Normalization of penetration resistance data is a frequently used method to evaluate the liquefaction susceptibility of sands. A large case history database from many countries has been accumulated to estimate instability of saturated sands during earthquakes (1,2,3,4). This test is used extensively for a great variety of geotechnical exploration programs where earthquake induced instability of soil needs to be evaluated. Many widely published correlations and local correlations are available, which relate penetration resistance to the engineering properties of soils and the behavior of earthworks and foundations. The data from different countries with differing drilling techniques have been interpreted to develop a preferred normalization approach. This approach has been termed the N1 method proposed by H. Bolton Seed and his colleagues (2,3). Evaluation of liquefaction potential is beyond the scope of this practice. Interpretation of normalized penetration resistance values should be performed by qualified personnel familiar with the multitude of factors influencing interpretation of the data. One purpose of this practice is to attempt to develop a more accurate data base of penetration resistance data from future liquefaction case histories. The normalized penetration resistance determined in this practice may be useful for determination of other engineering properties of sands.This practice is based on field studies of limited depth and chamber testing of limited stress conditions (1,2,5,6). The existing data bases also are limited in soil types examined. Drilling equipment and methods vary widely from country to country. The majority of data is obtained using the fluid rotary method of drilling with small drill rods and donut or safety type hammers. Some studies have shown that other drilling methods, such as hollow stem augers can be used to successfully collect penetration resistance data (7,8). When using alternate drilling methods, however, it is easier to cause disturbance, and potential disturbance must be evaluated carefully. If there is any question regarding disturbance from alternative drilling methods, use of fluid rotary drilling is recommended.A majority of case history liquefaction data has been collected at shallow depths of less than 50 ft. Stress correction information is limited to 3 to 6 ton/ft2 (3000 to 6000 kPa) range. Knowledge is limited for energy transmission effects with drill rod lengths exceeding 100 to 150 ft (30 to 45 m).This practice is limited to evaluation of level ground sites. For soils subjected to non-level ground conditions, other correction factors may be required (3).Note 2—The reliability of data and interpretations generated by this practice is dependent on the competence of the personnel performing it and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 generally are considered capable of competent testing. Users of this practice are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not assure reliable testing. Reliable testing depends on several factors and Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating some of these factors.This practice is dependent on existing data and the currently accepted practice for measurement of drill rod energy ratio, ERi, Test Method D4633 and of the penetration resistance test, Test Method D1586. The current practice consists of adjusting raw N values to a drill rod energy ratio of 60 % (2). Recommended practice stresses measurement of the drill rod energy ratio because there often are losses in the impact anvil. This measurement is performed by instrumenting drill rods at the surface. Energy should be obtained by using both force and acceleration measurements for integration of the product of force and velocity.For many automatic hammer systems, once the drill rod energy ratio is known for the particular design, periodic monitoring of hammer terminal impact velocity (kinetic energy), or drop height (potential energy), may be required to assure proper hammer operation. Most manufacturers can supply energy transmission data for automatic hammers. Kinetic energy or potential energy checks do not provide drill rod energy, ERi, because of losses through the anvil, but they can provide a useful check that the hammer is operating correctly. Velocity checks or drop height checks can be performed using radar or tape extensometers, respectively.Method A—Depends on assumed drill rod energies for hammer systems such as the safety and automatic hammer systems commonly used in North America and other countries (2,10,11). Assumed energy ratios for other hammer systems should be based on previously published measurements. The assumed values should be documented and source data referenced. The hammer system should be operated in the same method as when the documented energy data was collected.Method B—Depends on performance of energy measurements for the system during testing. These measurements may be performed using Test Method D4633 or other methods, such as force-acceleration measurements. The measurement methods, configurations, calibrations, and computations should be documented or reported. It is possible to adjust hammer weight and drop height of the hammer system in place of performing the energy correction. If these adjustments are made, the developed methodology and supporting energy measurements should be reported.The correction of N60 to a reference stress level is based on a stress correction factor, CN. A typical stress exponent, n, used in practice, ranges from 0.45 to 0.6 (6,16). The stress adjustment factor was developed using chamber testing of clean sands. The adjustments depend on particle size, density, over consolidation and aging (5,17). Frequently, the soils of concern are young alluvial sand deposits of low density. These factors may not be applicable to sands with fines (SM, SC) or sands with more compressible minerals (mica or calcareous). With the lack of controlled data for these soils, however, current practice is to apply these factors to these soils for preliminary evaluations of soil stability. Other methods for normalizing soil values can be used and are acceptable if the method and reasoning are documented (5,17).Soil liquefaction is most often associated with saturated sands. Most investigations will be performed below the water table. The normalization of penetration resistance also may be applicable to dry sands. In some cases, where future soil saturation is anticipated, testing can be performed in dry sands. If the testing is performed in dry sands, the user should be aware of possible changes in the soil upon saturation. This is especially true with dirty dry sands that may undergo collapse upon saturation. Dry sands are more stable during drilling such that a wider variety of drilling methods are acceptable and many of the drilling precautions in Section 11 may be waived.Use of this practice provides a disturbed soil sample for identification and for laboratory testing. The classification information commonly is used to develop site stratigraphy and to identify zones where further, more detailed investigations may be required.1.1 This practice outlines a procedure to obtain a record of normalized resistance of sands to the penetration of a standard sampler driven by a standard energy for estimating soil liquefaction potential during earthquakes. The normalized penetration resistance determined in this practice may be useful for determination of other engineering properties of sands.1.2 This practice uses Test Method D1586 with additions and modifications to minimize disturbance of saturated loose cohesionless sands during drilling. This practice combines results of Test Method D1586 and interprets the data for normalization purposes.1.3 Due to inherent variability of the SPT, guidance is given on test configuration and energy adjustments. Penetration resistance is adjusted for energy delivered in the penetration test. Energy adjustments can be estimated or measured and reported.1.4 Standard practice for normalizing penetration resistance values is given. Penetration resistance data are normalized to a standard overburden stress level.1.5 The normalized penetration resistance data may be used to estimate liquefaction resistance of saturated sands from earthquake shaking. Evaluation of liquefaction resistance may be applied to natural ground conditions or foundations for either planned or existing structures.1.6 Using this practice representative disturbed samples of the soil can be collected for identification purposes.1.7 This practice is limited to use in cohesionless soils (see Test Method D2487 and classifications of SM, SW, SP, SP-SM, and SW-SM Practice D2488). In most cases, testing is performed in saturated deposits below the water table. In some cases, dry sands may be tested (see 5.4). This practice is not applicable to lithified materials or fine grained soils. Gravel can interfere with the test and result in elevated penetration resistance values. Normalization of penetration resistance values for gravelly soils is beyond the scope of this practice.1.8 Penetration resistance measurements often will involve safety planning, administration, and documentation. This practice does not purport to address all aspects of exploration and site safety. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Performance of the test usually involves use of a drill rig; therefore, safety requirements as outlined in applicable safety standards. For example, OSHA regulations, DCDMA safety manual, drilling safety manuals, and other applicable state and local regulations must be observed.1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the SI units, are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not equivalents, therefore, each system must be used independently of the other.1.9.1 In pressure correction calculations, common units are ton/ft2, kg/cm2, atm, and bars. Since these units are approximately equal (within a factor of 1.1), many engineers prefer the use of these units in stress correction calculations. For those using kPa or kN/m2, 100 kPa is approximately equal to one ton/ft2. The stress exponent, n, (see 3.3.1) is approximately equal for these units.1.10 This practice may not be applicable in some countries, states, or localities, where rules or standards may differ for applying penetration resistance to liquefaction estimates. Other practices exist for estimating soil instability from penetration resistance data. Procedures may change with advances in geotechnical engineering. It is dependent on the user in consultation with experienced engineers to select appropriate methods and correction to data. In earthquake engineering studies, many phenomena can affect soil instability. The practice reflects only one current exploration technique and method for normalizing penetration resistance data to a common level for comparisons to case history information.1.11 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.

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4.1 This practice may be used to evaluate pertinent characteristics of washable T-shirts.4.2 T-shirts may be subject to extra processes such as garment dyeing, garment washing, printing, application of embroidery or trims. An individual process or combination or processes may affect the performance of the final product.4.3 This practice may be used by mutual agreement between the purchaser and the supplier to establish purchasing specifications.1.1 This practice covers test methods and procedures used to evaluate important characteristics of machine washable T-shirts. T-shirts may be made of knitted fabric composed of any textile fiber(s) or blend of fibers and intended to be used as underwear or as an outer garment.1.2 T-shirts' characteristics may be assessed either as a final product or at any intermediate processing stage.1.3 This practice excludes T-shirts intended for hand washing or dry cleaning care.1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 The methods outlined in this guide can be used to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the sensory characteristics and performance of trigger hard surface household cleaning products for nonporous surfaces.5.2 The methods are suited for descriptive analysis and may be adaptable for consumer acceptance research.5.3 This guide provides the procedure for the evaluation of package, application, performance, after-use and fragrance aspects of hard surface cleaners. Depending on the test objectives, all or some of these measures may be used.5.4 This guide is designed for use for product research guidance in product formulation, new product development, and quality control issues.5.5 This guide is a compendium of information or series of options that does not recommend a specific course of action. This guide is not intended for claim substantiation, as it has not been subjected to validation testing.5.6 This guide is for use by individuals who familiarize themselves with these procedures and who have previous experience with sensory evaluations. It is suggested that the individuals have some experience with developing and training a descriptive panel or work under the supervision of a sensory professional who has.5.7 This guide might involve hazardous materials. This guide does not claim to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this guide to establish appropriate safety and healthy practices and to determine the applicability of limitations prior to use.1.1 This guide presents guidelines specific to the sensory evaluation of trigger hard surface cleaners. It covers the procedure for preparing a nonporous surface with the intent to measure one or all of the various aspects of a trigger product: package, application, performance, and after-use properties, with focus on visual, tactile, fragrance, performance, and package ergonomics. It is applicable for use with assessors, highly trained assessors, and consumers.1.2 This guide for preparing nonporous hard surfaces is intended to focus on surface preparation and evaluation, not on panel selection, training, or development.1.3 The reader should be aware that good sensory practices are required when preparing the surfaces, and in developing and training the assessors.1.4 The researcher is responsible for identifying the most appropriate test design and using the appropriate statistical tool to address that experimental design.1.5 Since this guide's intended use is to provide direction on the presentation and measurement of the different aspects of spray trigger hard surface cleaners, this guide may not accurately represent all possible soils and surfaces where spray trigger hard surface cleaners may be used.1.6 This guide provides suggested procedures and is not meant to exclude alternate procedures that may be effectively used to provide the same results.1.7 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This practice is designed for researchers, applicators, and end users of pesticides where one or more ingredients are being mixed into an aqueous spray system. The practice is useful in determining physical compatibility of aqueous spray mixtures of pesticides and/or fertilizers.4.2 The practice is not designed to determine physical compatibility of non-aqueous based spray mixtures.4.3 The results or the testing should be used to determine the compatibility of the mixture ingredients in dynamic applications. Interpolation of static results to the expectations of the results of this test is not encouraged.1.1 This practice describes the method for the evaluation of the physical compatibility and stability of pesticide tank mixtures diluted for aqueous application. This practice may also be adapted to use with liquid fertilizers in replacement of the water diluent.1.2 Tank mix compatibility can be affected by many variables. Care should be taken to duplicate test conditions. This practice addresses the standard variables such as time, temperature, water hardness, method of agitation, and degree of agitation.1.3 Compatibility is complex and can be affected by other variables such as order of addition, pH of the dilution water, pumping shear, etc. Under the parameters of this practice, the results will define whether the pesticide mixture is or is not compatible in the laboratory. Compatibility or incompatibility should be confirmed under field spray conditions.1.4 Proper safety and hygiene precautions must be taken when working with pesticide formulations to prevent skin or eye contact, vapor inhalation, and environmental contamination.1.5 Read and follow all handling instructions for the specific formulation and conduct the test in accordance with good laboratory practice.1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Many parameters contribute to the overall performance of a sealant application. Some of the most significant parameters are sealant joint geometry, joint movement, joint design, sealant movement capability, quality of workmanship, quality of adhesive bond, and quality of the sealant material. If a sealant fails in adhesion, there is no straightforward procedure for determining the cause. The adhesive failure may be due to workmanship, the specific surface preparation used, the specific sealant used, poor joint design, poor bond chemistry, or other causes. Comprehensive information for the use of joint sealants is provided in Guide C1193. This technique may not produce useful results when the sealant is in compression. Comprehensive information regarding the impact of temperature on sealant joint dimensions may be found in Guide C1472.1.1 The non-destructive procedure described in this practice induces a depression (strain) in the sealant, creating an elongation of the sealant and a stress on the adhesive bond at the sealant to joint substrate interface. The primary purpose of the practice is to reveal sealant adhesion anomalies not discernible by visual examination, at the time of the evaluation, which may affect air infiltration resistance, or water infiltration resistance, or both, of the sealed joint. Note 1—The nondestructive procedure may require immediate repair of the sealant bead, if failure is identified. Appropriate materials and equipment should be available for this purpose. 1.2 This practice is useful for the evaluation of adhesion of weatherseals in joints that are backed with compressible materials such as backer rod. This practice is not as useful in joints with solid backing. 1.3 The proper use of this practice requires a working knowledge of the principles of sealants as applied in movement joint applications. 1.4 A sealant fails to perform as a weatherseal when it allows air, or water, or both, to infiltrate the joint. This practice does not evaluate the performance of an installed sealant as a weatherseal. This practice is intended to only evaluate the characteristics of the adhesive bond in a particular installation. Note 2—In addition to identifying adhesion characteristics of the sealant joint, this practice may provide the user with an indication of other characteristics and anomalies including, but not limited to, changes in sealant depth, insufficiently sized or configured backer rods, cohesive failures, entrapped air voids, and solid contaminants. Anomalies of this nature may be interpreted and addressed by the evaluator. 1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.6 The committee with jurisdiction for this standard is not aware of any comparable standard published by other organizations. 1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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1.1 This test method covers an engine test procedure for evaluating automotive engine oils for certain high-temperature performance characteristics, including oil thickening, sludge and varnish deposition, and oil consumption, as well as engine wear. Such oils include both single viscosity grade and multiviscosity grade oils which are used in both spark-ignition, gasoline-fueled engines, as well as in diesel engines. Note 1-Companion test methods used to evaluate engine oil performance for specification requirements are discussed in SAE J304. 1.2 The values stated in either acceptable metric units or in other units shall be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system must be used independently of the other, without combining values in any way. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This test method is arranged as follows: Subject Section Introduction 1 Referenced Documents 2 Terminology 3 Summary of Test Method 4 Significance and Use 5 Apparatus 6 Laboratory 6.1 Drawings 6.2 Specified Equipment 6.3 Test Engine 6.4 Engine Parts 6.4.1 Hold-Back Fixture 6.4.2 Engine Speed and Load Control 6.5 Engine Cooling System 6.6 Flushing Tank 6.7 Coolant Mixing Tank 6.8 Jacketed Rocker Cover, Intake Manifold Crossover, and Breather Tube Cooling Systems 6.9 External Oil-Cooling System 6.10 Fuel System 6.11 Carburetor Air Supply Humidity, Temperature, and Pressure 6.12 Temperature Measurement 6.13 Thermocouple Location 6.13.1 Air-to-Fuel Ratio Determination 6.14 Exhaust and Exhaust Back Pressure Systems 6.15 Blowby Flow Rate Measurement 6.16 Pressure Measurement and Pressure Sensor Location 6.17 Reagents and Materials 7. Test Fuel 7.1 Additive Concentrate for the Coolant 7.2 Coolant Preparation 7.3 Pre-Test Cleaning Materials 7.4 Post-Test Cleaning Materials 7.5 Sealing and Anti-seize Compounds 7.6 Hazards 8 Test Oil Sample Requirements 9 Preparation of Apparatus 10 Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning 10.1 Jacketed Rocker Cover Cleaning 10.2 Breather Tube Cleaning 10.3 Cleaning of Special Stainless Steel Parts 10.4 Intake Manifold Cleaning 10.5 Precision Rocker Shaft Follower Cleaning 10.6 Cleaning of Engine Parts (other than the block and heads) 10.7 Engine Block Cleaning 10.8 Cylinder Head Cleaning 10.9 Engine Build-up Procedure 10.10 General Information 10.10.1 Special Parts 10.10.2 Hardware Information 10.10.3 Sealing Compound Applications 10.10.4 Fastener Torque Specifications and Torquing Procedures 10.10.5 Main Bearing Cap Bolts 10.10.5.1 Cylinder Head Bolts 10.10.5.2 Intake Manifold Bolts 10.10.5.3 Torques for Miscellaneous Bolts, Studs, and Nuts 10.10.5.4 Parts Replacement 10.10.6 Engine Block Preparation 10.10.7 Piston Fitting and Numbering 10.10.8 Piston Ring Fitting 10.10.9 Pre-Test Camshaft and Lifter Measurements 10.10.10 Camshaft Bearing Installation 10.10.11 Camshaft Preparation 10.10.12 Camshaft Installation 10.10.13 Installation of Camshaft Hold-Back Fixture 10.10.14 Camshaft Sprocket, Crankshaft Sprocket, and Chain 10.10.15 Camshaft Thrust Button 10.10.16 Main Bearings 10.10.17 Crankshaft 10.10.18 Main Bearing Cap Installation 10.10.19 Crankshaft End Play 10.10.20 Piston Pin Installation 10.10.21 Piston Installation 10.10.22 Harmonic Balancer 10.10.23 Connecting Rod Bearings 10.10.24 Engine Front Cover 10.10.25 Coolant Inlet Adapter 10.10.26 Timing Mark Accuracy 10.10.27 Oil Pump 10.10.28 Oil Dipstick Hole 10.10.29 Oil Pan 10.10.30 Cylinder Head Assembly 10.10.31 Adjustment of Valve Spring Loads 10.10.32 Cylinder Head Installation 10.10.33 Hydraulic Valve Lifters 10.10.34 Pushrods 10.10.35 Precision Rocker Shaft Assembly 10.10.36 Valve Train Loading 10.10.37 Intake Manifold 10.10.38 Rocker Cover Deflectors and Stanchions 10.10.39 Rocker Covers 10.10.40 Water Inlet Adapter 10.10.41 Breather Tube 10.10.42 Coolant Outlet Adapter 10.10.43 Oil Fill Adapter 10.10.44 Oil Filter Adapter 10.10.45 Oil Sample Valve 10.10.46 Ignition System 10.10.47 Carburetor 10.10.48 Accessory Drive Units 10.10.49 Exhaust Manifolds, Water-Cooled 10.10.50 Engine Flywheel 10.10.51 Pressure Checking of Engine Coolant System 10.10.52 Lifting of Assembled Engines 10.11 Mounting the Engine on the Test Stand 10.12 External Cooling System Cleaning 10.13 Engine Coolant Jacket and Intake Manifold Coolant Crossover Cleaning (Flushing) 10.14 Coolant Charging 10.15 Test Oil Charging 10.16 Engine Oil Pump Priming and Cam-and-Lifter Pre- Test Lubrication 10.17 Calibration 11 Laboratory and Engine Test Stand Calibration 11.1 Testing of Reference Oils 11.1.1 Reference Oil Test Frequency 11.1.2 Reporting of Reference Oil Test Results 11.1.3 Evaluation of Reference Oil Test Results 11.1.4 Status of Non-reference Oil Tests Relative to Reference Oil Tests 11.1.5 Status of Test Stands Used for Non-Standard Tests 11.1.6 Instrumentation Calibration 11.2 Engine Operating Procedure 12 Dipstick and Hole Plug 12.1 Oil Fill Adapter 12.2 Carburetor Air Inlet Supply Line 12.3 Engine Start-up and Shutdown Procedures 12.4 Start-up 12.4.1 Shutdown 12.4.2 Non-Scheduled Shutdowns 12.4.3 Oil Sampling 12.5 Oil Leveling 12.6 Checks for Glycol Contamination 12.7 Air-to-Fuel-Ratio Measurement and Control 12.8 Blowby Flow Rate Measurement 12.9 NOx Determinations 12.10 Data Recording 12.11 Ignition Timing Run (Ten Minutes) 12.12 Break-In (4 Hours) 12.13 Engine Oil Quality Testing (64 Hours) 12.14 Test Termination 12.15 Determination of Test Results 13 Engine Disassembly 13.2 Preparation of Parts for Rating of Sticking, Deposits, and Plugging 13.3 Rating Environment 13.4 Part Sticking 13.5 Sludge Rating 13.6 Piston Skirt Deposits Rating 13.7 Oil Ring Land Deposits Rating 13.8 Part Plugging Observations 13.9 Visual Inspection for Scuffing and Wear 13.10 Post-Test Camshaft and Lifter Wear Measurements 13.11 Connecting Rod Bearing Weight Loss 13.12 Viscosity Test 13.13 Blowby Flow Rate Measurements 13.14 Oil Consumption Computation 13.15 Photographs of Test Parts 13.16 Retention of Representative Test Parts 13.17 Severity Adjustments 13.18 Determination of Operational Validity 13.19 Report 14 Report Forms 14.1 Use of SI Units 14.2 Precision of Reported Units 14.3 Deviations from Test Operational Limits 14.4 Oil Pressure Plot 14.5 Precision and Bias 15 Keywords 16 Annexes The Role of the ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) and the Calibration Program A1 Sequence IIIE Engine Test Parts A2 Sequence IIIE Test Parts and Drawings A3 Sequence IIIE Test Fuel Analysis A4 Sequence IIIE Test Control Chart Technique for Developing and Applying Severity Adjustments A5 Sequence IIIE Test Reporting A6 Sequence IIIE Test Air-to-Fuel Ratio A7 Sequence IIIE Test Blowby Flow Rate Correction Factor A8 Appendixes Sequence IIIE Test-Engine Build Measurement Worksheets X1 Sequence IIIE Test-Pre- and Post-Test Measurements X2 Sequence IIIE Test-Cam Lobe Oiling Wand X3 Sequence IIIE Test-Operational Logs, Checklists, and Worksheets X4 Sequence IIIE Test-Rating Worksheets X5

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4.1 The significance of each test method depends upon the system in use and the purpose of the test method as listed under Section 5. Use the most recent editions of ASTM test methods.1.1 This guide2 covers general information, without specific limits, for selecting standard test methods for evaluating heat transfer fluids for quality and aging. These test methods are considered particularly useful in characterizing biodegradable water-free heat transfer fluids in closed systems.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 Personnel that are responsible for the creation, transfer, and storage of eddy current NDE test results will use this standard. This practice defines a set of information modules that, along with Practice E2339 and the DICOM standard, provide a standard means to organize eddy current test parameters and results. The eddy current examination results may be displayed or analyzed on any device that conforms to the standard. Personnel wishing to view any eddy current examination data stored according to Practice E2339 may use this document to help them decode and display the data contained in the DICONDE compliant inspection record.1.1 This practice covers the interoperability of eddy current imaging and data acquisition equipment by specifying the image data transfer and archival storage in commonly accepted terms. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with Practice E2339 on Digital Imaging and Communication in Nondestructive Evaluation (DICONDE). Practice E2339 defines an industrial adaptation of NEMA PS3 / ISO 12052, an international standard for image data acquisition, review, storage, and archival storage. The goal of Practice E2339, commonly referred to as DICONDE, is to provide a standard that facilitates the display and analysis of NDE results on any system conforming to the DICONDE standard. Toward that end, Practice E2339 provides a data dictionary and a set of information modules that are applicable to all NDE modalities. This practice supplements Practice E2339 by providing information object definitions, information modules, and a data dictionary that are specific to eddy current test methods.1.2 This practice has been developed to overcome the issues that arise when analyzing or archiving data from eddy current test equipment using proprietary data transfer and storage methods. As digital technologies evolve, data must remain decipherable through the use of open, industry-wide methods for data transfer and archival storage. This practice defines a method where all the eddy current technique parameters and inspection data are communicated and stored in a standard manner regardless of changes in digital technology.1.3 This practice does not specify:1.3.1 A testing or validation procedure to assess an implementation's conformance to the standard,1.3.2 The implementation details of any features of the standard on a device claiming conformance, or1.3.3 The overall set of features and functions to be expected from a system implemented by integrating a group of devices each claiming DICONDE conformance.1.4 Units—Although this practice contains no values that require units, it does describe methods to store and communicate data that do require units to be properly interpreted. The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 This guide is for those responsible for the development and implementation of training and evaluation programs for first responders (FRs).4.2 At the beginning of the program, students shall be informed of the course objectives and requirements for successful completion.4.3 This guide is not intended for use as a training guide for emergency ambulance personnel.1.1 This guide covers the minimum training standards for First Responders (FRs) who may be responsible for the initial care of sick and injured persons of all ages in the prehospital environment.1.2 The scope of training will be in accordance with Guide F1287.1.3 Included in this guide is a standard for knowledge and skill evaluation.1.4 This guide does not suggest a particular training sequence.1.5 Operating within the framework of this guide may expose emergency medical service personnel to hazardous materials, procedures and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see the documents cited in 2.2.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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5.1 This test method is intended to investigate the resistance of a glenoid component to loosening. Glenoid loosening is the most common clinical complication in total shoulder arthroplasty (see X1.1). The method assumes that loosening occurs because of edge loading, often called the rocking-horse phenomenon.5.2 This test method can be used both to detect potential problems and to compare design features. Factors affecting loosening performance include articular geometry, flange geometry, materials, fixation design, bone quality, and surgical technique.1.1 These test methods measure how much a prosthetic anatomic glenoid component rocks or pivots following cyclic displacement of the humeral head to opposing glenoid rims (for example, superior-inferior or anterior-posterior). Motion is quantified by the tensile displacement opposite each loaded rim after dynamic rocking. Similarly, these test methods measure how much a prosthetic reverse glenoid component rocks or pivots following cyclic articulation with a mating humeral liner. Motion is quantified by the magnitude of displacement measured before and after cyclic loading.1.2 The same setup can be used to test the locking mechanisms of modular glenoid components, for example, disassociation of both anatomic and reverse shoulder components.1.3 These test methods cover shoulder replacement designs with monolithic or modular glenoid components for cemented fixation as well as reverse glenoid components for uncemented fixation.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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3.1 This guide outlines the general procedures necessary to evaluate and prepare a roof membrane for the application of a liquid surface coating.3.2 This guide is not all inclusive; this guide is intended to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers and safety requirements required by law.1.1 This guide covers the procedures for evaluating and preparing non-aggregate surfaced membranes for the application of a coating. It does not address design, construction, or installation issues regarding the roof assembly or the roof membrane. It is not an application guide for roof coatings.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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1.1 This practice covers the evaluation of frost resistance of coarse aggregates in air-entrained concrete. It was developed particularly for use with normal weight aggregates not having vesicular, highly porous structure.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.

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5.1 Design values obtained from 4.2 are permitted for use in design where the end-use temperature does not exceed 38 °C (100 °F).5.1.1 The mean test values for the properties evaluated in 4.2 (ftr,0) and 4.3 (ftr,108) shall be used to determine design value adjustment factors for FRT LVL that will be exposed to end-use temperatures in excess of 38 °C (100 °F) but not exceeding 66 °C (150 °F). Temperature adjustment factors in accordance with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS) shall also be applied in these applications.1.1 This practice covers procedures for the evaluation of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) pressure-treated with commercially available fire retardants after exposure to both standard environmental conditions and an extended exposure to elevated temperature.1.2 LVL products utilizing overlays or fire-retardant paints and coatings require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.3 LVL products manufactured for rim board applications require other considerations and are outside of the scope of this practice.1.4 This practice provides one method to establish design values for fire-retardant treated (FRT) LVL. It is not intended to preclude the use of alternative methods for deriving design values, such as Test Method D5664 and Practice D6841 for FRT lumber.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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4.1 Uses—This guide is intended for use on a voluntary basis by parties who wish to conduct a BEPIE. The process defined in this guide involves: (1) the collection of building and equipment information, including whole building energy consumption, much of which is typically collected as part of an E2018 PCA; (2) weather-normalizing the whole building energy consumption to obtain an EUI; (3) benchmarking the EUI to compare against the EUI of peer buildings; and (4) determining if the building’s EUI is under-performing compared to the EUI of peer buildings. If the building’s EUI is under-performing, the guide (1) evaluates the extent to which the building is under-performing; (2) provides guidance on what energy efficiency improvements might be made to bring the building to the performance level of its peers; and (3) provides guidance to obtain a probable cost for these energy efficiency improvements. The guide is intended principally as an approach to conducting a standardized building energy performance inquiry in connection with commercial real estate involved in a commercial real estate transaction with the intent to identify a condition of EUI under-performance compared to peer buildings. The guide provides for two approaches: a Screening Assessment (SA) that may be conducted, for example, as an adjunct to an E2018 PCA during due diligence prior to an acquisition, and a More Comprehensive Assessment (MCA) that would include more rigorous investigation as may, for example, be conducted by a building owner seeking to make an investment in EEMs. This guide is intended to reflect a commercially practical and reasonable inquiry.4.2 Clarifications on Use: 4.2.1 Use in Conjunction with an E2018 PCA—This guide, when added as a supplemental scope of work to an E2018 PCA, is designed to assist the user and Consultant in developing information about energy consumption and energy efficiency improvements that may be undertaken to reduce energy consumption in a building involved in a commercial real estate transaction. The guide also has utility to a wide range of situations, including those that may not involve a commercial real estate transaction. The guide is not intended to replace an E2018 PCA, but rather to supplement it.4.2.2 Independent Use—This guide may also be used independently of any other building or property condition assessment.4.2.3 Site-Specific—This guide is site and property-specific in that it relates to an existing building’s or property’s energy performance.4.3 Who May Conduct—A BEPIE should be performed by a qualified Consultant or individual (hereafter referred to as the “Consultant”) with the education, training and experience necessary to perform the requirements of this guide (refer to 8.6). No practical approach can be designed to eliminate the role of professional judgment and the value and need for experience in the individual performing the inquiry. The professional experience of the Consultant is, consequently, important to the performance of a BEPIE.4.4 Additional Services—Additional services not included within the scope of this guide may be contracted for between the user and the Consultant (refer to 13.1 – 13.2). For example, the user or Consultant may also wish to apply for LEED® or ENERGY STAR® certification.4.5 Principles—The following principles are an integral part of this guide and are intended to be referred to in resolving any ambiguity or exercising such discretion as is accorded the user or Consultant in performing a BEPIE.4.5.1 Uncertainty is not eliminated—No BEPIE standard can wholly eliminate uncertainty in determining the myriad of variables that can impact the energy consumption of a building on a property and the energy savings that might be realized by making energy efficiency improvements. The BEPIE is intended to reduce, but not eliminate, uncertainty regarding the impact of such variables.4.5.2 Assessment is not exhaustive—This guide is not meant to be an exhaustive assessment. There is a point at which the cost of the information obtained or the time required to gather it outweighs the usefulness of the information and, in fact, may be a material detriment to the orderly completion of a commercial real estate transaction. One of the purposes of this guide is to identify a balance between the competing goals of limiting the costs and time demands inherent in performing a BEPIE and the reduction of uncertainty about unknown conditions resulting from collecting additional information.4.5.3 Level of inquiry is variable—Not every building will warrant the same level of assessment. The appropriate level of assessment should be guided by the type and complexity of the property being evaluated, the needs of the user, and the information already available or developed in the course of the inquiry.4.6 Rules of Engagement—The contractual and legal obligations between a Consultant and a user (and other parties, if any) are outside the scope of this guide. No specific legal relationship between the Consultant and user was considered during the preparation of this guide.1.1 Purpose—The purpose of this guide is to define a commercially useful standard in the United States of America for incorporating building energy performance into an assessment of existing property condition, and specifically into a property condition assessment (PCA) on a building involved in a commercial real estate transaction. The guide is intended to provide a methodology for the user to identify building energy under-performance compared to peer buildings. If the building is under-performing compared to its peers, a methodology is provided to identify potential energy performance improvements and provide a probable cost for such improvements. The guide may be used independently or as a voluntary supplement to ASTM Guide E2018 PCA. Utilization of this guide and incorporating it into a PCA is voluntary. If the property owner is unwilling or unable to provide building energy consumption information and it is not possible to develop a reasonable estimate of building energy consumption, the methodology defined by this guide cannot be performed.1.2 Building Energy Performance and Improvement Evaluation (BEPIE)—the process as described in this guide by which a person collects, analyzes and reports on a building’s energy consumption, compares it to peer buildings and determines if the building is under-performing. If the building is under-performing, potential major improvements (energy efficiency measures, EEMs) that may reduce building energy consumption to achieve parity with peer buildings are identified and a probable cost is provided. Building energy performance as defined by this guide involves the collection of annual whole building energy consumption for heating, cooling, ventilation, lighting, and other related energy-consuming end-uses. Building energy consumption, for example, includes total electricity used at the building; purchased or delivered steam, hot water, or chilled water to the building; natural gas, fuel oil, propane, biomass, or any other matter consumed as fuel at the building. Annual whole building energy consumption in kBTU/yr is weather-normalized and converted to energy use intensity (EUI, kBTU/SF-yr), and then benchmarked against weather-normalized energy consumption in peer buildings. If the building consumes more energy than peer buildings, it is assumed to be under-performing. For under-performing buildings, the methodology provided in this guide identifies potential energy improvements and associated costs that may be able to bring the building to parity with peers. If electricity is generated on site from renewable/alternative energy systems (for example, solar photovoltaic systems, wind energy generator technology, fuel cells, or microturbines), the electricity produced is considered energy savings and is netted against building energy requirements with the purpose of reducing building EUI. The assessment conducted for the BEPIE may be a Screening Assessment (SA) that might be conducted in due diligence prior to building acquisition, or a More Comprehensive Assessment (MCA) that might be conducted by the owner of a building who may have had an SA conducted prior to acquiring the building. A BEPIE as performed according to this guide is building- and site-specific. For multifamily type property, the BEPIE is property-specific where a property may include multiple buildings. For such cases, data from the multiple buildings are aggregated prior to analysis.1.3 Objectives—Objectives in the development of this guide are to: (1) define a commercially useful guide for incorporating building energy performance into the assessment of existing property condition as part of due diligence associated with real estate transactions conducted pre-acquisition, post-acquisition or independent of an acquisition; (2) identify buildings that consume more energy than their peers, that is, are under-performing relative to peers; (3) identify how under-performing buildings might be improved and provide a probable cost to bring under-performing buildings to parity with peers; (4) define a commercially useful and reliable guide for conducting a building energy performance and improvement evaluation; (5) facilitate consistency in conducting and reporting of building energy performance and the evaluation of measures that may improve energy performance; (6) provide a process for conducting a BEPIE that is technically sound, consistent, transparent, practical and reasonable; and (7) provide criterion for identifying what constitutes a building being considered an energy under-performer compared to its peers.1.4 Documentation—The scope of this guide includes data collection, compilation, analysis and reporting. All sources, records and resources relied upon in the BEPIE assessment should to be documented.1.5 Considerations Outside the —The use of this guide is limited to the conduct of a BEPIE as defined by this guide. While this information may be used in assessing building valuation or for other reasons, any such use is solely between the user and the Consultant and beyond the scope of this guide.1.6 Organization of the Guide—BEPIE has 14 sections and 12 appendices. The appendices are included for informational purposes only and are provided for guidance in implementing this guide.Section 1 Describes the scope of the guide.Section 2 Identifies referenced documents.Section 3 Provides terminology pertinent to the guide.Section 4 Discusses the significance and use of the guide.Section 5 Discusses the relationship between this guide and ASTM E2018, ASTM E2797 and ASHRAE 211.Section 6 Describes the user’s responsibilities under this guide.Section 7 Describes the data collection needs for this guide.Section 8 Describes the building energy performance and improvement evaluation process.Section 9 Describes the benchmarking process.Section 10 Describes the process for conducting a screening assessment.Section 11 Describes the more comprehensive assessment process.Section 12 Describes reporting of findings and conclusions.Section 13 Identifies non-scope considerations.Section 14 Identifies keywords associated with the guide.Appendix X1 Driving Forces for Considering Building Energy Performance in PCAs.Appendix X2 Common Commercial Building Types.Appendix X3 EPA Portfolio Manager.Appendix X4 Commercial (CBECS) and Residential (RECS) Building Energy Consumption Surveys.Appendix X5 U.S. Climate Zones.Appendix X6 Building Performance Database.Appendix X7 EULs of Common Energy-consuming Equipment.Appendix X8 EEM Replacement Schedule Considerations.Appendix X9 Energy Savings for Common EEMs.Appendix X10 Common Energy and Water Savings Measures.Appendix X11 Building Energy Performance and Sustainability Certifications.Appendix X12 Sample BEPIE Screening Assessment Report Format1.7 This guide cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM guide is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this guide be applied without consideration of a building’s many unique aspects. The word “standard” in the title means only that the guide has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.1.8 Nothing in this guide is intended to create or imply the existence of a legal obligation for reporting building energy performance or other building-related information. Any consideration of whether such an obligation exists under any federal, state, local, or common law is beyond the scope of this guide.1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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This practice covers procedures for evaluating the performance characteristics of air quality measurement methods with linear calibration functions. The steps involved in the measurement method used shall be described, and the performance characteristics to be evaluated shall be specified and tested under explicitly specified conditions. The performance characteristics for evaluation include bias, calibration function and linearity, instability, lower detection limit, period of unattended operation, selectivity, sensitivity, and upper limit of measurement.1.1 This practice2 covers procedures for evaluating the following performance characteristics of air quality measurement methods: bias (in part only), calibration function and linearity, instability, lower detection limit, period of unattended operation, selectivity, sensitivity, and upper limit of measurement.1.2 The procedures presented in this practice are applicable only to air quality measurement methods with linear continuous calibration functions, and the output variable of which is a defined time average. The linearity may be due to postprocessing of the primary output variable. Additionally, replicate values belonging to the same input state are assumed to be normally distributed. Components required to transform the primary measurement method output into the time averages desired are regarded as an integral part of this measurement method.1.3 For surveillance of measurement method stability under routine measurement conditions, it may suffice to check the essential performance characteristics using simplified tests, the degree of simplification acceptable being dependent on the knowledge on the invariance properties of the performance characteristics previously gained by the procedures presented here.1.4 There is no fundamental difference between the instrumental (automatic) and the manual (for example, wet-chemical) procedures, as long as the measured value is an average representative for a predefined time interval. Therefore, the procedures presented are applicable to both. Furthermore, they are applicable to measurement methods for ambient, workplace, and indoor atmospheres, as well as emissions.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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