3.1 This test method describes a rapid method for separating pigment from solvent-reducible paints.3.2 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product acceptance and process control.1.1 This test method covers the separation of pigment from solvent-reducible paints and the calculation of the percent pigment from the results of nonvolatile determinations on the total paint and the separated vehicle.NOTE 1: This test method has been proven to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints, the exception being those paints containing severely bleeding pigments or pigments such as carbon black that are very difficult or impossible to centrifuge.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is used by paint producers and consumers for product process control and for product acceptance.1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the pigment content determination of water-based paints. It is applicable only to pigments that do not decompose or lose weight at temperatures below 500 °C. Such pigments include most metal oxides, silicates, and a majority of anhydrous inorganic salts.1.2 Many water-based paints contain pigments and organic colorants that lose water of hydration or decompose at this temperature. The residual ash should be carefully inspected for changes in color or texture that could indicate a pigment alteration and hence lead to erroneous results. Caution should therefore be exercised when applying this test method to samples containing unknown pigment compositions.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' acrylic emulsion paints.1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, bleeding, consistency, and drying time.1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.Colour Index Name Lightfastness Category Common Name and Chemical Class Colour Index NumberAcrylic    YELLOWS  PY 3 II Arylide Yellow 10G, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow Light, arylide yellow 11710PY 35 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium zinc sulfide (CC) (SM) 77205PY 35:1 I Cadmium-(hue designation), cadmium zinc sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77205:1PY 37 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfate (CC) (SM) 77199PY 37:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate (SM) 77199:1PY 42 I Mars Yellow or Iron Oxide Yellow, with option of adding the name Yellow Iron Oxide,synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492PY 42 I Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Orange, synthetic hydrated iron oxide 77492PY 43 I Yellow Ochre, natural hydrated iron oxide 77492PY 53 I Nickel Titanate Yellow, oxides of nickel, antimony and titanium 77788PY 65 I Arylide Yellow RN, with option of adding Hansa Yellow RN, arylide yellow 11740PY 73 I Arylide Yellow GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow GX, arylide yellow 11738PY 74 (LF) I Arylide Yellow 5Gx, with option of adding Hansa Yellow 5GX, arylide yellow 11741PY 83 (HR70) I Diarylide Yellow HR70, diarylide yellow 21108PY 97 I Arylide Yellow FGL, arylide yellow 11767PY 98 I Arylide Yellow 10GX, with option of adding the name Hansa Yellow 10GX, arylide yellow 11727PY 108 I Anthrapyrimidine Yellow, anthrapyrimidine 68420PY 109 I Isoindolinone Yellow G, tetrachloroisoindolinone NAPY 110 I Isoindolinone Yellow R, tetrachloroisoindolinone 56280PY 112 I Flavanthrone Yellow, flavanthrone 70600PY 138 I Quinophthalone Yellow, quinophthalone 56300PY 139 I Isoindoline Yellow, isoindoline NAPY 150 I Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel complex azo NAPY 151 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H4G, benzimidazolone 13980PY 153 I Nickel Dioxine Yellow, dioxine yellow nickel complex NAPY 154 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H3G, benzimidazolone 11781PY 175 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H6G, benzimidazolone 11784PY 184 I Bismuth Vanadate Yellow, bismuth vanadate NA    ORANGES  PO 5 II Dinitraniline Orange, dinitraniline (SM) 12075PO 20 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium sulfo-selenide (CC) 77202PO 20:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium sulfoselenide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1PO 23 I Cadmium Vermilion Orange, concentrated cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201PO 23:1 I Cadmium-Barium Vermilion Orange, cadmium mercury sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77201:1PO 36 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HL, benzimidazolone 11780PO 43(DL) I Perinone Orange, perinone 71105PO 48 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone NAPO 49 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone NAPO 60 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) HGL, benzimidazolone 11782PO 62 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation) H5G, monoacetolone 11775    REDS  PR 5 II Naphthol ITR, naphthol ITR 12490PR 7 I Naphthol AS-TR, naphthol AS-TR 12420PR 9 I Naphthol AS-OL, naphthol AS-OL 12460           REDS (cont'd)  PR 14 II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12380PR 101 I Indian Red, synthetic red iron oxide (bluish hue) 77491  PR 101 I Light or English Red Oxide, synthetic red iron oxide (yellowish hue) 77491PR 101 I Mars Red or Mars Orange or Iron Oxide Red or Iron Oxide Orange, with option of adding the name Red Iron Oxide, synthetic red iron oxide 77491PR 101 I Mars Violet or Iron Oxide Violet, with option of adding the name Violet Iron Oxide, synthetic iron oxide (violet hue) 77015PR 101 I Venetian Red, synthetic iron oxide (yellowish hue) 77491PR 102 I Light Red, calcined yellow ochre 77492PR 106 I Vermilion, mercuric sulfide (DL) 77766PR 108 I Cadmium (hue designation), concentrated cadmium-seleno sulfide (CC) 77202.1PR 108:1 I Cadmium-Barium (hue designation), cadmium seleno-sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77202:1PR 112 II Naphthol AS-D, naphthol AS-D 12370PR 113 I Cadmium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, concentrated cadmium mercury sulfide (CC) 77201PR 113:1 I Cadmium-Barium Vermilion Red Light, Medium or Deep, cadmium mercury sulfide coprecipitated with barium sulfate 77201:1PR 119 I Naphthol Red, naphthol NAPR 122 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone 73915PR 123 II Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71145PR 149 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 77137PR 168 I Brominated Anthanthrone, brominated anthanthrone 59300PR 170 F3RK-70 I Naphthol Red, naphthol carbamide 12475PR 170 F5RK II Naphthol Crimson, naphthol carbamide 12475PR 171 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation), monoazo benzimidazolone 12512PR 175 I Benzimidazolone (hue designation), benzimidazolone 71513PR 179 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71130PR 181 I Thioindigoid Magenta, thioindigoid 73360PR 188 I Naphthol AS, naphthol AS 12467PR 190 I Perylene (hue designation), perylene 71140PR 192 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone red NAPR 194 I Perinone Red Deep, perinone 71100PR 202 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone 73907PR 206 I Quinacridone Burnt Orange, quinacridone NAPR 207 I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone red 73900PR 209 I Quinacridone Yellow Red, quinacridone red γ 73905PR 242 I Disazo condensation 20067PR 254 I Pyrrole Red, pyrrolopyrrol 73902PR 255 I Pyrrole Scarlet, pyrrolopyrrol NAPV 19 I Quinacridone (hue designation), γ quinacridone red 73900    PURPLES  PV 15 I Ultramarine Red, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino-sulphosilicate 77007PV 15 I Ultramarine Violet, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino-sulphosilicate 77007PV 19(DL) I Quinacridone (hue designation), quinacridone violet b 73900PV 23 (RS) II Dioxazine Purple, carbazole dioxazine 51319PV 31 I Isoviolanthrone Violet, isoviolanthrone 60010    BLUES  PB 15 I Phthalocyanine Blue or Phthalo Blue, copper phthalocyanine 74160PB 16 I Phthalocyanine Blue, metal free phthalocyanine 74100PB 22 I Indanthrone Blue, indanthrone 69810PB 27 II Prussian Blue with option of adding the name Milori Blue, ferri-ammonium ferrocyanide 77510PB 28 I Cobalt Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum or cobalt aluminate 77346PB 29 I Ultramarine Blue, complex silicate of sodium and aluminum with sulfur, or sodium alumino-sulphosilicate 77007PB 33 I Manganese Blue, barium manganate with barium sulfate 77112PB 35 I Cerulean Blue, oxides of cobalt and tin or cobalt stannate 77368PB 36 I Cerulean Blue, Chromium or Cobalt Chromite Blue, oxides of cobalt and aluminum, or cobalt chromite 77343PB 60 I Indanthrone Blue, indanthrone 69800    GREENS  PG 7 I Phthalocyanine Green or Phthalo Green, chlorinated copper phthalocyanine 74260PG 10 I Green Gold with option of adding the name Nickel Azo Yellow, nickel chelated azo 12775PG 17 I Chromium Oxide Green, anhydrous chromium sesquioxide 77288PG 19 I Cobalt Green, oxides of cobalt and zinc, or cobalt zincate 77335PG 23 I Green Earth or Terra Verte, natural ferrous silicate containing magnesium and aluminum potassium silicates 77009PG 26 I Cobalt Green, cobalt chromite 77344PB 36 I Cobalt Chromite Green or Cobalt Turquoise, oxides of cobalt and chromium, or cobalt chromite 77343PG 36 I Phthalocyanine Green, chlorinated and brominated phthalocyanine 74265PG 50 I Light Green Oxide, oxides of nickel, cobalt, and titanium 77377                  BROWNS  PBr 6 I Mars Brown or Iron Oxide Brown with option of adding the name Brown Iron Oxide, synthetic brown iron oxide or mixture of synthetic iron oxides 77499PBr 7 I Burnt Sienna, calcined natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492PBr 7 I Burnt Umber, calcined natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492PBr 7 I Raw Sienna, natural iron oxide 77491 or 77492PBr 7 I Raw Umber, natural iron oxide containing manganese 77491 or 77492    BLACKS  PBk 6 I Lamp Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266PBk 7 I Carbon Black, nearly pure amorphous carbon 77266PBk 9 I Ivory Black or Bone Black, amorphous carbon produced by charring animal bones 77267PBk 10 I Graphite Gray, crystallized carbon 77265PBk 11 I Mars Black or Iron Oxide Black, with option of adding the name Black Iron Oxide, synthetic black iron oxide 77499    WHITES  PW 4 I Zinc White, zinc oxide 77947PW 6 I Titanium White, titanium dioxide (rutile or anatase) 778911.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This pertains only to the test method section found in Sections 6 and 7, and Appendix X2. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Tinting strength may be one factor in judging the relative economic value of paints, since pigment concentration contributes to strength in a major way; other factors are formulation and color development in grinding. The user may also select products for other properties, such as transparency, that are accompanied by different tinting strengths. The results of this test method may be used for production control or quality comparisons.5.2 The product with the greatest or the least tinting strength may not be the most desirable for a given artistic use. For example, low tinting strength may lead to the need to use an excessively high pigment concentration to obtain a desired color effect, and this may lead to defects in the dry paint film.5.3 This test method applies only to single-pigment paints. The tinting strength of paints that contain two or more chromatic pigments with different optical properties cannot be evaluated by this test method.5.4 The term “similar chemical type” used in 1.1 does not limit the ingredients in the paints to identity, but refers to compatibility in the case of vehicles and to similarity in the case of pigment types.5.5 While the instrumental evaluation of tinting strength is described, visual comparisons can also be used, with lower precision, and should be made to provide confirmation of the instrumental and computational results.5.6 If the sample and standard are widely different in appearance when prepared at the same ratio of chromatic to white paint, another sample should be prepared to bring the two closer in appearance, to obtain the most accurate results.5.7 The quantities of chromatic and white paints mixed must be accurately known, on either a weight or a volume basis, but the concentration of pigment in the chromatic paint need not be known.5.8 When the paints being compared have the same vehicle and pigment (same Colour Index name and number) the values of uncorrected tinting strength from 9.1 and corrected tinting strength from 9.2 should be nearly the same. If they are not, an average of the two tinting strengths is recommended as the best estimate of the true value, and a range provides a measure of the magnitude of the uncertainty, which is due to differences in hue or chroma, or both, between the paints.5.9 Strictly speaking, the Kubelka-Munk-type analysis of this test method should not be applied to the tristimulus filter readings used, but only to spectral data. For the purposes of the relative comparisons of this test method, however, the errors introduced by the calculations used cancel to an adequate degree.1.1 This test method describes the determination of the absorption tinting strength of a chromatic test paint relative to that of a standard or reference paint of the same chemical type. The procedures are based on dilution of the paints with a standard mixing white paint, followed by instrumental measurement and calculation. Provision is made for correcting the results for small differences in hue or chroma, or both, between the test and reference chromatic paints.1.2 This test method is intended for the comparison of paints containing the same type of vehicle (acrylic, alkyd, or oil) and single-pigment colorants of the same Colour Index2 name and number. The amounts of the pigment and of the other components of the paint need not be known.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method provides values that are useful in specifying and controlling the consistency of paints, such as consumer or trade sales products.1.1 This test method covers the measurement of Krebs Unit (KU) viscosity to evaluate the consistency of paints and related coatings using the Stormer-type viscometer.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Control of water content is often important in controlling the performance of paint and paint ingredients, and it is critical in controlling volatile organic compound (VOC) content.4.2 Paint materials are often insoluble in common Karl Fischer solvents such as methanol. Pyridine has been found to be a nearly universal solvent for these materials; however, the Karl Fischer reaction is too slow in that solvent at room temperature. To speed it up, 1-ethylpiperidine is added at 5 % as a buffer, or “catalyst.”4.3 For nonpyridine-based reagents, a number of different solvent systems are available to increase solubility and to minimize interferences from ketones and aldehydes.1.1 This test method is applicable to all paints and paint materials, including resins, monomers, and solvents, with the exception of aldehydes and certain active metals, metal oxides, and metal hydroxides. While the evaluation was limited to pigmented products containing amounts of water in the 30 % to 70 % range, there is reason to believe that higher and lower concentrations can be determined by this test method.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 7.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Increasing attention is being paid to human exposure to airborne chemicals from products or materials used indoors, for two reasons:5.1.1 Individuals spend substantial fractions of their time indoors.5.1.2 Such exposures can occur repeatedly throughout one’s lifetime.5.2 The primary objectives of this practice are as follows:5.2.1 To list the elements that need to be considered in developing a scenario to describe how exposure occurs to chemicals emitted from alkyd or latex interior paints.5.2.2 To discuss procedures and alternatives for choosing and describing these elements.5.3 Elements of an exposure scenario, in turn, are used to inform a subsequent step of estimating exposures through monitoring studies or computer modeling exercises.5.4 Once exposures have been estimated, the results can be used to assess the potential impacts of a specific paint formulation on the health of exposed individuals, or to compare the relative impacts of alternative formulations.5.5 Estimation of exposures, or comparisons of estimated exposures across alternative paint formulations, can lead to development of environmentally preferable products by minimizing adverse health effects for exposed individuals.1.1 This practice provides procedures for constructing scenarios for assessment of inhalation exposure to airborne emissions of chemicals released from alkyd or latex paints that are used indoors.1.2 The indoor environments covered in this practice, in terms of considerations for developing exposure scenarios, are residences and office buildings.1.3 Elements of the exposure scenarios include the product and chemical(s) to be assessed, the indoor environment where the product is applied, application of the product, chemical emissions during and after product application, and location/activity patterns of individuals who may be exposed to the airborne chemical emissions.1.4 Steps to be performed after developing exposure scenarios, such as monitoring, modeling and exposure/risk assessment, also are described.1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and provides a basis for common understanding among producers, distributors, and users.4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the requirements be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects. Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification, may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either of which may be acceptable under this specification.AbstractThis specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints. This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time. The different labelling requirements for artists' oil paints, resin-oil, and alkyd paints are presented in details. The quality assurance method for artists' oil paints and artists' resin-oil paints are presented in details. The quality assurance methods for artists' alkyd paints are presented. The lightfastness of the paints shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Lightfastness categories shall be assign to meet the requirements prescribed.1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists’ oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Latex paints dry very quickly which often causes difficulty in final appearance of painted areas, especially paints formulated below 100g/L VOC where lower amounts of solvents are in the formulated latex paint. This method is a means of determining the time available before a test paint cannot be worked into a previously painted area.1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the length of time a latex paint remains “wet” or “open” enough to allow for brush-in and repair.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 In order to calculate the volatile organic content (VOC) of paints containing EPA exempt solvents, it is necessary to know the acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride content. This gas chromatographic test method provides a simple and direct way for measuring these solvents. Each analyte is measured with respect to a unique internal standard. For acetone, the internal standard used is acetone-d6, for methyl acetate it is methyl acetate-d3, and for PCBTF it is metachlorobenzotrifluoride (MCBTF). These unique analyte/internal standard pairs behave very nearly as single solvents with respect to evaporation rate and adsorption rate onto a coated silica fiber (SPME) but are separable on a gas chromatograph (GC) capillary column. The only critical analytical technique required for successfully performing this test method is the ability of an analyst to weigh a paint sample and internal standard, corresponding to the analyte of interest, into a septum capped vial. After weighing, solvent evaporation has no effect on the final value of the determination. Since whole paint is not injected into the gas chromatograph, the analytical system is never compromised.1.1 This test method is for the determination of acetone, methyl acetate, or parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF), or combination of any of the three, in paints and coatings, by solid phase microextraction (SPME) headspace sampling, and subsequent injection into a gas chromatograph. It has been evaluated for cellulose nitrate, acrylic, and urethane solvent-borne systems. The established working range of this test method is: acetone, 28 to 90 %; methyl acetate, 12 to 22 %; parachlorobenzotrifluoride, 10 to 17 %. There is no reason to believe that it will not work outside these ranges. A minor modification of this test method would make it suitable for the analysis of the same analytes in water-borne coatings (see Note 1).NOTE 1: Water-borne paints are internally standardized and diluted with water followed by addition of solid sodium chloride.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This test method is suitable for setting specifications for the pigment content of solvent-reducible paints as well as for monitoring manufacturing quality control.3.2 This test method provides the isolated pigment fraction from solvent-reducible paints that may be used for pigment analysis.1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the quantitative separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible coatings.1.2 This test method has been proven to be applicable to the following types of paints: white linseed oil outside house paint, white soya and phthalic alkyd enamel, white linseed o-phthalic alkyd enamel, red lead primer, zinc chromate primer, flat white inside enamel, white epoxy enamel, white vinyl toluene modified alkyd, and white amino modified baking enamel. It is considered to be applicable to most solvent-reducible paints.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 6.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 Separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paints is required in order to characterize paint vehicles by chemical, spectroscopic, or chromatographic techniques. Characterization of vehicles is important since they play a major role in the performance of coatings.1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paint.1.2 In the development of the practice the following materials were tested: white soya and white fish oil isophthalic alkyd semi-gloss enamels, white linseed oil paint, white soya and white linseed o-phthalic alkyd enamels. It is considered to be applicable to similar materials.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is intended to direct the user to the appropriate existing standards and literature in order for the user to become knowledgeable of the operations that need to be done to effectively compare, detect and identify the odors of paints, inks, and related materials.4.2 This guide directs the user to specific standards and literature sources that allow the user to accomplish the primary steps to complete the following task:(1) Comparing products for their odor characteristics,(2) Determining the perception threshold of odors,(3) Isolating and identifying the chemical nature of the odor, and(4) Confirming the results.1.1 This guide is intended to provide direction in order to assist the producers and users of paints, inks, and related coatings, and others who may also be exposed, to detect, compare and identify the odors that may originate from these materials.1.2 This guide is intended to provide references for establishing guidelines to assist in identifying and verifying the sources of odors and other related issues. Further information may be found in DS-48A (1).21.3 This guide is intended to assist in establishing guidelines as follows:(1) Comparing products for their odor characteristics,(2) Determining the perception threshold of odors,(3) Isolating and identifying the chemical nature of the odor, and(4) Confirming the results.1.4 For hazard information and guidance, see the supplier's Material Safety Data Sheet.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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5.1 This test method evaluates the hiding power of a test paint relative to a comparison paint. The results have significance only within that relationship. It may be used for production control or quality comparisons.5.2 When a paint is applied by brush or any other practical method, the opacity of the film is affected by variations in film thickness related to the application procedure and to the application characteristics of the paint. Two paints that hide equally well by this method might therefore differ considerably when applied with a doctor blade, since the latter method gives essentially perfect leveling. Different brushes or surface application conditions can likewise give different results.NOTE 1: Test Method D2805 describes an instrumental method for quantitatively determining hiding power without reference to a material paint standard. The paint film is applied at a uniform thickness (for example, with a doctor blade), the film thickness is measured rigorously, and the opacity is evaluated photometrically. Hiding power is thereby determined with a high degree of precision.5.3 Test Method D344 is less precise than Test Method D2805, but is more practical because it is responsive to the application characteristics of paints, and is simpler in concept and execution.1.1 This test method provides for the qualitative and quantitative visual determination of the hiding power of a test paint relative to that of a comparison paint.1.2 This test method describes only a brushout application procedure in specific detail, but its concepts are valid for other methods of application as well.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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3.1 This test method provides a procedure for determining qualitatively the composition of solvent in paints containing only hydrocarbon solvents.1.1 This test method covers the determination of the nature of solvent in solvent-reducible house paints containing only hydrocarbon solvents.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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