4.1 The procedure for establishing the long-term pressure rating of fittings starts with an extrapolation of a regression line that is based on fitting failure data with respect to time, when assemblies are tested in accordance with Test Method D1598. The pressure-versus time to failure data are obtained using water at 73 °F in assemblies that are immersed in a water or air environment. The extrapolation is made in such a manner that the long-term hydrostatic pressure rating is determined for these conditions.4.2 The pressure design basis is determined by considering the following items and evaluating them in accordance with 6.3.4.2.1 Long-term hydrostatic pressure-strength at 100 000 h,4.2.2 Long-term hydrostatic pressure-strength at 50 years4.3 The fitting pressure rating may be calculated by multiplying the pressure design basis (PDB) by the appropriate design factor (DF).1.1 This test method covers a procedure for establishing Pressure Rating for PVC schedule 40 and 80 socket-type fittings by evaluating fitting failure test data derived by testing water-filled assemblies of pipe and fittings.1.2 Unless the data approximates a straight line, when calculated using log-log coordinates, it is not possible to assign a pressure rating to that product or sample of product. Data that exhibit high scatter, or a downward curve, due to low long term data, will give low extrapolated values that are more conservative when calculated using log-log co-ordinates. In addition, this downward curve will show as higher scatter, and where the lower confidence level limits are not met the data shall be classified as unsuitable. (See Note 1)NOTE 1: This test method is similar to that used in Test Method D2837, which has been used for about 30 years to establish the HDS of plastic pipe materials and is the basis for all pressure ratings assigned to plastic pipes.1.3 The products covered by this test method are schedule 40 or 80 molded PVC fittings that conform to Specifications D2466 or D2467.1.4 The pressure ratings developed using this test method applies only to fittings identical to the ones that were tested. Some variables that will affect the pressure rating are – pipe size, pattern, mold design, material, and molding conditions.1.5 The values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 The testing procedure used to obtain the fitting failure data shall be as described in those sections of Test Method D1598, that are referenced in Section 6 of this test method.1.7 The products covered by this test method are intended for use in the distribution of pressurized liquids at 73 °F. When appropriate, the design engineer must consider the effects of elevated temperature and chemical compatibility of the liquid with the fitting material and apply necessary design factors.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 2: Pressurized (compressed) air or other compressed gases contain large amounts of stored energy which present serious safety hazards should a system fail for any reason.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Coil-coated metals are subjected to a wide range of environmental stresses. Corrosion at cut edges, damage points, and fabricated areas can occur and lead to premature failure. Proper preparation and rating of test panels produces meaningful test results that allows comparisons between metal substrates and their pretreatments as well as between coating systems.5.2 Laboratory-prepared test panels give a relative comparison of the substrates and coating systems under test, but may not duplicate all of the stresses imposed on manufactured components. Validation of results on a manufactured product is recommended.5.3 Laboratory accelerated corrosion testing is useful in evaluating relative performance of new and existing metal coatings, pretreatments, and paints. It is up to the participating parties to agree on the significance of these tests to actual use.1.1 This guide has been written specifically for coil-coated metal building products.1.2 This guide applies to preparation, testing, and rating of line-coated and laboratory-coated test panels for the purpose of comparing and ranking the panels for corrosion resistance and other related properties.1.3 Testing may include accelerated laboratory corrosion tests and outdoor exposure tests.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice is used as a basis for determining the minimum ground-based octane requirement of turbocharged/supercharged aircraft engines by use of PRFs and RFs.5.2 Results from standardized octane ratings will play an important role in defining the octane requirement of a given aircraft engine, which can be applied in an effort to determine a fleet requirement.1.1 This practice covers ground-based octane rating procedures for turbocharged/supercharged spark ignition aircraft engines. This practice has been developed to allow the widest range of applicability possible but may not be appropriate for all engine types. This practice is specifically directed to ground-based testing and actual in-flight octane ratings may produce significantly different results.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The microstructure and grain growth of cemented tungsten carbides affect the material's mechanical and physical properties. The grain size and distribution will affect the material's wear resistance and fracture toughness. Abnormally large grains as compared to the background may introduce an area of weakness in a sintered part.5.2 This test method may be used in acceptance testing of cemented tungsten carbide materials or the tungsten carbide powder used in their manufacture. The specified grain size used for the E-Rating is to be agreed upon between purchaser and supplier.1.1 This test method describes a procedure for measuring abnormally large grains and the frequency of those grains in cemented tungsten carbides (hardmetals).1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This practice provides criteria that building design teams shall use to compare the environmental impacts associated with a reference building design and a final building design, including additions to existing buildings where applicable.5.2 This practice deals specifically with material selection for initial construction, including associated maintenance and replacement cycles over an assumed service life, taking operating energy use into account if required or explicitly allowed under the applicable code, standard, or rating system.1.1 This practice provides criteria to be applied irrespective of the assessment (LCA) tool that is used when LCA is undertaken at the whole building level to compare a final whole building design to a reference building design.1.2 The purpose of this practice is to support the use of whole building Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in building codes, standards, and building rating systems by ensuring that comparative assessments of final whole building designs relative to reference building designs take account of the relevant building features, life cycle stages, and related activities in similar fashion for both the reference and final building designs of the same building.1.3 The criteria do not deal with building occupant behavior, possible future changes in building function, building rehabilitation or retrofit, or other matters that cannot be foreseen or reasonably estimated at the design or permitting stage, or both where this practice applies.1.4 Only environmental impacts and aspects of sustainability are addressed in this practice. The social and economic impacts and aspects of sustainability are not addressed in this practice.1.5 This practice does not deal with basic LCA methodology, calculation methods or related matters that are covered in cited international standards.1.6 This practice does not supersede or modify existing ISO standards for the application of LCA at the product level, nor does it address any of the following related applications:1.6.1 Aggregation of building products Environmental Product Declarations (EPD) at the whole building level;1.6.2 Rules for applying EPDs in a building code, standard, or rating system; and1.6.3 Comparability of building product EPDs.NOTE 1: ISO 14025 and ISO 21930 provide guidance on use and comparability of building products EPDs.1.7 This practice does not specify the impact categories or sustainability aspects to be addressed in building codes, standards, or building rating systems and users of this practice conform to the impact category requirements specified in the applicable code, standard, or rating system.1.8 The text of this standard contains notes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Supercharge method ratings can provide an indication of the rich-mixture antiknock performance of aviation gasoline in aviation piston engines.5.2 Supercharge method ratings are used by petroleum refiners and marketers and in commerce as a primary specification measurement to ensure proper matching of fuel antiknock quality and engine requirement.5.3 Supercharge method ratings may be used by aviation engine and aircraft manufacturers as a specification measurement related to matching of fuels and engines.1.1 This laboratory test method covers the quantitative determination of supercharge ratings of spark-ignition aviation gasoline. The sample fuel is tested using a standardized single cylinder, four-stroke cycle, indirect injected, liquid cooled, CFR engine run in accordance with a defined set of operating conditions.1.2 The supercharge rating is calculated by linear interpolation of the knock limited power of the sample compared to the knock limited power of bracketing reference fuel blends.1.3 The rating scale covers the range from 85 octane number to Isooctane + 6.0 mL TEL/U.S. gal.1.4 The values of operating conditions are stated in SI units and are considered standard. The values in parentheses are the historical inch-pound units. The standardized CFR engine measurements and reference fuel concentrations continue to be in historical units.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Annex A1.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers methods of testing, rating, and installation of internal combustion engine packages used in hazardous areas in marine applications. The purpose of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional installation recommendations to reduce the risk of igniting ignitable mixtures that may be present near the hazardous areas of marine vessels. In this specification, only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in accordance with the requirements of 3.2.1, is considered. Thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhausts system temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by the requirements and references in Practices 2.2 and 2.3 or as designated by the authority.1.1 This practice covers the method of testing, rating and installation of internal combustion engine packages for use in hazardous areas in marine applications. The thermal rating of the engine is determined by the actual readings of engine and exhaust system temperatures within hazardous areas, as defined by references in Section 2 of this practice, or as designated by the authority having jurisdiction, or both. The goal of this practice is to thermally rate engine packages, and provide additional installation recommendations, in order to reduce the risk of igniting the ignitable mixtures that may be present within the hazardous areas of marine vessels.1.2 Only a marine engine suitable for the service, designed and constructed in conformance with the requirements of 3.1.2, is considered.1.3 The system of units in this practice shall be SI (metric) form, along with the standard (English) system equivalent placed in parentheses, for example, 20 °C (68 °F).1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended for the determination of the arc rating of a material, or a combination of materials.5.1.1 Because of the variability of the arc exposure, different heat transmission values may be observed at individual sensors. Evaluate the results of each sensor in accordance with Section 12.5.2 This test method maintains the specimen in a static, vertical position and does not involve movement except that resulting from the exposure.5.3 This test method specifies a standard set of arc exposures performed under controlled laboratory conditions. Different exposure conditions have the potential to produce different results. In addition to the standard set of exposure conditions, other conditions representative of the expected hazard may be used and shall be documented in the reporting of the testing results.1.1 This test method is used to determine the arc rating of materials intended for use as flame resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs that would generate heat flux rates of approximately 2100 kW/m2 [50 cal/cm2s] using an open air arc.1.2 This test method will determine the arc rating of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 150 mm [6 in.] char length and less than 2 s afterflame when tested in accordance with Test Method D6413.1.2.1 It is not the intent of this test method to evaluate non flame-resistant materials.1.3 The materials used in this test method are in the form of flat specimens.1.4 This test method shall be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc under controlled laboratory conditions.1.5 The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard except as noted. Within the text, alternate units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents therefore alternate systems must be used independently of the other. Combining values from the systems described in the text may result in nonconformance with the method.1.6 This test method does not apply to electrical contact or electrical shock hazards.1.7 This standard shall not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautions, see Section 7.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 These single-number ratings correlate in a general way with subjective impressions of sound transmission for speech, radio, television, and similar sources of noise in offices and buildings. This classification method is not appropriate for sound sources with spectra significantly different from those sources listed above. Such sources include machinery, industrial processes, bowling allies, power transformers, musical instruments, many music systems, and transportation noises such as motor vehicles, aircraft and trains. For these sources, accurate assessment of sound transmission requires a detailed analysis in frequency bands. A single-number sound transmission rating for building façade elements is given in Classification E1332.4.2 The single-number ratings obtained can be used to compare the potential sound insulation of partitions or floors tested in laboratory conditions (STC) or the actual sound isolation between different suites in buildings (NNIC, NIC). The rating for a partition built and tested in a building may be lower than that obtained for a partition tested in a laboratory because of flanking transmission or construction errors.NOTE 1: A similar rating procedure, described in ISO 717-1:2020, provides single figure sound insulation ratings with a frequency range that extends from 100 to 3150 Hz with no maximum deficiency specified at individual frequencies. For most partitions, the two ratings differ by only one or two points.1.1 This classification covers methods of calculating single-number acoustical ratings for laboratory and field measurements of sound attenuation obtained in one-third octave bands.1.2 The name given to the single-number rating is assigned by the test method that invokes this classification.1.3 Test methods that invoke this classification include:1.3.1 Test Method E90—The single-number rating is called sound transmission class (STC).1.3.2 Test Method E336—Single number ratings are noise isolation class (NIC), normalized noise isolation class (NNIC), and apparent sound transmission class (ASTC).1.3.3 Test Method E596—The single-number rating is called noise isolation class (NIC).1.3.4 Test Method E1414—The single-number rating is called ceiling attenuation class (CAC).1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test is designed to be used as a rapid measure of the overall relative corrosivity of Ethanol Fuel Blends (Specification D5798) and Denatured Fuel Ethanol (Specification D4806) to iron (steel).5.2 The test can be used to compare corrosion inhibitor dosage levels and effectiveness of various corrosion inhibitors as they pertain to protecting iron (steel) materials from corrosion.1.1 This test method measures the ability of inhibited and uninhibited Ethanol Fuel Blends defined by Specification D5798 and Denatured Fuel Ethanol defined by Specification D4806 to resist corrosion of iron should water become mixed with the fuel, using an accelerated laboratory test method. Corrosion ratings are reported based on a visual, numbered rating scale.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Sections 7 and 8.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Ratings are developed by some subjective or comparative evaluation criteria, or both, of a sample(s) to some reference criteria or when compared to a control sample. These parameters generally include change in gloss, color, surface texture, alterations to pattern and possibly restorability of appearance with normal maintenance procedures, including the use of finishes or buffing. Rating is done by a qualified individual or preferably by a panel of qualified observers under specified lighting conditions in accordance with prescribed procedures.1.1 This test method is intended to provide a numerical rating system for classification of resilient floors during the various stages of their wear life in relation to their condition, as perceived by a knowledgeable user.1.2 This test method is intended to allow comparison between two or more samples or groups of samples for differences in visual appearance.1.3 This method provides recommended viewing conditions and lighting for rating visual differences between samples or groups of samples.1.4 This method can be utilized to evaluate change in visual appearance before and after some specified test condition exposure, for example, in service wear due to foot traffic, or other tests where change in appearance might occur.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Defects in film are not acceptable to the end-user as there is a reduction in the fitness-for-use in many applications. This document is intended to be a practice to assist users in the inspection, quantification and observation of defects.4.2 This practice is applicable in a laboratory environment, continuous inspection as a quality control or as a research tool. It is also appropriate for use in any commercial process used to produce film including extrusion, calendaring, etc.4.3 This practice is also suitable for use as an evaluation or screening tool for materials intended to be used in other processes where defects of this nature are critical, such as fiber spinning non-woven, etc.4.4 Results achieved by different equipment, even from the same vendor in the same laboratory, are often not directly comparable as a bias exists that cannot be fully addressed through consistent operating conditions. Results frequently shift when analyzer components are upgraded. Additionally, results are often not directly comparable between different product types. All results are to be considered as relative values rather than absolute.4.4.1 Therefore, it is not recommended to provide absolute results as part of a sales contract between the buyer and seller. For sales contracts, it is recommended to establish product grade designations based on the historical relationship of the absolute results reported, and fitness-for-use or based on a reference material agreed by both parties. This is attained by the collection of data over a time-period to establish acceptable control limits.4.4.2 The defect size range of interest is usually different between resin supplier and converters. Total defect counts are not one to one comparable between small laboratory extrusion lines and commercial extrusion lines. Therefore, an individual correlation is the aim to get accepted results for fitness-for-use.NOTE 2: This was tested on Brabender, Collin, Goettfert, and OCS systems.4.5 For support in a basic interpretation of the different results the following points may be helpful for comparison.4.5.1 Size classes (number and definition)4.5.2 Reported defect types4.5.3 Comparable units (gels/kg, gels/m2, class system, index...)4.5.4 Vendor (type of equipment, for example, cast or blown film...)4.5.5 Camera settings (sensitivity, grey level, resolution...)4.5.6 Extrusion parametersNOTE 3: For attribute data such as defect counts, C-type control charts are most appropriate per recommendations within Practice E2587, Section 9.1.1 This practice intends to provide standardized approaches and criteria for the observation and reporting of defects in various types of plastic film, by means of an optical scanning system. includes the in situ inspection of defects in films fabricated for specific applications after preparation of a suitable film from plastic resin.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.NOTE 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 In order for a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting or decorating a substrate, the coating must remain adhered to the substrate. Because the substrate and its surface preparation (or lack thereof) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings, a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different coatings to the same substrate, is of considerable usefulness in the industry.5.2 This test method is limited to evaluating lower levels of adhesion (see 1.3). The intra- and inter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to other test methods for coated substrates (for example, Test Method D2370 and Test Method D4060), and is insensitive to all but large differences in adhesion. Limiting the range of rankings from 0 to 5 reflects the inability of this test method to make fine distinctions between levels of adhesion. Users shall not use intermediate values for ranking adhesion tests within this method.5.3 Extremes in temperatures or relative humidity may affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.5.4 A given tape may not adhere equally well to different coatings due to several factors, including differences in coating composition and topology. As such, no single tape is likely to be suitable for testing all coatings. Furthermore, these test methods do not give an absolute value for the force required for bond rupture, but serves only as an indicator that some minimum value for bond strength was met or exceeded (1, 2).65.5 Operators performing these test methods must be trained and practiced in order to obtain consistent results. The accuracy and precision of the test result obtained by using these methods depends largely upon the skill of the operator and the operator's ability to perform the test in a consistent manner. Key steps that directly reflect the importance of operator skill include the angle and rate of tape removal and the visual assessment of the tested sample. It is not unexpected that different operators might obtain different results (1, 2).5.6 The standard requires that the free end of the tape be removed rapidly at as close to a 180° angle as possible. When the peel angle and rate vary, the force required to remove the tape can change dramatically due to the rheological properties of the backing and adhesive. Variation in pull rate and peel angle can effect large differences in test values and must be minimized to assure reproducibility (3).NOTE 1: These test methods have been reported being used to measure adhesion of organic coatings on non-metallic substrates (for example, wood and plastic), although related precision and bias data is lacking. If testing coatings on non-metallic substrates, either Test Method A or Test Method B may be more appropriate and the method employed should be discussed by interested parties. Issues with plastic substrates are noted in Appendix X1. A similar test method, ISO 2409, permits tests on non-metallic substrates (for example, wood and plaster). Precision and bias data on the latter is lacking. Test Method D3359 was developed with metal as the substrate and, in the absence of supporting precision and bias data, is so limited.1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of relatively ductile coating films to metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film.1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended to rate the adhesion of coatings and coating systems greater than 125 μm (5 mils) in total thickness, while Test Method B is primarily intended to rate the adhesion of coatings and coating systems less than 125 μm (5 mils) in total thickness. Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thicker than 125 μm (5 mils) unless wider spaced cuts are employed and there is an explicit agreement between the purchaser and seller. If the thickness of the coating or coating system has not been predetermined, employ the use of a standard such as Practice D7091 or other appropriate standard agreed upon by interested parties prior to proceeding.1.3 These test methods are used to evaluate whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate is adequate for the user’s application. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required.1.4 This test method is similar in content (but not technically equivalent) to ISO 2409.1.5 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 When comparing different floor polishes for an actual field performance, it is important that all surfaces used be prepared in the same way. When this procedure is followed, variations in the test surfaces are minimized.1.1 This practice covers the comparison of the performance of water-emulsion floor polishes on test floors against a reference material. It is applicable to the following types of polishes:1.1.1 Wax emulsion polishes,1.1.2 Nonbuffable emulsion polishes,1.1.3 Detergent-resistant emulsion polishes, household type, and1.1.4 Detergent-resistant emulsion polishes, industrial type.1.2 Gloss, leveling, discoloration, traffic marking, slip resistance, and removal ease of these types of floor polishes is rated in comparison to a reference material. Where applicable, detergent resistance is also evaluated. This method is not to be considered as a recommended maintenance procedure.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is established to cover automated SEM/EDX-based procedures for:5.1.1 Rating the inclusion content of steels based on procedures listed in Standards E45 and E1245, with the significant difference that the composition of the individual inclusions, as determined by X-ray analysis, is utilized to sort them into chemical classes.5.1.2 Determining the number, size and morphological distribution of inclusions in steels sorted by chemical class.5.2 Methods 1 and 2 of this test method are primarily intended for rating the inclusion content of steels deoxidized with silicon or aluminum, both silicon and aluminum, or vacuum-treated steels without either silicon or aluminum additions. Guidelines are provided to rate inclusions in steel treated with rare earth additions or calcium-bearing compounds (13.4). When such steels are evaluated, the test report should describe the nature of the inclusions rated according to each inclusion category (A, B, C, D).5.3 Methods 1 and 2 will provide a quantitative rating of the inclusion content in half-severity number increments from 0 to 5 for each inclusion type and thickness (Method D of Test Method E45), and in tabulated in Table 2. Test Method E45 ratings by SEM may differ from those determined following E45 because of the use of chemistry in the classifications. In order to differentiate E45 ratings obtained using the SEM from traditional ratings using light microscopy, the ratings obtained using Method 1 or 2 of this Test Method shall be identified as E45-SEM1 and E45-SEM2, respectively.5.4 Method 3 defines procedures to analyze and report inclusions by arbitrary size distribution and chemical classifications. It may be made applicable to any material by appropriate choice of these classifications.5.4.1 Method 3 determines and reports basic (as used in Test Method E1245) stereological measurements (for example, volume fraction of sulfides and oxides, the number of sulfides or oxides per square millimeter, and so forth). This test method, however, does not address the measurement of such parameters. E45 ratings are not produced in Method 3 because the inclusion classifications do not follow those defined in Test Method E45.5.5 The quantitative results are intended to provide a description of the types and amounts of inclusions in a heat of steel. This test method contains no guidelines for such use.1.1 This test method covers procedures to obtain particle size distribution, chemical classification, and Test Methods E45 ratings of inclusions in steels using an automated scanning electron microscope (SEM) with X-ray analysis and automatic image analysis capabilities.1.2 There are three discrete methods described. Method 1 is the SEM analog of Test Method E45, which uses image analysis and light microscopy to produce automated Test Methods E45 ratings. Method 2 produces similar ratings based predominantly on sorting inclusions by chemistry into the traditional classes defined in Test Methods E45. Method 3 is recommended when explicit detail is needed on particular inclusion types, not necessarily defined in Test Methods E45, such as to verify the composition of inclusions in inclusion-engineered steel. Method 3 reports stereological parameters such as volume or number fraction, rather than Test Methods E45 type ratings.1.3 This test method deals only with the recommended test methods and nothing in it should be construed as defining or establishing limits of acceptability for any grade of steel or other alloy where the method is appropriate.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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