letters shall be described in the manufacturer’s product literature. Optional information may be included in the permanent marking, such as implant size and whether an implant is intended for right limb or left limb reconstruction.1.1 It is common practice for orthopaedic implant manufacturers to apply permanent identification to implant components. In this regard, Practice F86 describes recommended locations and methods of marking for metallic implants.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to (1) recommend that orthopaedic implants be permanently marked, and (2) recommend practical amounts of information that should be included in the marking. It is recognized, however, that marking is not practical in some cases (see 4.1).1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method provides procedures for obtaining tristimulus values, luminance factors and chromaticity coordinates of fluorescent-retroreflective materials by bispectral colorimetry using a 45:0 or 0:45 optical measuring system.5.2 The CIE 1931 (2°) standard observer is used to calculate the colorimetric properties of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and markings used in daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications because in practice these materials are primarily viewed from a distance where they subtend less than 4° of the visual field.5.3 This test method is applicable to object-color specimens of any gloss level.5.4 Due to the retroreflective properties of these materials the colorimetric data may not be suitable for use in computer colorant formulation.5.5 This test method is suitable for quality control testing of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials.NOTE 1: Separation of the fluorescence and reflectance components from the total colorimetric properties provides useful and meaningful information to evaluate independently the luminescent and diffuse reflective efficiency and consistency of these materials.5.6 This test method is the referee method for determining the conformance of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials to standard daytime colorimetric specifications.1.1 This test method describes the instrumental measurement of the colorimetric properties (CIE tristimulus values, luminance factors, and chromaticity coordinates) of fluorescent-retroreflective sheeting and marking materials when illuminated by daylight.1.2 This test method is generally applicable to any sheeting or marking material having combined fluorescent and retroreflective properties used for daytime high visibility traffic control and personal safety applications.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The quality of the stripe for visibility in daylight or under road lighting is determined by the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination, Qd, and depends on the materials used, age, and wear pattern. These conditions shall be observed and noted by the user.5.2 Under the same conditions of illumination and viewing, higher levels of Qd correspond to higher levels of lightness.5.3 Reflectivity of pavement (road) markings degrade with traffic wear and require periodic measurement to ensure that sufficient line visibility is provided to drivers.5.4 For a given viewing distance, measurements of Qd made with a reflectometer having a geometry corresponding to that distance are a good indicator of the visual ranking of material measured.5.5 specified by CEN, the measurement geometry of the instrument is based on a viewing distance of 30 m and an eye height of 1.2 m.5.6 It shall be the responsibility of the user to employ an instrument having the specified co-viewing angle.1.1 This test method covers measurement of the luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination of horizontal pavement markings, such as traffic stripes and surface symbols, and pavement surfaces, in a particular viewing direction using a portable reflectometer.NOTE 1: The luminance coefficient under diffuse illumination is a measure of the reflection of horizontal pavement markings and pavement surfaces in a particular viewing direction in daylight or under road lighting. Diffuse illumination approximates daylight illumination from the overcast sky, and road lighting as an average of locations on the pavement surface.1.2 The co-viewing angle of the reflectometer affects the readings. As specified by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN), the co-viewing angle shall be 2.29°.1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of pavement markings and pavement surfaces but may be used to measure the performance of materials on sample panels before placing the marking material in the field.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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AbstractThese practices cover the packaging, marking, and loading of steel products for shipment, and are intended to deliver the products to their destination in good condition. It is also intended that these recommendations be used as guides for attaining uniformity, simplicity, adequacy, and economy in the shipment of steel products. These practices cover semi-finished steel products, bars, bar-size shapes and sheet pilings, rods, wire and wire products, tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products, and castings.1.1 This guide covers the packaging, marking, and loading of steel products for shipment. Assuming proper handling in transit, this guide is intended to assist shippers in packaging and loading steel products to arrive at their destination safely and in good condition. It is also intended that this guide may be used for attaining uniformity, simplicity, sufficiency, and economy in the shipment of steel products.1.2 This guide applies to semi-finished steel products, bars, structural shapes and sheet piling, rods, wire and wire products, tubular products, plates, sheets, and strips, tin mill products, and castings.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice establishes the requirements for physical item identification marking of aluminum and magnesium products. Package marking for shipment and inspection acceptance is not within the scope of this standard. Wrought aluminum and magnesium mill products shall be marked for identification purposes only with the following information on the product or on tags attached to the product: (1) name or registered trademark of the company, (2) alloy and temper of the product, (3) basic number of the specification to which the product was produced, (4) specified (ordered) dimensions of the following products: sheet and plate, coiled wire and spooled wire, straight length tube and coiled tube, and pipe, (5) lot number, and (6) the word "seamless" on certain tube or pipe. Spot marking requirements for the following wrought aluminum and magnesium mill products are detailed and illustrated: (1) coiled sheet, (2) flat sheet and plate, (3) circles, (4) tread plate, (5) foil, (6) rod, bar, and extruded profiles, (7) structural profiles, (8) tube and pipe, (9) wire, (10) bus bar, and (11) forgings such as hand and die forgings. Requirements for marking cast aluminum and magnesium products (castings, remelt ingot for castings, and ingot or billet for fabricating), unalloyed aluminum and magnesium ingot, and special products are specified.1.1 This practice establishes the physical item marking requirements for identification purposes for aluminum and magnesium products. Package marking for shipment and inspection acceptance is not within the scope of this standard.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Measurements made by this test method are related to the night time brightness of retroreflective marking materials approximately facing the driver of a mid-sized automobile equipped with tungsten filament headlights at about 200 m distance.Retroreflective marking material used for pedestrian safety can degrade with time, exposure to sunlight, wear and cleaning, and the material requires periodic measurement to ensure that the performance of the retroreflective material provides adequate safety to the wearer.This test method is not intended to be used for the measurement of retroreflective marking material for pedestrian safety at observation and entrance angles other than those specified herein.5.3.1 For most materials, the values for the coefficient of retroreflection obtained at −4° entrance angle and 0.2° observation angle using this test method will be nearly the same as the values corresponding to +5° entrance angle and 0.2° observation angle, a geometry that is specified in some high-visibility clothing standards.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the retroreflective properties of high visibility pedestrian garments, such as vests, using a portable retroreflectometer that can be used in the field. The portable retroreflectometer is a hand-held instrument with a defined standard geometry that can be placed in contact with retroreflective marking material to measure the retroreflection. The measurements can be compared to minimum requirements to determine the need for replacement of the retroreflective material.1.2 This test method is designed for measuring retroreflective marking materials that have an area equal to or greater than that of the aperture of the retroreflectometer.1.3 This test method is intended to be used for field measurement of retroreflective marking materials, but may be used to measure the performance of materials before placing the clothing in use.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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4.1 This specification is intended to ensure uniform classification of the lenses and the marking of scopes to avoid confusion of the consumer, which results form the use of different classification and identification systems.4.2 This specification is based on the use of the diopter that is the reciprocal of the focal length of the lens as measured in metres.AbstractThis specification covers the classification and marking of single-lens scopes used in conjunction with archery bows. The lenses are classified in terms of optical magnification, scope markings, and charts of the empirical relationship of the apparent magnification that the consumer can expect to obtain when a correctly marked lens is used under specific conditions. The visual acuity of the lenses is related to the magnification of the lens in general, and is dependent on other factors such as the specific individual, lens quality, and the size of the rear aperture used with the lens. This specification does not go beyond this definition of acuity.1.1 This specification covers lenses and scopes used in conjunction with archery bows. It establishes a standardized system for the classification of these lenses in terms of their optical magnification, the marking of the scopes in which the lenses are mounted, and charts depicting the empirical relationship of the apparent magnification the consumer can expect to obtain when a correctly marked lens is used under specific conditions.1.2 Acuity—The visual acuity of these lenses is related to the magnification of the lens in general. For the average subject there can be an improvement in acuity with lenses having apparent magnifications of 2 to 4× and a decrement in acuity with lenses of 6× and greater.1.2.1 Acuity also is dependent on other factors, such as the specific individual, lens quality, and the size and quality of the rear aperture (peep) used in conjunction with the lens. Beyond this statement, acuity is not the subject of this specification.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.

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